/*
 ******************************************************************
 *           C++ Mathematical Expression Toolkit Library          *
 *                                                                *
 * Author: Arash Partow (1999-2015)                               *
 * URL: http://www.partow.net/programming/exprtk/index.html       *
 *                                                                *
 * Copyright notice:                                              *
 * Free use of the C++ Mathematical Expression Toolkit Library is *
 * permitted under the guidelines and in accordance with the most *
 * current version of the Common Public License.                  *
 * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php                  *
 *                                                                *
 * Example expressions:                                           *
 * (00) (y + x / y) * (x - y / x)                                 *
 * (01) (x^2 / sin(2 * pi / y)) - x / 2                           *
 * (02) sqrt(1 - (x^2))                                           *
 * (03) 1 - sin(2 * x) + cos(pi / y)                              *
 * (04) a * exp(2 * t) + c                                        *
 * (05) if(((x + 2) == 3) and ((y + 5) <= 9),1 + w, 2 / z)        *
 * (06) (avg(x,y) <= x + y ? x - y : x * y) + 2 * pi / x          *
 * (07) z := x + sin(2 * pi / y)                                  *
 * (08) u := 2 * (pi * z) / (w := x + cos(y / pi))                *
 * (09) clamp(-1,sin(2 * pi * x) + cos(y / 2 * pi),+1)            *
 * (10) inrange(-2,m,+2) == if(({-2 <= m} and [m <= +2]),1,0)     *
 * (11) (2sin(x)cos(2y)7 + 1) == (2 * sin(x) * cos(2*y) * 7 + 1)  *
 * (12) (x ilike 's*ri?g') and [y < (3 z^7 + w)]                  *
 *                                                                *
 ******************************************************************
*/


#ifndef INCLUDE_EXPRTK_HPP
#define INCLUDE_EXPRTK_HPP


#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <deque>
#include <exception>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>


namespace exprtk
{
   #if exprtk_enable_debugging
     #define exprtk_debug(params) printf params
   #else
     #define exprtk_debug(params) (void)0
   #endif

   namespace details
   {
      inline bool is_whitespace(const char c)
      {
         return (' '  == c) || ('\n' == c) ||
                ('\r' == c) || ('\t' == c) ||
                ('\b' == c) || ('\v' == c) ||
                ('\f' == c) ;
      }

      inline bool is_operator_char(const char c)
      {
         return ('+' == c) || ('-' == c) ||
                ('*' == c) || ('/' == c) ||
                ('^' == c) || ('<' == c) ||
                ('>' == c) || ('=' == c) ||
                (',' == c) || ('!' == c) ||
                ('(' == c) || (')' == c) ||
                ('[' == c) || (']' == c) ||
                ('{' == c) || ('}' == c) ||
                ('%' == c) || (':' == c) ||
                ('?' == c) || ('&' == c) ||
                ('|' == c) || (';' == c) ;
      }

      inline bool is_letter(const char c)
      {
         return (('a' <= c) && (c <= 'z')) ||
                (('A' <= c) && (c <= 'Z')) ;
      }

      inline bool is_digit(const char c)
      {
         return ('0' <= c) && (c <= '9');
      }

      inline bool is_letter_or_digit(const char c)
      {
         return is_letter(c) || is_digit(c);
      }

      inline bool is_left_bracket(const char c)
      {
         return ('(' == c) || ('[' == c) || ('{' == c);
      }

      inline bool is_right_bracket(const char c)
      {
         return (')' == c) || (']' == c) || ('}' == c);
      }

      inline bool is_bracket(const char c)
      {
         return is_left_bracket(c) || is_right_bracket(c);
      }

      inline bool is_sign(const char c)
      {
         return ('+' == c) || ('-' == c);
      }

      inline bool is_invalid(const char c)
      {
         return !is_whitespace   (c) &&
                !is_operator_char(c) &&
                !is_letter       (c) &&
                !is_digit        (c) &&
                ('.'  != c)          &&
                ('_'  != c)          &&
                ('$'  != c)          &&
                ('~'  != c)          &&
                ('\'' != c);
      }

      inline bool imatch(const char c1, const char c2)
      {
         return std::tolower(c1) == std::tolower(c2);
      }

      inline bool imatch(const std::string& s1, const std::string& s2)
      {
         if (s1.size() == s2.size())
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < s1.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (std::tolower(s1[i]) != std::tolower(s2[i]))
               {
                  return false;
               }
            }

            return true;
         }

         return false;
      }

      inline bool is_valid_sf_symbol(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         // Special function: $f12 or $F34
         return (4 == symbol.size())  &&
                ('$' == symbol[0])    &&
                imatch('f',symbol[1]) &&
                is_digit(symbol[2])   &&
                is_digit(symbol[3]);
      }

      inline std::string to_str(int i)
      {
         if (0 == i)
            return std::string("0");

         std::string result;

         if (i < 0)
         {
            for ( ; i; i /= 10)
            {
               result += '0' + char(-(i % 10));
            }

            result += '-';
         }
         else
         {
            for ( ; i; i /= 10)
            {
               result += '0' + char(i % 10);
            }
         }

         std::reverse(result.begin(), result.end());

         return result;
      }

      inline bool is_hex_digit(const std::string::value_type digit)
      {
         return (('0' <= digit) && (digit <= '9')) ||
                (('A' <= digit) && (digit <= 'F')) ||
                (('a' <= digit) && (digit <= 'f')) ;
      }

      inline unsigned char hex_to_bin(unsigned char h)
      {
         if (('0' <= h) && (h <= '9'))
            return (h - '0');
         else
            return (std::toupper(h) - 'A');
      }

      template <typename Iterator>
      inline void parse_hex(Iterator& itr, Iterator end, std::string::value_type& result)
      {
         if (
              (end !=  (itr    )) &&
              (end !=  (itr + 1)) &&
              (end !=  (itr + 2)) &&
              (end !=  (itr + 3)) &&
              ('0' == *(itr    )) &&
              (
                ('x' == *(itr + 1)) ||
                ('X' == *(itr + 1))
              ) &&
              (is_hex_digit(*(itr + 2))) &&
              (is_hex_digit(*(itr + 3)))
            )
         {
            result = hex_to_bin(*(itr + 2)) << 4 | hex_to_bin(*(itr + 3));
            itr += 3;
         }
         else
            result = '\0';
      }

      inline void cleanup_escapes(std::string& s)
      {
         std::string::iterator itr1 = s.begin();
         std::string::iterator itr2 = s.begin();
         std::string::iterator end  = s.end  ();
         std::size_t removal_count  = 0;

         while (end != itr1)
         {
            if ('\\' == (*itr1))
            {
               ++removal_count;

               if (end == ++itr1)
                  break;
               else if ('\\' != (*itr1))
               {
                  switch (*itr1)
                  {
                     case 'n' : (*itr1) = '\n'; break;
                     case 'r' : (*itr1) = '\r'; break;
                     case 't' : (*itr1) = '\t'; break;
                     case '0' : parse_hex(itr1,end,(*itr1));
                                removal_count += 3;
                                break;
                  }

                  continue;
               }
            }

            if (itr1 != itr2)
            {
               (*itr2) = (*itr1);
            }

            ++itr1;
            ++itr2;
         }

         s.resize(s.size() - removal_count);
      }

      class build_string
      {
      public:

         build_string(const std::size_t& initial_size = 64)
         {
            data_.reserve(initial_size);
         }

         inline build_string& operator << (const std::string& s)
         {
            data_ += s;
            return (*this);
         }

         inline build_string& operator << (const char* s)
         {
            data_ += std::string(s);
            return (*this);
         }

         inline operator std::string () const
         {
            return data_;
         }

         inline std::string as_string() const
         {
            return data_;
         }

      private:

         std::string data_;
      };

      struct ilesscompare
      {
         inline bool operator()(const std::string& s1, const std::string& s2) const
         {
            const std::size_t length = std::min(s1.size(),s2.size());

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < length;  ++i)
            {
               const char c1 = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(s1[i]));
               const char c2 = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(s2[i]));

               if (c1 > c2)
                  return false;
               else if (c1 < c2)
                  return true;
            }

            return s1.size() < s2.size();
         }
      };

      static const std::string reserved_words[] =
                                  {
                                    "break",  "case",  "continue",  "default",  "false",  "for",
                                    "if", "else", "ilike",  "in", "like", "and",  "nand", "nor",
                                    "not",  "null",  "or",   "repeat", "return",  "shl",  "shr",
                                    "swap", "switch", "true",  "until", "var",  "while", "xnor",
                                    "xor", "&", "|"
                                  };

      static const std::size_t reserved_words_size = sizeof(reserved_words) / sizeof(std::string);

      static const std::string reserved_symbols[] =
                                  {
                                    "abs",  "acos",  "acosh",  "and",  "asin",  "asinh", "atan",
                                    "atanh", "atan2", "avg",  "break", "case", "ceil",  "clamp",
                                    "continue",   "cos",   "cosh",   "cot",   "csc",  "default",
                                    "deg2grad",  "deg2rad",   "equal",  "erf",   "erfc",  "exp",
                                    "expm1",  "false",   "floor",  "for",   "frac",  "grad2deg",
                                    "hypot", "iclamp", "if",  "else", "ilike", "in",  "inrange",
                                    "like",  "log",  "log10", "log2",  "logn",  "log1p", "mand",
                                    "max", "min",  "mod", "mor",  "mul", "ncdf",  "nand", "nor",
                                    "not",   "not_equal",   "null",   "or",   "pow",  "rad2deg",
                                    "repeat", "return", "root", "round", "roundn", "sec", "sgn",
                                    "shl", "shr", "sin", "sinc", "sinh", "sqrt",  "sum", "swap",
                                    "switch", "tan",  "tanh", "true",  "trunc", "until",  "var",
                                    "while", "xnor", "xor", "&", "|"
                                  };

      static const std::size_t reserved_symbols_size = sizeof(reserved_symbols) / sizeof(std::string);

      static const std::string base_function_list[] =
                                  {
                                    "abs", "acos",  "acosh", "asin",  "asinh", "atan",  "atanh",
                                    "atan2",  "avg",  "ceil",  "clamp",  "cos",  "cosh",  "cot",
                                    "csc",  "equal",  "erf",  "erfc",  "exp",  "expm1", "floor",
                                    "frac", "hypot", "iclamp",  "like", "log", "log10",  "log2",
                                    "logn", "log1p", "mand", "max", "min", "mod", "mor",  "mul",
                                    "ncdf",  "pow",  "root",  "round",  "roundn",  "sec", "sgn",
                                    "sin", "sinc", "sinh", "sqrt", "sum", "swap", "tan", "tanh",
                                    "trunc",  "not_equal",  "inrange",  "deg2grad",   "deg2rad",
                                    "rad2deg", "grad2deg"
                                  };

      static const std::size_t base_function_list_size = sizeof(base_function_list) / sizeof(std::string);

      static const std::string logic_ops_list[] =
                                  {
                                    "and", "nand", "nor", "not", "or",  "xnor", "xor", "&", "|"
                                  };

      static const std::size_t logic_ops_list_size = sizeof(logic_ops_list) / sizeof(std::string);

      static const std::string cntrl_struct_list[] =
                                  {
                                    "for", "if", "repeat", "switch", "while"
                                  };

      static const std::size_t cntrl_struct_list_size = sizeof(cntrl_struct_list) / sizeof(std::string);

      inline bool is_reserved_word(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < reserved_words_size; ++i)
         {
            if (imatch(symbol,reserved_words[i]))
            {
               return true;
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      inline bool is_reserved_symbol(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < reserved_symbols_size; ++i)
         {
            if (imatch(symbol,reserved_symbols[i]))
            {
               return true;
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      inline bool is_base_function(const std::string& function_name)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < base_function_list_size; ++i)
         {
            if (imatch(function_name,base_function_list[i]))
            {
               return true;
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      inline bool is_control_struct(const std::string& cntrl_strct)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < cntrl_struct_list_size; ++i)
         {
            if (imatch(cntrl_strct,cntrl_struct_list[i]))
            {
               return true;
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      inline bool is_logic_opr(const std::string& lgc_opr)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < cntrl_struct_list_size; ++i)
         {
            if (imatch(lgc_opr,logic_ops_list[i]))
            {
               return true;
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      struct cs_match
      {
         static inline bool cmp(const char c0, const char c1)
         {
            return (c0 == c1);
         }
      };

      struct cis_match
      {
         static inline bool cmp(const char c0, const char c1)
         {
            return (std::tolower(c0) == std::tolower(c1));
         }
      };

      template <typename Iterator, typename Compare>
      inline bool match_impl(const Iterator pattern_begin,
                             const Iterator pattern_end,
                             const Iterator data_begin,
                             const Iterator data_end,
                             const typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type& zero_or_more,
                             const typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type& zero_or_one)
      {
         if (0 == std::distance(data_begin,data_end))
         {
            return false;
         }

         Iterator d_itr = data_begin;
         Iterator p_itr = pattern_begin;
         Iterator c_itr = data_begin;
         Iterator m_itr = data_begin;

         while ((data_end != d_itr) && (zero_or_more != (*p_itr)))
         {
            if ((!Compare::cmp((*p_itr),(*d_itr))) && (zero_or_one != (*p_itr)))
            {
               return false;
            }

            ++p_itr;
            ++d_itr;
         }

         while (data_end != d_itr)
         {
            if (zero_or_more == (*p_itr))
            {
               if (pattern_end == (++p_itr))
               {
                  return true;
               }

               m_itr = p_itr;
               c_itr = d_itr;
               ++c_itr;
            }
            else if ((Compare::cmp((*p_itr),(*d_itr))) || (zero_or_one == (*p_itr)))
            {
               ++p_itr;
               ++d_itr;
            }
            else
            {
               p_itr = m_itr;
               d_itr = c_itr++;
            }
         }

         while ((p_itr != pattern_end) && (zero_or_more == (*p_itr))) { ++p_itr; }

         return (p_itr == pattern_end);
      }

      inline bool wc_match(const std::string& wild_card,
                           const std::string& str)
      {
         return match_impl<const char*,cs_match>(wild_card.data(),
                                                 wild_card.data() + wild_card.size(),
                                                 str.data(),
                                                 str.data() + str.size(),
                                                 '*',
                                                 '?');
      }

      inline bool wc_imatch(const std::string& wild_card,
                            const std::string& str)
      {
         return match_impl<const char*,cis_match>(wild_card.data(),
                                                  wild_card.data() + wild_card.size(),
                                                  str.data(),
                                                  str.data() + str.size(),
                                                  '*',
                                                  '?');
      }

      inline bool sequence_match(const std::string& pattern,
                                 const std::string& str,
                                 std::size_t&       diff_index,
                                 char&              diff_value)
      {
         if (str.empty() || pattern.empty())
            return false;
         else if ('*' == pattern[0])
            return false;

         typedef std::string::const_iterator itr_t;

         itr_t p_itr = pattern.begin();
         itr_t s_itr = str    .begin();

         itr_t p_end = pattern.end();
         itr_t s_end = str    .end();

         while ((s_end != s_itr) && (p_end != p_itr))
         {
            if ('*' == (*p_itr))
            {
               const char target = std::toupper(*(p_itr - 1));

               if ('*' == target)
               {
                  diff_index = std::distance(str.begin(),s_itr);
                  diff_value = std::toupper(*p_itr);

                  return false;
               }
               else
                  ++p_itr;

               while (s_itr != s_end)
               {
                  if (target != std::toupper(*s_itr))
                     break;
                  else
                     ++s_itr;
               }

               continue;
            }
            else if (
                      ('?' != *p_itr) &&
                      std::toupper(*p_itr) != std::toupper(*s_itr)
                    )
            {
               diff_index = std::distance(str.begin(),s_itr);
               diff_value = std::toupper(*p_itr);

               return false;
            }

            ++p_itr;
            ++s_itr;
         }

         return (
                  (s_end == s_itr) &&
                  (
                    (p_end ==  p_itr) ||
                    ('*'   == *p_itr)
                  )
                );
      }

      static const double pow10[] = {
                                      1.0,
                                      1.0E+001, 1.0E+002, 1.0E+003, 1.0E+004,
                                      1.0E+005, 1.0E+006, 1.0E+007, 1.0E+008,
                                      1.0E+009, 1.0E+010, 1.0E+011, 1.0E+012,
                                      1.0E+013, 1.0E+014, 1.0E+015, 1.0E+016
                                    };

     static const std::size_t pow10_size = sizeof(pow10) / sizeof(double);

      namespace numeric
      {
         namespace constant
         {
            static const double e       =  2.718281828459045235360;
            static const double pi      =  3.141592653589793238462;
            static const double pi_2    =  1.570796326794896619231;
            static const double pi_4    =  0.785398163397448309616;
            static const double pi_180  =  0.017453292519943295769;
            static const double _1_pi   =  0.318309886183790671538;
            static const double _2_pi   =  0.636619772367581343076;
            static const double _180_pi = 57.295779513082320876798;
            static const double log2    =  0.693147180559945309417;
            static const double sqrt2   =  1.414213562373095048801;
         }

         namespace details
         {
            struct unknown_type_tag {};
            struct real_type_tag    {};
            struct complex_type_tag {};
            struct int_type_tag     {};

            template <typename T>
            struct number_type { typedef unknown_type_tag type; };

            #define exprtk_register_real_type_tag(T)                          \
            template<> struct number_type<T> { typedef real_type_tag type; }; \

            #define exprtk_register_complex_type_tag(T)     \
            template<> struct number_type<std::complex<T> > \
            { typedef complex_type_tag type; };             \

            #define exprtk_register_int_type_tag(T)                          \
            template<> struct number_type<T> { typedef int_type_tag type; }; \

            exprtk_register_real_type_tag(double     )
            exprtk_register_real_type_tag(long double)
            exprtk_register_real_type_tag(float      )

            exprtk_register_complex_type_tag(double     )
            exprtk_register_complex_type_tag(long double)
            exprtk_register_complex_type_tag(float      )

            exprtk_register_int_type_tag(short                 )
            exprtk_register_int_type_tag(int                   )
            exprtk_register_int_type_tag(long long int         )
            exprtk_register_int_type_tag(unsigned short        )
            exprtk_register_int_type_tag(unsigned int          )
            exprtk_register_int_type_tag(unsigned long long int)

            #undef exprtk_register_real_type_tag
            #undef exprtk_register_int_type_tag

            template <typename T>
            struct epsilon_type
            {
               static inline T value()
               {
                  const T epsilon = T(0.0000000001);
                  return epsilon;
               }
            };

            template <>
            struct epsilon_type <float>
            {
               static inline float value()
               {
                  const float epsilon = float(0.000001f);
                  return epsilon;
               }
            };

            template <>
            struct epsilon_type <long double>
            {
               static inline long double value()
               {
                  const long double epsilon = (long double)(0.000000000001);
                  return epsilon;
               }
            };

            template <typename T>
            inline bool is_nan_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::not_equal_to<T>()(v,v);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline int to_int32_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               return static_cast<int>(v);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline long long int to_int64_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               return static_cast<long long int>(v);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline bool is_true_impl(const T v)
            {
               return std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),v);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline bool is_false_impl(const T v)
            {
               return std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),v);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T abs_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               return ((v >= T(0)) ? v : -v);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T min_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::min<T>(v0,v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T max_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::max<T>(v0,v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T equal_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               const T epsilon = epsilon_type<T>::value();
               return (abs_impl(v0 - v1,real_type_tag()) <= (std::max(T(1),std::max(abs_impl(v0,real_type_tag()),abs_impl(v1,real_type_tag()))) * epsilon)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            inline float equal_impl(const float v0, const float v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               const float epsilon = epsilon_type<float>::value();
               return (abs_impl(v0 - v1,real_type_tag()) <= (std::max(1.0f,std::max(abs_impl(v0,real_type_tag()),abs_impl(v1,real_type_tag()))) * epsilon)) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T equal_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return (v0 == v1) ? 1 : 0;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T expm1_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               // return std::expm1<T>(v);
               if (abs_impl(v,real_type_tag()) < T(0.00001))
                  return v + (T(0.5) * v * v);
               else
                  return std::exp(v) - T(1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T expm1_impl(const T v, int_type_tag)
            {
               return T(std::exp<double>(v)) - T(1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T nequal_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               typedef real_type_tag rtg;
               const T epsilon = epsilon_type<T>::value();
               return (abs_impl(v0 - v1,rtg()) > (std::max(T(1),std::max(abs_impl(v0,rtg()),abs_impl(v1,rtg()))) * epsilon)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            inline float nequal_impl(const float v0, const float v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               typedef real_type_tag rtg;
               const float epsilon = epsilon_type<float>::value();
               return (abs_impl(v0 - v1,rtg()) > (std::max(1.0f,std::max(abs_impl(v0,rtg()),abs_impl(v1,rtg()))) * epsilon)) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T nequal_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return (v0 != v1) ? 1 : 0;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T modulus_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::fmod(v0,v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T modulus_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 % v1;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T pow_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::pow(v0,v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T pow_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return std::pow(static_cast<double>(v0),static_cast<double>(v1));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T logn_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::log(v0) / std::log(v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T logn_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return static_cast<T>(logn_impl<double>(static_cast<double>(v0),static_cast<double>(v1),real_type_tag()));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T log1p_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               if (v > T(-1))
               {
                  if (abs_impl(v,real_type_tag()) > T(0.0001))
                  {
                     return std::log(T(1) + v);
                  }
                  else
                     return (T(-0.5) * v + T(1)) * v;
               }
               else
                  return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T log1p_impl(const T v, int_type_tag)
            {
               if (v > T(-1))
               {
                  return std::log(T(1) + v);
               }
               else
                  return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T root_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::pow(v0,T(1) / v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T root_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return root_impl<double>(static_cast<double>(v0),static_cast<double>(v1),real_type_tag());
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T round_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               return ((v < T(0)) ? std::ceil(v - T(0.5)) : std::floor(v + T(0.5)));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T roundn_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               const int index = std::max<int>(0, std::min<int>(pow10_size - 1, (int)std::floor(v1)));
               const T p10 = T(pow10[index]);
               if (v0 < T(0))
                  return T(std::ceil ((v0 * p10) - T(0.5)) / p10);
               else
                  return T(std::floor((v0 * p10) + T(0.5)) / p10);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T roundn_impl(const T v0, const T, int_type_tag)
            {
               return v0;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T hypot_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::sqrt((v0 * v0) + (v1 * v1));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T hypot_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return static_cast<T>(std::sqrt(static_cast<double>((v0 * v0) + (v1 * v1))));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T atan2_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::atan2(v0,v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T atan2_impl(const T, const T, int_type_tag)
            {
               return 0;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T shr_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 * (T(1) / std::pow(T(2),static_cast<T>(static_cast<int>(v1))));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T shr_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 >> v1;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T shl_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 * std::pow(T(2),static_cast<T>(static_cast<int>(v1)));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T shl_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 << v1;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T sgn_impl(const T v, real_type_tag)
            {
                    if (v > T(0)) return T(+1);
               else if (v < T(0)) return T(-1);
               else               return T( 0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T sgn_impl(const T v, int_type_tag)
            {
                    if (v > T(0)) return T(+1);
               else if (v < T(0)) return T(-1);
               else               return T( 0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T and_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return (is_true_impl(v0) && is_true_impl(v1)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T and_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 && v1;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T nand_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return (is_false_impl(v0) || is_false_impl(v1)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T nand_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return !(v0 && v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T or_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return (is_true_impl(v0) || is_true_impl(v1)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T or_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return (v0 || v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T nor_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return (is_false_impl(v0) && is_false_impl(v1)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T nor_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return !(v0 || v1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T xor_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               return (is_false_impl(v0) != is_false_impl(v1)) ? T(1) : T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T xor_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               return v0 ^ v1;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T xnor_impl(const T v0, const T v1, real_type_tag)
            {
               const bool v0_true = is_true_impl(v0);
               const bool v1_true = is_true_impl(v1);
               if ((v0_true &&  v1_true) || (!v0_true && !v1_true))
                  return T(1);
               else
                  return T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T xnor_impl(const T v0, const T v1, int_type_tag)
            {
               const bool v0_true = is_true_impl(v0);
               const bool v1_true = is_true_impl(v1);
               if ((v0_true &&  v1_true) || (!v0_true && !v1_true))
                  return T(1);
               else
                  return T(0);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T erf_impl(T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32)
               // Credits: Abramowitz & Stegun Equations 7.1.25-28
               const T t = T(1) / (T(1) + T(0.5) * abs_impl(v,real_type_tag()));
               static const T c[] = {
                                      T( 1.26551223), T(1.00002368),
                                      T( 0.37409196), T(0.09678418),
                                      T(-0.18628806), T(0.27886807),
                                      T(-1.13520398), T(1.48851587),
                                      T(-0.82215223), T(0.17087277)
                                    };
               T result = T(1) - t * std::exp((-v * v) -
                                      c[0] + t * (c[1] + t *
                                     (c[2] + t * (c[3] + t *
                                     (c[4] + t * (c[5] + t *
                                     (c[6] + t * (c[7] + t *
                                     (c[8] + t * (c[9]))))))))));
               return (v >= T(0)) ? result : -result;
               #else
               return ::erf(v);
               #endif
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T erf_impl(T v, int_type_tag)
            {
               return erf_impl(static_cast<double>(v),real_type_tag());
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T erfc_impl(T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32)
               return T(1) - erf_impl(v,real_type_tag());
               #else
               return ::erfc(v);
               #endif
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T erfc_impl(T v, int_type_tag)
            {
               return erfc_impl(static_cast<double>(v),real_type_tag());
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T ncdf_impl(T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               T cnd = T(0.5) * (T(1) + erf_impl(
                                           abs_impl(v,real_type_tag()) /
                                           T(numeric::constant::sqrt2),real_type_tag()));
               return  (v < T(0)) ? (T(1) - cnd) : cnd;
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T ncdf_impl(T v, int_type_tag)
            {
               return ncdf_impl(static_cast<double>(v),real_type_tag());
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T sinc_impl(T v, real_type_tag)
            {
               if (std::abs(v) >= std::numeric_limits<T>::epsilon())
                   return(std::sin(v) / v);
               else
                  return T(1);
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T sinc_impl(T v, int_type_tag)
            {
               return sinc_impl(static_cast<double>(v),real_type_tag());
            }

            template <typename T> inline T  acos_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::acos (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T acosh_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::log(v + std::sqrt((v * v) - T(1))); }
            template <typename T> inline T  asin_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::asin (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T asinh_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::log(v + std::sqrt((v * v) + T(1))); }
            template <typename T> inline T  atan_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::atan (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T atanh_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (std::log(T(1) + v) - log(T(1) - v)) / T(2); }
            template <typename T> inline T  ceil_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::ceil (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   cos_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::cos  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  cosh_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::cosh (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   exp_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::exp  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T floor_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::floor(v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   log_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::log  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T log10_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::log10(v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  log2_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::log(v)/T(numeric::constant::log2); }
            template <typename T> inline T   neg_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return -v;            }
            template <typename T> inline T   pos_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return +v;            }
            template <typename T> inline T   sin_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::sin  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  sinh_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::sinh (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  sqrt_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::sqrt (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   tan_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::tan  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  tanh_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return std::tanh (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   cot_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return T(1) / std::tan(v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   sec_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return T(1) / std::cos(v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   csc_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return T(1) / std::sin(v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   r2d_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (v * T(numeric::constant::_180_pi)); }
            template <typename T> inline T   d2r_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (v * T(numeric::constant::pi_180));  }
            template <typename T> inline T   d2g_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (v * T(20.0/9.0)); }
            template <typename T> inline T   g2d_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (v * T(9.0/20.0)); }
            template <typename T> inline T  notl_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),v) ? T(0) : T(1)); }
            template <typename T> inline T  frac_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return (v - static_cast<long long>(v)); }
            template <typename T> inline T trunc_impl(const T v, real_type_tag) { return T(static_cast<long long>(v));    }

            template <typename T> inline T   abs_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return ((v >= T(0)) ? v : -v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   exp_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return std::exp  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T   log_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return std::log  (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T log10_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return std::log10(v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  log2_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return std::log(v)/T(numeric::constant::log2); }
            template <typename T> inline T   neg_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return -v;            }
            template <typename T> inline T   pos_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return +v;            }
            template <typename T> inline T  ceil_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return v;             }
            template <typename T> inline T floor_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return v;             }
            template <typename T> inline T round_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return v;             }
            template <typename T> inline T  notl_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return !v;            }
            template <typename T> inline T  sqrt_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return std::sqrt (v); }
            template <typename T> inline T  frac_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return T(0);          }
            template <typename T> inline T trunc_impl(const T v, int_type_tag) { return v;             }
            template <typename T> inline T  acos_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T acosh_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T  asin_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T asinh_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T  atan_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T atanh_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T   cos_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T  cosh_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T   sin_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T  sinh_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T   tan_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T  tanh_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T   cot_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T   sec_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
            template <typename T> inline T   csc_impl(const T  , int_type_tag) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }

            template <typename T>
            inline bool is_integer_impl(const T& v, real_type_tag)
            {
               return std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),std::fmod(v,T(1)));
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline bool is_integer_impl(const T&, int_type_tag)
            {
               return true;
            }
         }

         template <typename Type>
         struct numeric_info { enum { length = 0, size = 32, bound_length = 0, min_exp = 0, max_exp = 0 }; };

         template<> struct numeric_info<int>         { enum { length = 10, size = 16, bound_length =  9}; };
         template<> struct numeric_info<float>       { enum { min_exp =  -38, max_exp =  +38}; };
         template<> struct numeric_info<double>      { enum { min_exp = -308, max_exp = +308}; };
         template<> struct numeric_info<long double> { enum { min_exp = -308, max_exp = +308}; };

         template <typename T>
         inline int to_int32(const T v)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return to_int32_impl(v,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline long long int to_int64(const T v)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return to_int64_impl(v,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline bool is_nan(const T v)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return is_nan_impl(v,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T min(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return min_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T max(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return max_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T equal(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return equal_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T nequal(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return nequal_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T modulus(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return modulus_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T pow(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return pow_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T logn(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return logn_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T root(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return root_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T roundn(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return roundn_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T hypot(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return hypot_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T atan2(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return atan2_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T shr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return shr_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T shl(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return shl_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T and_opr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return and_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T nand_opr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return nand_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T or_opr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return or_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T nor_opr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return nor_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T xor_opr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return xor_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T xnor_opr(const T v0, const T v1)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return xnor_impl(v0,v1,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline bool is_integer(const T v)
         {
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
            return is_integer_impl(v,num_type);
         }

         template <typename T, unsigned int N>
         struct fast_exp
         {
            static inline T result(T v)
            {
               unsigned int k = N;
               T l = T(1);

               while (k)
               {
                  if (k & 1)
                  {
                     l *= v;
                     --k;
                  }

                  v *= v;
                  k >>= 1;
               }

               return l;
            }
         };

         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T,10> { static inline T result(T v) { T v_5 = fast_exp<T,5>::result(v); return v_5 * v_5; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 9> { static inline T result(T v) { return fast_exp<T,8>::result(v) * v; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 8> { static inline T result(T v) { T v_4 = fast_exp<T,4>::result(v); return v_4 * v_4; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 7> { static inline T result(T v) { return fast_exp<T,6>::result(v) * v; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 6> { static inline T result(T v) { T v_3 = fast_exp<T,3>::result(v); return v_3 * v_3; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 5> { static inline T result(T v) { return fast_exp<T,4>::result(v) * v; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 4> { static inline T result(T v) { T v_2 = v * v; return v_2 * v_2; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 3> { static inline T result(T v) { return v * v * v; } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 2> { static inline T result(T v) { return v * v;     } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 1> { static inline T result(T v) { return v;         } };
         template <typename T> struct fast_exp<T, 0> { static inline T result(T  ) { return T(1);      } };

         #define exprtk_define_unary_function(FunctionName)   \
         template <typename T>                                \
         inline T FunctionName (const T v)                    \
         {                                                    \
            typename details::number_type<T>::type num_type;  \
            return  FunctionName##_impl(v,num_type);          \
         }                                                    \

         exprtk_define_unary_function(abs  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(acos )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(acosh)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(asin )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(asinh)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(atan )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(atanh)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(ceil )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(cos  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(cosh )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(exp  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(expm1)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(floor)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(log  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(log10)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(log2 )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(log1p)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(neg  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(pos  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(round)
         exprtk_define_unary_function(sin  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(sinc )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(sinh )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(sqrt )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(tan  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(tanh )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(cot  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(sec  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(csc  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(r2d  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(d2r  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(d2g  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(g2d  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(notl )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(sgn  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(erf  )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(erfc )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(ncdf )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(frac )
         exprtk_define_unary_function(trunc)
         #undef exprtk_define_unary_function
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline T compute_pow10(T d, const int exponent)
      {
         static const double fract10[] =
         {
           0.0,
           1.0E+001, 1.0E+002, 1.0E+003, 1.0E+004, 1.0E+005, 1.0E+006, 1.0E+007, 1.0E+008, 1.0E+009, 1.0E+010,
           1.0E+011, 1.0E+012, 1.0E+013, 1.0E+014, 1.0E+015, 1.0E+016, 1.0E+017, 1.0E+018, 1.0E+019, 1.0E+020,
           1.0E+021, 1.0E+022, 1.0E+023, 1.0E+024, 1.0E+025, 1.0E+026, 1.0E+027, 1.0E+028, 1.0E+029, 1.0E+030,
           1.0E+031, 1.0E+032, 1.0E+033, 1.0E+034, 1.0E+035, 1.0E+036, 1.0E+037, 1.0E+038, 1.0E+039, 1.0E+040,
           1.0E+041, 1.0E+042, 1.0E+043, 1.0E+044, 1.0E+045, 1.0E+046, 1.0E+047, 1.0E+048, 1.0E+049, 1.0E+050,
           1.0E+051, 1.0E+052, 1.0E+053, 1.0E+054, 1.0E+055, 1.0E+056, 1.0E+057, 1.0E+058, 1.0E+059, 1.0E+060,
           1.0E+061, 1.0E+062, 1.0E+063, 1.0E+064, 1.0E+065, 1.0E+066, 1.0E+067, 1.0E+068, 1.0E+069, 1.0E+070,
           1.0E+071, 1.0E+072, 1.0E+073, 1.0E+074, 1.0E+075, 1.0E+076, 1.0E+077, 1.0E+078, 1.0E+079, 1.0E+080,
           1.0E+081, 1.0E+082, 1.0E+083, 1.0E+084, 1.0E+085, 1.0E+086, 1.0E+087, 1.0E+088, 1.0E+089, 1.0E+090,
           1.0E+091, 1.0E+092, 1.0E+093, 1.0E+094, 1.0E+095, 1.0E+096, 1.0E+097, 1.0E+098, 1.0E+099, 1.0E+100,
           1.0E+101, 1.0E+102, 1.0E+103, 1.0E+104, 1.0E+105, 1.0E+106, 1.0E+107, 1.0E+108, 1.0E+109, 1.0E+110,
           1.0E+111, 1.0E+112, 1.0E+113, 1.0E+114, 1.0E+115, 1.0E+116, 1.0E+117, 1.0E+118, 1.0E+119, 1.0E+120,
           1.0E+121, 1.0E+122, 1.0E+123, 1.0E+124, 1.0E+125, 1.0E+126, 1.0E+127, 1.0E+128, 1.0E+129, 1.0E+130,
           1.0E+131, 1.0E+132, 1.0E+133, 1.0E+134, 1.0E+135, 1.0E+136, 1.0E+137, 1.0E+138, 1.0E+139, 1.0E+140,
           1.0E+141, 1.0E+142, 1.0E+143, 1.0E+144, 1.0E+145, 1.0E+146, 1.0E+147, 1.0E+148, 1.0E+149, 1.0E+150,
           1.0E+151, 1.0E+152, 1.0E+153, 1.0E+154, 1.0E+155, 1.0E+156, 1.0E+157, 1.0E+158, 1.0E+159, 1.0E+160,
           1.0E+161, 1.0E+162, 1.0E+163, 1.0E+164, 1.0E+165, 1.0E+166, 1.0E+167, 1.0E+168, 1.0E+169, 1.0E+170,
           1.0E+171, 1.0E+172, 1.0E+173, 1.0E+174, 1.0E+175, 1.0E+176, 1.0E+177, 1.0E+178, 1.0E+179, 1.0E+180,
           1.0E+181, 1.0E+182, 1.0E+183, 1.0E+184, 1.0E+185, 1.0E+186, 1.0E+187, 1.0E+188, 1.0E+189, 1.0E+190,
           1.0E+191, 1.0E+192, 1.0E+193, 1.0E+194, 1.0E+195, 1.0E+196, 1.0E+197, 1.0E+198, 1.0E+199, 1.0E+200,
           1.0E+201, 1.0E+202, 1.0E+203, 1.0E+204, 1.0E+205, 1.0E+206, 1.0E+207, 1.0E+208, 1.0E+209, 1.0E+210,
           1.0E+211, 1.0E+212, 1.0E+213, 1.0E+214, 1.0E+215, 1.0E+216, 1.0E+217, 1.0E+218, 1.0E+219, 1.0E+220,
           1.0E+221, 1.0E+222, 1.0E+223, 1.0E+224, 1.0E+225, 1.0E+226, 1.0E+227, 1.0E+228, 1.0E+229, 1.0E+230,
           1.0E+231, 1.0E+232, 1.0E+233, 1.0E+234, 1.0E+235, 1.0E+236, 1.0E+237, 1.0E+238, 1.0E+239, 1.0E+240,
           1.0E+241, 1.0E+242, 1.0E+243, 1.0E+244, 1.0E+245, 1.0E+246, 1.0E+247, 1.0E+248, 1.0E+249, 1.0E+250,
           1.0E+251, 1.0E+252, 1.0E+253, 1.0E+254, 1.0E+255, 1.0E+256, 1.0E+257, 1.0E+258, 1.0E+259, 1.0E+260,
           1.0E+261, 1.0E+262, 1.0E+263, 1.0E+264, 1.0E+265, 1.0E+266, 1.0E+267, 1.0E+268, 1.0E+269, 1.0E+270,
           1.0E+271, 1.0E+272, 1.0E+273, 1.0E+274, 1.0E+275, 1.0E+276, 1.0E+277, 1.0E+278, 1.0E+279, 1.0E+280,
           1.0E+281, 1.0E+282, 1.0E+283, 1.0E+284, 1.0E+285, 1.0E+286, 1.0E+287, 1.0E+288, 1.0E+289, 1.0E+290,
           1.0E+291, 1.0E+292, 1.0E+293, 1.0E+294, 1.0E+295, 1.0E+296, 1.0E+297, 1.0E+298, 1.0E+299, 1.0E+300,
           1.0E+301, 1.0E+302, 1.0E+303, 1.0E+304, 1.0E+305, 1.0E+306, 1.0E+307, 1.0E+308
         };

         static const int fract10_size = static_cast<int>(sizeof(fract10) / sizeof(double));

         const int e = std::abs(exponent);

         if (exponent >= std::numeric_limits<T>::min_exponent10)
         {
            if (e < fract10_size)
            {
               if (exponent > 0)
                  return T(d * fract10[e]);
               else
                  return T(d / fract10[e]);
            }
            else
               return T(d * std::pow(10.0, 10.0 * exponent));
         }
         else
         {
                     d /= T(fract10[           -std::numeric_limits<T>::min_exponent10]);
            return T(d /    fract10[-exponent + std::numeric_limits<T>::min_exponent10]);
         }
      }

      template <typename Iterator, typename T>
      inline bool string_to_type_converter_impl_ref(Iterator& itr, const Iterator end, T& result)
      {
         if (itr == end)
            return false;

         bool negative = ('-' == (*itr));

         if (negative || ('+' == (*itr)))
         {
            if (end == ++itr)
               return false;
         }

         while ((end != itr) && ('0' == (*itr))) ++itr;

         bool return_result = true;
         unsigned int digit = 0;
         const std::size_t length = std::distance(itr,end);

         if (length <= 4)
         {
            switch (length)
            {
               #ifdef exprtk_use_lut

               #define exprtk_process_digit \
               if ((digit = details::digit_table[(int)*itr++]) < 10) result = result * 10 + (digit); else { return_result = false; break; }

               #else
               #define exprtk_process_digit \
               if ((digit = (*itr++ - '0')) < 10) result = result * 10 + (digit); else { return_result = false; break; }

               #endif

               case  4 : exprtk_process_digit
               case  3 : exprtk_process_digit
               case  2 : exprtk_process_digit
               case  1 : if ((digit = (*itr - '0'))>= 10) { digit = 0; return_result = false; }

               #undef exprtk_process_digit
            }
         }
         else
            return_result = false;

         if (length && return_result)
         {
            result = result * 10 + static_cast<T>(digit);
            ++itr;
         }

         result = negative ? -result : result;
         return return_result;
      }

      template <typename Iterator, typename T>
      static inline bool parse_nan(Iterator& itr, const Iterator end, T& t)
      {
         typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type type;
         static const std::size_t nan_length = 3;
         if (std::distance(itr,end) != static_cast<int>(nan_length))
            return false;
         if (static_cast<type>('n') == (*itr))
         {
            if (
                 (static_cast<type>('a') != *(itr + 1)) ||
                 (static_cast<type>('n') != *(itr + 2))
               )
            {
               return false;
            }
         }
         else if (
                   (static_cast<type>('A') != *(itr + 1)) ||
                   (static_cast<type>('N') != *(itr + 2))
                 )
         {
            return false;
         }
         t = std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         return true;
      }

      template <typename Iterator, typename T>
      static inline bool parse_inf(Iterator& itr, const Iterator end, T& t, bool negative)
      {
         static const char inf_uc[] = "INFINITY";
         static const char inf_lc[] = "infinity";
         static const std::size_t inf_length = 8;
         const std::size_t length = std::distance(itr,end);
         if ((3 != length) && (inf_length != length))
            return false;
         const char* inf_itr = ('i' == (*itr)) ? inf_lc : inf_uc;
         while (end != itr)
         {
            if (*inf_itr == static_cast<char>(*itr))
            {
               ++itr;
               ++inf_itr;
               continue;
            }
            else
               return false;
         }
         if (negative)
            t = -std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
         else
            t =  std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
         return true;
      }

      template <typename Iterator, typename T>
      inline bool string_to_real(Iterator& itr_external, const Iterator end, T& t, numeric::details::real_type_tag)
      {
         if (end == itr_external) return false;

         Iterator itr = itr_external;

         T d = T(0);

         bool negative = ('-' == (*itr));

         if (negative || '+' == (*itr))
         {
            if (end == ++itr)
               return false;
         }

         bool instate = false;

         #define parse_digit_1(d) \
         if ((digit = (*itr - '0')) < 10) { d = d * T(10) + digit; } else break; if (end == ++itr) break; \

         #define parse_digit_2(d) \
         if ((digit = (*itr - '0')) < 10) { d = d * T(10) + digit; } else break; ++itr; \

         if ('.' != (*itr))
         {
            const Iterator curr = itr;
            while ((end != itr) && ('0' == (*itr))) ++itr;
            unsigned int digit;

            while (end != itr)
            {
               // Note: For 'physical' superscalar architectures it
               // is advised that the following loop be: 4xPD1 and 1xPD2
               #ifdef exprtk_enable_superscalar
               parse_digit_1(d)
               parse_digit_1(d)
               #endif
               parse_digit_1(d)
               parse_digit_1(d)
               parse_digit_2(d)
            }

            if (curr != itr) instate = true;
         }

         int exponent = 0;

         if (end != itr)
         {
            if ('.' == (*itr))
            {
               const Iterator curr = ++itr;
               unsigned int digit;
               T tmp_d = T(0);

               while (end != itr)
               {
                  #ifdef exprtk_enable_superscalar
                  parse_digit_1(tmp_d)
                  parse_digit_1(tmp_d)
                  parse_digit_1(tmp_d)
                  #endif
                  parse_digit_1(tmp_d)
                  parse_digit_1(tmp_d)
                  parse_digit_2(tmp_d)
               }

               if (curr != itr)
               {
                  instate = true;
                  d += compute_pow10(tmp_d,-std::distance(curr,itr));
               }

               #undef parse_digit_1
               #undef parse_digit_2
            }

            if (end != itr)
            {
               typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type c = (*itr);

               if (('e' == c) || ('E' == c))
               {
                  int exp = 0;

                  if (!details::string_to_type_converter_impl_ref(++itr,end,exp))
                  {
                     if (end == itr)
                        return false;
                     else
                        c = (*itr);
                  }

                  exponent += exp;
               }

               if (end != itr)
               {
                  if (('f' == c) || ('F' == c) || ('l' == c) || ('L' == c))
                     ++itr;
                  else if ('#' == c)
                  {
                     if (end == ++itr)
                        return false;
                     else if (('I' <= (*itr)) && ((*itr) <= 'n'))
                     {
                        if (('i' == (*itr)) || ('I' == (*itr)))
                        {
                           return parse_inf(itr,end,t,negative);
                        }
                        else if (('n' == (*itr)) || ('N' == (*itr)))
                        {
                           return parse_nan(itr,end,t);
                        }
                        else
                           return false;
                     }
                     else
                        return false;
                  }
                  else if (('I' <= (*itr)) && ((*itr) <= 'n'))
                  {
                     if (('i' == (*itr)) || ('I' == (*itr)))
                     {
                        return parse_inf(itr,end,t,negative);
                     }
                     else if (('n' == (*itr)) || ('N' == (*itr)))
                     {
                        return parse_nan(itr,end,t);
                     }
                     else
                        return false;
                  }
                  else
                     return false;
               }
            }
         }

         if ((end != itr) || (!instate))
            return false;
         else if (exponent)
            d = compute_pow10(d,exponent);

         t = static_cast<T>((negative) ? -d : d);
         return true;
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool string_to_real(const std::string& s, T& t)
      {
         const char* begin = s.data();
         const char* end   = s.data() + s.size();
         typename numeric::details::number_type<T>::type num_type;
         return string_to_real(begin,end,t,num_type);
      }

      template <typename T>
      struct functor_t
      {
         /*
            Note: The following definitions for Type, may require tweaking
                  based on the compiler and target architecture. The benchmark
                  should provide enough information to make the right choice.
         */
         //typedef T Type;
         //typedef const T Type;
         typedef const T& Type;
         typedef T (*qfunc_t)(Type t0, Type t1, Type t2, Type t3);
         typedef T (*tfunc_t)(Type t0, Type t1, Type t2);
         typedef T (*bfunc_t)(Type t0, Type t1);
         typedef T (*ufunc_t)(Type t0);
      };

   } // namespace details

   namespace lexer
   {
      struct token
      {
         enum token_type
         {
            e_none        =   0, e_error       =   1, e_err_symbol  =   2,
            e_err_number  =   3, e_err_string  =   4, e_err_sfunc   =   5,
            e_eof         =   6, e_number      =   7, e_symbol      =   8,
            e_string      =   9, e_assign      =  10, e_addass      =  11,
            e_subass      =  12, e_mulass      =  13, e_divass      =  14,
            e_modass      =  15, e_shr         =  16, e_shl         =  17,
            e_lte         =  18, e_ne          =  19, e_gte         =  20,
            e_swap        =  21, e_lt          = '<', e_gt          = '>',
            e_eq          = '=', e_rbracket    = ')', e_lbracket    = '(',
            e_rsqrbracket = ']', e_lsqrbracket = '[', e_rcrlbracket = '}',
            e_lcrlbracket = '{', e_comma       = ',', e_add         = '+',
            e_sub         = '-', e_div         = '/', e_mul         = '*',
            e_mod         = '%', e_pow         = '^', e_colon       = ':',
            e_ternary     = '?'
         };

         token()
         : type(e_none),
           value(""),
           position(std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max())
         {}

         void clear()
         {
            type     = e_none;
            value    = "";
            position = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
         }

         template <typename Iterator>
         inline token& set_operator(const token_type tt, const Iterator begin, const Iterator end, const Iterator base_begin = Iterator(0))
         {
            type = tt;
            value.assign(begin,end);
            if (base_begin)
               position = std::distance(base_begin,begin);
            return *this;
         }

         template <typename Iterator>
         inline token& set_symbol(const Iterator begin, const Iterator end, const Iterator base_begin = Iterator(0))
         {
            type = e_symbol;
            value.assign(begin,end);
            if (base_begin)
               position = std::distance(base_begin,begin);
            return *this;
         }

         template <typename Iterator>
         inline token& set_numeric(const Iterator begin, const Iterator end, const Iterator base_begin = Iterator(0))
         {
            type = e_number;
            value.assign(begin,end);
            if (base_begin)
               position = std::distance(base_begin,begin);
            return *this;
         }

         template <typename Iterator>
         inline token& set_string(const Iterator begin, const Iterator end, const Iterator base_begin = Iterator(0))
         {
            type = e_string;
            value.assign(begin,end);
            if (base_begin)
               position = std::distance(base_begin,begin);
            return *this;
         }

         inline token& set_string(const std::string& s, const std::size_t p)
         {
            type     = e_string;
            value    = s;
            position = p;
            return *this;
         }

         template <typename Iterator>
         inline token& set_error(const token_type et, const Iterator begin, const Iterator end, const Iterator base_begin = Iterator(0))
         {
            if (
                 (e_error      == et) ||
                 (e_err_symbol == et) ||
                 (e_err_number == et) ||
                 (e_err_string == et) ||
                 (e_err_sfunc  == et)
               )
            {
               type = et;
            }
            else
               type = e_error;

            value.assign(begin,end);

            if (base_begin)
               position = std::distance(base_begin,begin);

            return *this;
         }

         static inline std::string to_str(token_type t)
         {
            switch (t)
            {
               case e_none        : return "NONE";
               case e_error       : return "ERROR";
               case e_err_symbol  : return "ERROR_SYMBOL";
               case e_err_number  : return "ERROR_NUMBER";
               case e_err_string  : return "ERROR_STRING";
               case e_eof         : return "EOF";
               case e_number      : return "NUMBER";
               case e_symbol      : return "SYMBOL";
               case e_string      : return "STRING";
               case e_assign      : return ":=";
               case e_addass      : return "+=";
               case e_subass      : return "-=";
               case e_mulass      : return "*=";
               case e_divass      : return "/=";
               case e_modass      : return "%=";
               case e_shr         : return ">>";
               case e_shl         : return "<<";
               case e_lte         : return "<=";
               case e_ne          : return "!=";
               case e_gte         : return ">=";
               case e_lt          : return "<";
               case e_gt          : return ">";
               case e_eq          : return "=";
               case e_rbracket    : return ")";
               case e_lbracket    : return "(";
               case e_rsqrbracket : return "]";
               case e_lsqrbracket : return "[";
               case e_rcrlbracket : return "}";
               case e_lcrlbracket : return "{";
               case e_comma       : return ",";
               case e_add         : return "+";
               case e_sub         : return "-";
               case e_div         : return "/";
               case e_mul         : return "*";
               case e_mod         : return "%";
               case e_pow         : return "^";
               case e_colon       : return ":";
               case e_ternary     : return "?";
               case e_swap        : return "<=>";
               default            : return "UNKNOWN";
            }
         }

         inline bool is_error() const
         {
            return (
                     (e_error      == type) ||
                     (e_err_symbol == type) ||
                     (e_err_number == type) ||
                     (e_err_string == type) ||
                     (e_err_sfunc  == type)
                   );
         }

         token_type type;
         std::string value;
         std::size_t position;
      };

      class generator
      {
      public:

         typedef token token_t;
         typedef std::vector<token_t> token_list_t;
         typedef std::vector<token_t>::iterator token_list_itr_t;

         generator()
         : base_itr_(0),
           s_itr_   (0),
           s_end_   (0)
         {
            clear();
         }

         inline void clear()
         {
            base_itr_ = 0;
            s_itr_    = 0;
            s_end_    = 0;
            token_list_.clear();
            token_itr_ = token_list_.end();
            store_token_itr_ = token_list_.end();
         }

         inline bool process(const std::string& str)
         {
            base_itr_ = str.data();
            s_itr_    = str.data();
            s_end_    = str.data() + str.size();

            eof_token_.set_operator(token_t::e_eof,s_end_,s_end_,base_itr_);
            token_list_.clear();

            while (!is_end(s_itr_))
            {
               scan_token();

               if (token_list_.empty())
                  return true;
               else if (token_list_.back().is_error())
               {
                  return false;
               }
            }

            return true;
         }

         inline bool empty() const
         {
            return token_list_.empty();
         }

         inline std::size_t size() const
         {
            return token_list_.size();
         }

         inline void begin()
         {
            token_itr_ = token_list_.begin();
            store_token_itr_ = token_list_.begin();
         }

         inline void store()
         {
            store_token_itr_ = token_itr_;
         }

         inline void restore()
         {
            token_itr_ = store_token_itr_;
         }

         inline token_t& next_token()
         {
            if (token_list_.end() != token_itr_)
            {
               return *token_itr_++;
            }
            else
               return eof_token_;
         }

         inline token_t& peek_next_token()
         {
            if (token_list_.end() != token_itr_)
            {
               return *token_itr_;
            }
            else
               return eof_token_;
         }

         inline token_t& operator[](const std::size_t& index)
         {
            if (index < token_list_.size())
               return token_list_[index];
            else
               return eof_token_;
         }

         inline token_t operator[](const std::size_t& index) const
         {
            if (index < token_list_.size())
               return token_list_[index];
            else
               return eof_token_;
         }

         inline bool finished() const
         {
            return (token_list_.end() == token_itr_);
         }

         inline void insert_front(token_t::token_type tk_type)
         {
            if (
                 !token_list_.empty() &&
                 (token_list_.end() != token_itr_)
               )
            {
               token_t t = *token_itr_;

               t.type     = tk_type;
               token_itr_ = token_list_.insert(token_itr_,t);
            }
         }

         inline std::string substr(const std::size_t& begin, const std::size_t& end)
         {
            const char* begin_itr = ((base_itr_ + begin) < s_end_) ? (base_itr_ + begin) : s_end_;
            const char* end_itr   = ((base_itr_ +   end) < s_end_) ? (base_itr_ +   end) : s_end_;
            return std::string(begin_itr,end_itr);
         }

         inline std::string remaining() const
         {
            if (finished())
               return "";
            else if (token_list_.begin() != token_itr_)
               return std::string(base_itr_ + (token_itr_ - 1)->position,s_end_);
            else
               return std::string(base_itr_ + token_itr_->position,s_end_);
         }

      private:

         inline bool is_end(const char* itr)
         {
            return (s_end_ == itr);
         }

         inline void skip_whitespace()
         {
            while (!is_end(s_itr_) && details::is_whitespace(*s_itr_))
            {
               ++s_itr_;
            }
         }

         inline void skip_comments()
         {
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_comments
            // The following comment styles are supported:
            // 1. // .... \n
            // 2. #  .... \n
            // 3. /* .... */
            struct test
            {
               static inline bool comment_start(const char c0, const char c1, int& mode, int& incr)
               {
                  mode = 0;
                       if ('#' == c0)    { mode = 1; incr = 1; }
                  else if ('/' == c0)
                  {
                          if ('/' == c1) { mode = 1; incr = 2; }
                     else if ('*' == c1) { mode = 2; incr = 2; }
                  }
                  return (0 != mode);
               }

               static inline bool comment_end(const char c0, const char c1, const int mode)
               {
                  return (
                           ((1 == mode) && ('\n' == c0)) ||
                           ((2 == mode) && ( '*' == c0) && ('/' == c1))
                         );
               }
            };

            int mode = 0;
            int increment = 0;

            if (is_end(s_itr_) || is_end((s_itr_ + 1)))
               return;
            else if (!test::comment_start(*s_itr_,*(s_itr_ + 1),mode,increment))
               return;

            s_itr_ += increment;

            while (!is_end(s_itr_) && !test::comment_end(*s_itr_,*(s_itr_ + 1),mode))
            {
               ++s_itr_;
            }

            if (!is_end(s_itr_))
            {
               s_itr_ += mode;
               skip_whitespace();
               skip_comments();
            }
            #endif
         }

         inline void scan_token()
         {
            skip_whitespace();
            skip_comments();
            if (is_end(s_itr_))
            {
               return;
            }
            else if (details::is_operator_char(*s_itr_))
            {
               scan_operator();
               return;
            }
            else if (details::is_letter(*s_itr_))
            {
               scan_symbol();
               return;
            }
            else if (details::is_digit((*s_itr_)) || ('.' == (*s_itr_)))
            {
               scan_number();
               return;
            }
            else if ('$' == (*s_itr_))
            {
               scan_special_function();
               return;
            }
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            else if ('\'' == (*s_itr_))
            {
               scan_string();
               return;
            }
            #endif
            else if ('~' == (*s_itr_))
            {
               token_t t;
               t.set_symbol(s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);
               token_list_.push_back(t);
               ++s_itr_;
               return;
            }
            else
            {
               token_t t;
               t.set_error(token::e_error,s_itr_,s_itr_ + 2,base_itr_);
               token_list_.push_back(t);
               ++s_itr_;
            }
         }

         inline void scan_operator()
         {
            token_t t;

            const char c0 = s_itr_[0];

            if (!is_end(s_itr_ + 1))
            {
               const char c1 = s_itr_[1];

               if (!is_end(s_itr_ + 2))
               {
                  const char c2 = s_itr_[2];

                  if ((c0 == '<') && (c1 == '=') && (c2 == '>'))
                  {
                     t.set_operator(token_t::e_swap,s_itr_,s_itr_ + 3,base_itr_);
                     token_list_.push_back(t);
                     s_itr_ += 3;
                     return;
                  }
               }

               token_t::token_type ttype = token_t::e_none;

                    if ((c0 == '<') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_lte;
               else if ((c0 == '>') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_gte;
               else if ((c0 == '<') && (c1 == '>')) ttype = token_t::e_ne;
               else if ((c0 == '!') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_ne;
               else if ((c0 == '=') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_eq;
               else if ((c0 == ':') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_assign;
               else if ((c0 == '<') && (c1 == '<')) ttype = token_t::e_shl;
               else if ((c0 == '>') && (c1 == '>')) ttype = token_t::e_shr;
               else if ((c0 == '+') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_addass;
               else if ((c0 == '-') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_subass;
               else if ((c0 == '*') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_mulass;
               else if ((c0 == '/') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_divass;
               else if ((c0 == '%') && (c1 == '=')) ttype = token_t::e_modass;

               if (token_t::e_none != ttype)
               {
                  t.set_operator(ttype,s_itr_,s_itr_ + 2,base_itr_);
                  token_list_.push_back(t);
                  s_itr_ += 2;
                  return;
               }
            }

            if ('<' == c0)
               t.set_operator(token_t::e_lt ,s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);
            else if ('>' == c0)
               t.set_operator(token_t::e_gt ,s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);
            else if (';' == c0)
               t.set_operator(token_t::e_eof,s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);
            else if ('&' == c0)
               t.set_symbol(s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);
            else if ('|' == c0)
               t.set_symbol(s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);
            else
               t.set_operator(token_t::token_type(c0),s_itr_,s_itr_ + 1,base_itr_);

            token_list_.push_back(t);
            ++s_itr_;
         }

         inline void scan_symbol()
         {
            const char* initial_itr = s_itr_;

            while (
                    (!is_end(s_itr_)) &&
                    (details::is_letter_or_digit(*s_itr_) || ((*s_itr_) == '_'))
                  )
            {
               ++s_itr_;
            }

            token_t t;
            t.set_symbol(initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
            token_list_.push_back(t);
         }

         inline void scan_number()
         {
            /*
               Attempt to match a valid numeric value in one of the following formats:
               1. 123456
               2. 123.456
               3. 123.456e3
               4. 123.456E3
               5. 123.456e+3
               6. 123.456E+3
               7. 123.456e-3
               8. 123.456E-3
            */
            const char* initial_itr = s_itr_;
            bool dot_found         = false;
            bool e_found           = false;
            bool post_e_sign_found = false;
            token_t t;

            while (!is_end(s_itr_))
            {
               if ('.' == (*s_itr_))
               {
                  if (dot_found)
                  {
                     t.set_error(token::e_err_number,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
                     token_list_.push_back(t);
                     return;
                  }

                  dot_found = true;
                  ++s_itr_;

                  continue;
               }
               else if (details::imatch('e',(*s_itr_)))
               {
                  const char& c = *(s_itr_ + 1);

                  if (is_end(s_itr_ + 1))
                  {
                     t.set_error(token::e_err_number,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
                     token_list_.push_back(t);

                     return;
                  }
                  else if (
                            ('+' != c) &&
                            ('-' != c) &&
                            !details::is_digit(c)
                          )
                  {
                     t.set_error(token::e_err_number,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
                     token_list_.push_back(t);

                     return;
                  }

                  e_found = true;
                  ++s_itr_;

                  continue;
               }
               else if (e_found && details::is_sign(*s_itr_))
               {
                  if (post_e_sign_found)
                  {
                     t.set_error(token::e_err_number,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
                     token_list_.push_back(t);

                     return;
                  }

                  post_e_sign_found = true;
                  ++s_itr_;

                  continue;
               }
               else if (('.' != (*s_itr_)) && !details::is_digit(*s_itr_))
                  break;
               else
                  ++s_itr_;
            }

            t.set_numeric(initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
            token_list_.push_back(t);

            return;
         }

         inline void scan_special_function()
         {
            const char* initial_itr = s_itr_;
            token_t t;

            // $fdd(x,x,x) = at least 11 chars
            if (std::distance(s_itr_,s_end_) < 11)
            {
               t.set_error(token::e_err_sfunc,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
               token_list_.push_back(t);

               return;
            }

            if (
                 !(('$' == *s_itr_)                       &&
                   (details::imatch  ('f',*(s_itr_ + 1))) &&
                   (details::is_digit(*(s_itr_ + 2)))     &&
                   (details::is_digit(*(s_itr_ + 3))))
               )
            {
               t.set_error(token::e_err_sfunc,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
               token_list_.push_back(t);

               return;
            }

            s_itr_ += 4; // $fdd = 4chars

            t.set_symbol(initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
            token_list_.push_back(t);

            return;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline void scan_string()
         {
            const char* initial_itr = s_itr_ + 1;
            token_t t;

            if (std::distance(s_itr_,s_end_) < 2)
            {
               t.set_error(token::e_err_string,s_itr_,s_end_,base_itr_);
               token_list_.push_back(t);
               return;
            }

            ++s_itr_;

            bool escaped_found = false;
            bool escaped = false;

            while (!is_end(s_itr_))
            {
               if ('\\' == *s_itr_)
               {
                  escaped_found = true;
                  escaped = true;
                  ++s_itr_;

                  continue;
               }
               else if (!escaped)
               {
                  if ('\'' == *s_itr_)
                     break;
               }
               else if (escaped)
               {
                  if (!is_end(s_itr_) && ('0' == *(s_itr_)))
                  {
                     /*
                        Note: The following 'awkward' conditional is
                              due to various broken msvc compilers.
                     */
                     #if _MSC_VER == 1600
                     const bool within_range = !is_end(s_itr_ + 2) &&
                                               !is_end(s_itr_ + 3) ;
                     #else
                     const bool within_range = !is_end(s_itr_ + 1) &&
                                               !is_end(s_itr_ + 2) &&
                                               !is_end(s_itr_ + 3) ;
                     #endif

                     const bool x_seperator  = ('x' == *(s_itr_ + 1)) ||
                                               ('X' == *(s_itr_ + 1)) ;

                     const bool both_digits  = details::is_hex_digit(*(s_itr_ + 2)) &&
                                               details::is_hex_digit(*(s_itr_ + 3)) ;

                     if (!within_range || !x_seperator || !both_digits)
                     {
                        t.set_error(token::e_err_string,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
                        token_list_.push_back(t);

                        return;
                     }
                     else
                        s_itr_ += 3;
                  }

                  escaped = false;
               }

               ++s_itr_;
            }

            if (is_end(s_itr_))
            {
               t.set_error(token::e_err_string,initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
               token_list_.push_back(t);

               return;
            }

            if (!escaped_found)
               t.set_string(initial_itr,s_itr_,base_itr_);
            else
            {
               std::string parsed_string(initial_itr,s_itr_);
               details::cleanup_escapes(parsed_string);
               t.set_string(parsed_string, std::distance(base_itr_,initial_itr));
            }

            token_list_.push_back(t);
            ++s_itr_;

            return;
         }
         #endif

      private:

         token_list_t     token_list_;
         token_list_itr_t token_itr_;
         token_list_itr_t store_token_itr_;
         token_t eof_token_;
         const char* base_itr_;
         const char* s_itr_;
         const char* s_end_;

         friend class token_scanner;
         friend class token_modifier;
         friend class token_inserter;
         friend class token_joiner;
      };

      class helper_interface
      {
      public:

         virtual void init()                     {              }
         virtual void reset()                    {              }
         virtual bool result()                   { return true; }
         virtual std::size_t process(generator&) { return 0;    }
         virtual ~helper_interface()             {              }
      };

      class token_scanner : public helper_interface
      {
      public:

         virtual ~token_scanner()
         {}

         explicit token_scanner(const std::size_t& stride)
         : stride_(stride)
         {
            if (stride > 4)
            {
               throw std::invalid_argument("token_scanner() - Invalid stride value");
            }
         }

         inline std::size_t process(generator& g)
         {
            if (g.token_list_.size() >= stride_)
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (g.token_list_.size() - stride_ + 1); ++i)
               {
                  token t;

                  switch (stride_)
                  {
                     case 1 :
                              {
                                 const token& t0 = g.token_list_[i];

                                 if (!operator()(t0))
                                 {
                                    return i;
                                 }
                              }
                              break;

                     case 2 :
                              {
                                 const token& t0 = g.token_list_[i    ];
                                 const token& t1 = g.token_list_[i + 1];

                                 if (!operator()(t0,t1))
                                 {
                                    return i;
                                 }
                              }
                              break;

                     case 3 :
                              {
                                 const token& t0 = g.token_list_[i    ];
                                 const token& t1 = g.token_list_[i + 1];
                                 const token& t2 = g.token_list_[i + 2];

                                 if (!operator()(t0,t1,t2))
                                 {
                                    return i;
                                 }
                              }
                              break;

                     case 4 :
                              {
                                 const token& t0 = g.token_list_[i    ];
                                 const token& t1 = g.token_list_[i + 1];
                                 const token& t2 = g.token_list_[i + 2];
                                 const token& t3 = g.token_list_[i + 3];

                                 if (!operator()(t0,t1,t2,t3))
                                 {
                                    return i;
                                 }
                              }
                              break;
                  }
               }
            }

            return (g.token_list_.size() - stride_ + 1);
         }

         virtual bool operator()(const token&)
         {
            return false;
         }

         virtual bool operator()(const token&, const token&)
         {
            return false;
         }

         virtual bool operator()(const token&, const token&, const token&)
         {
            return false;
         }

         virtual bool operator()(const token&, const token&, const token&, const token&)
         {
            return false;
         }

      private:

         std::size_t stride_;
      };

      class token_modifier : public helper_interface
      {
      public:

         inline std::size_t process(generator& g)
         {
            std::size_t changes = 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < g.token_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (modify(g.token_list_[i])) changes++;
            }

            return changes;
         }

         virtual bool modify(token& t) = 0;
      };

      class token_inserter : public helper_interface
      {
      public:

         explicit token_inserter(const std::size_t& stride)
         : stride_(stride)
         {
            if (stride > 5)
            {
               throw std::invalid_argument("token_inserter() - Invalid stride value");
            }
         }

         inline std::size_t process(generator& g)
         {
            if (g.token_list_.empty())
               return 0;
            else if (g.token_list_.size() < stride_)
               return 0;

            std::size_t changes = 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (g.token_list_.size() - stride_ + 1); ++i)
            {
               int insert_index = -1;
               token t;

               switch (stride_)
               {
                  case 1 : insert_index = insert(g.token_list_[i],t);
                           break;

                  case 2 : insert_index = insert(g.token_list_[i],g.token_list_[i + 1],t);
                           break;

                  case 3 : insert_index = insert(g.token_list_[i],g.token_list_[i + 1],g.token_list_[i + 2],t);
                           break;

                  case 4 : insert_index = insert(g.token_list_[i],g.token_list_[i + 1],g.token_list_[i + 2],g.token_list_[i + 3],t);
                           break;

                  case 5 : insert_index = insert(g.token_list_[i],g.token_list_[i + 1],g.token_list_[i + 2],g.token_list_[i + 3],g.token_list_[i + 4],t);
                           break;
               }

               if ((insert_index >= 0) && (insert_index <= (static_cast<int>(stride_) + 1)))
               {
                  g.token_list_.insert(g.token_list_.begin() + (i + insert_index),t);
                  changes++;
               }
            }

            return changes;
         }

         inline virtual int insert(const token&, token& )
         {
            return -1;
         }

         inline virtual int insert(const token&, const token&, token&)
         {
            return -1;
         }

         inline virtual int insert(const token&, const token&, const token&, token&)
         {
            return -1;
         }

         inline virtual int insert(const token&, const token&, const token&, const token&, token&)
         {
            return -1;
         }

         inline virtual int insert(const token&, const token&, const token&, const token&, const token&, token&)
         {
            return -1;
         }

      private:

         std::size_t stride_;
      };

      class token_joiner : public helper_interface
      {
      public:

         token_joiner(const std::size_t& stride)
         : stride_(stride)
         {}

         inline std::size_t process(generator& g)
         {
            if (g.token_list_.empty())
               return 0;

            switch (stride_)
            {
               case 2  : return process_stride_2(g);
               case 3  : return process_stride_3(g);
               default : return 0;
            }
         }

         virtual bool join(const token&, const token&, token&) { return false; }
         virtual bool join(const token&, const token&, const token&, token&) { return false; }

      private:

         inline std::size_t process_stride_2(generator& g)
         {
            if (g.token_list_.size() < 2)
               return 0;

            std::size_t changes = 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < g.token_list_.size() - 1; ++i)
            {
               token t;

               while (join(g.token_list_[i],g.token_list_[i + 1],t))
               {
                  g.token_list_[i] = t;
                  g.token_list_.erase(g.token_list_.begin() + (i + 1));
                  ++changes;
               }
            }

            return changes;
         }

         inline std::size_t process_stride_3(generator& g)
         {
            if (g.token_list_.size() < 3)
               return 0;

            std::size_t changes = 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < g.token_list_.size() - 2; ++i)
            {
               token t;

               while (join(g.token_list_[i],g.token_list_[i + 1],g.token_list_[i + 2],t))
               {
                  g.token_list_[i] = t;
                  g.token_list_.erase(g.token_list_.begin() + (i + 1),
                                      g.token_list_.begin() + (i + 3));
                  ++changes;
               }
            }

            return changes;
         }

         std::size_t stride_;
      };

      namespace helper
      {

         inline void dump(lexer::generator& generator)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < generator.size(); ++i)
            {
               lexer::token t = generator[i];
               printf("Token[%02d] @ %03d  %6s  -->  '%s'\n",
                      static_cast<int>(i),
                      static_cast<int>(t.position),
                      t.to_str(t.type).c_str(),
                      t.value.c_str());
            }
         }

         class commutative_inserter : public lexer::token_inserter
         {
         public:

            commutative_inserter()
            : lexer::token_inserter(2)
            {}

            inline void ignore_symbol(const std::string& symbol)
            {
               ignore_set_.insert(symbol);
            }

            inline int insert(const lexer::token& t0, const lexer::token& t1, lexer::token& new_token)
            {
               bool match         = false;
               new_token.type     = lexer::token::e_mul;
               new_token.value    = "*";
               new_token.position = t1.position;

               if (t0.type == lexer::token::e_symbol)
               {
                  if (ignore_set_.end() != ignore_set_.find(t0.value))
                  {
                     return -1;
                  }
                  else if (!t0.value.empty() && ('$' == t0.value[0]))
                  {
                     return -1;
                  }
               }

               if (t1.type == lexer::token::e_symbol)
               {
                  if (ignore_set_.end() != ignore_set_.find(t1.value))
                  {
                     return -1;
                  }
               }
                    if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_number     ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_symbol     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_number     ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_lbracket   )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_number     ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_lcrlbracket)) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_number     ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_lsqrbracket)) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_symbol     ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_number     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_rbracket   ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_number     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_rcrlbracket) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_number     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_rsqrbracket) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_number     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_rbracket   ) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_symbol     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_rcrlbracket) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_symbol     )) match = true;
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_rsqrbracket) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_symbol     )) match = true;

               return (match) ? 1 : -1;
            }

         private:

            std::set<std::string,details::ilesscompare> ignore_set_;
         };

         class operator_joiner : public token_joiner
         {
         public:

            operator_joiner(const std::size_t& stride)
            : token_joiner(stride)
            {}

            inline bool join(const lexer::token& t0, const lexer::token& t1, lexer::token& t)
            {
               // ': =' --> ':='
               if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_colon) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_assign;
                  t.value    = ":=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '+ =' --> '+='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_add) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_addass;
                  t.value    = "+=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '- =' --> '-='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_sub) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_subass;
                  t.value    = "-=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '* =' --> '*='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_mul) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_mulass;
                  t.value    = "*=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '/ =' --> '/='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_div) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_divass;
                  t.value    = "/=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '% =' --> '%='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_mod) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_modass;
                  t.value    = "%=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '> =' --> '>='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_gt) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_gte;
                  t.value    = ">=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '< =' --> '<='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_lt) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_lte;
                  t.value    = "<=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '= =' --> '=='
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_eq) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_eq;
                  t.value    = "==";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '! =' --> '!='
               else if ((static_cast<char>(t0.type) == '!') && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_eq))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_ne;
                  t.value    = "!=";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '< >' --> '<>'
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_lt) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_gt))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_ne;
                  t.value    = "<>";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               // '<= >' --> '<=>'
               else if ((t0.type == lexer::token::e_lte) && (t1.type == lexer::token::e_gt))
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_swap;
                  t.value    = "<=>";
                  t.position = t0.position;
                  return true;
               }
               else
                  return false;
            }

            inline bool join(const lexer::token& t0, const lexer::token& t1, const lexer::token& t2, lexer::token& t)
            {
               // '[ * ]' --> '[*]'
               if (
                    (t0.type == lexer::token::e_lsqrbracket) &&
                    (t1.type == lexer::token::e_mul        ) &&
                    (t2.type == lexer::token::e_rsqrbracket)
                  )
               {
                  t.type     = lexer::token::e_symbol;
                  t.value    = "[*]";
                  t.position = t0.position;

                  return true;
               }
               else
                  return false;
            }
         };

         class bracket_checker : public lexer::token_scanner
         {
         public:

            bracket_checker()
            : token_scanner(1),
              state_(true)
            {}

            bool result()
            {
               if (!stack_.empty())
               {
                  lexer::token t;
                  t.value      = stack_.top().first;
                  t.position   = stack_.top().second;
                  error_token_ = t;
                  state_       = false;

                  return false;
               }
               else
                  return state_;
            }

            lexer::token error_token()
            {
               return error_token_;
            }

            void reset()
            {
               // Why? because msvc doesn't support swap properly.
               stack_ = std::stack<std::pair<char,std::size_t> >();
               state_ = true;
               error_token_.clear();
            }

            bool operator()(const lexer::token& t)
            {
               if (
                    !t.value.empty()                       &&
                    (lexer::token::e_string != t.type)     &&
                    (lexer::token::e_symbol != t.type)     &&
                    exprtk::details::is_bracket(t.value[0])
                  )
               {
                  char c = t.value[0];

                       if (t.type == lexer::token::e_lbracket)    stack_.push(std::make_pair(')',t.position));
                  else if (t.type == lexer::token::e_lcrlbracket) stack_.push(std::make_pair('}',t.position));
                  else if (t.type == lexer::token::e_lsqrbracket) stack_.push(std::make_pair(']',t.position));
                  else if (exprtk::details::is_right_bracket(c))
                  {
                     if (stack_.empty())
                     {
                        state_ = false;
                        error_token_ = t;

                        return false;
                     }
                     else if (c != stack_.top().first)
                     {
                        state_ = false;
                        error_token_ = t;

                        return false;
                     }
                     else
                        stack_.pop();
                  }
               }

               return true;
            }

         private:

            bool state_;
            std::stack<std::pair<char,std::size_t> > stack_;
            lexer::token error_token_;
         };

         class numeric_checker : public lexer::token_scanner
         {
         public:

            numeric_checker()
            : token_scanner (1),
              current_index_(0)
            {}

            bool result()
            {
               return error_list_.empty();
            }

            void reset()
            {
               error_list_.clear();
               current_index_ = 0;
            }

            bool operator()(const lexer::token& t)
            {
               if (token::e_number == t.type)
               {
                  double v;

                  if (!exprtk::details::string_to_real(t.value,v))
                  {
                     error_list_.push_back(current_index_);
                  }
               }

               ++current_index_;

               return true;
            }

            std::size_t error_count() const
            {
               return error_list_.size();
            }

            std::size_t error_index(const std::size_t& i)
            {
               if (i < error_list_.size())
                  return error_list_[i];
               else
                  return std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
            }

            void clear_errors()
            {
               error_list_.clear();
            }

         private:

            std::size_t current_index_;
            std::vector<std::size_t> error_list_;
         };

         class symbol_replacer : public lexer::token_modifier
         {
         private:

            typedef std::map<std::string,std::pair<std::string,token::token_type>,details::ilesscompare> replace_map_t;

         public:

            bool remove(const std::string& target_symbol)
            {
               replace_map_t::iterator itr = replace_map_.find(target_symbol);

               if (replace_map_.end() == itr)
                  return false;

               replace_map_.erase(itr);

               return true;
            }

            bool add_replace(const std::string& target_symbol,
                             const std::string& replace_symbol,
                             const lexer::token::token_type token_type = lexer::token::e_symbol)
            {
               replace_map_t::iterator itr = replace_map_.find(target_symbol);

               if (replace_map_.end() != itr)
               {
                  return false;
               }

               replace_map_[target_symbol] = std::make_pair(replace_symbol,token_type);

               return true;
            }

            void clear()
            {
               replace_map_.clear();
            }

         private:

            bool modify(lexer::token& t)
            {
               if (lexer::token::e_symbol == t.type)
               {
                  if (replace_map_.empty())
                     return false;

                  replace_map_t::iterator itr = replace_map_.find(t.value);

                  if (replace_map_.end() != itr)
                  {
                     t.value = itr->second.first;
                     t.type  = itr->second.second;

                     return true;
                  }
               }

               return false;
            }

            replace_map_t replace_map_;
         };

         class sequence_validator : public lexer::token_scanner
         {
         private:

            typedef std::pair<lexer::token::token_type,lexer::token::token_type> token_pair_t;
            typedef std::set<token_pair_t> set_t;

         public:

            sequence_validator()
            : lexer::token_scanner(2)
            {
               add_invalid(lexer::token::e_number ,lexer::token::e_number );
               add_invalid(lexer::token::e_string ,lexer::token::e_string );
               add_invalid(lexer::token::e_number ,lexer::token::e_string );
               add_invalid(lexer::token::e_string ,lexer::token::e_number );
               add_invalid(lexer::token::e_string ,lexer::token::e_ternary);
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_assign );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_shr    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_shl    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_lte    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_ne     );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_gte    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_lt     );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_gt     );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_eq     );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_comma  );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_add    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_sub    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_div    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_mul    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_mod    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_pow    );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_colon  );
               add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::e_ternary);
            }

            bool result()
            {
               return error_list_.empty();
            }

            bool operator()(const lexer::token& t0, const lexer::token& t1)
            {
               set_t::value_type p = std::make_pair(t0.type,t1.type);

               if (invalid_bracket_check(t0.type,t1.type))
               {
                  error_list_.push_back(std::make_pair(t0,t1));
               }
               else if (invalid_comb_.find(p) != invalid_comb_.end())
               {
                  error_list_.push_back(std::make_pair(t0,t1));
               }

               return true;
            }

            std::size_t error_count()
            {
               return error_list_.size();
            }

            std::pair<lexer::token,lexer::token> error(const std::size_t index)
            {
               if (index < error_list_.size())
               {
                  return error_list_[index];
               }
               else
               {
                  static const lexer::token error_token;
                  return std::make_pair(error_token,error_token);
               }
            }

            void clear_errors()
            {
               error_list_.clear();
            }

         private:

            void add_invalid(lexer::token::token_type base, lexer::token::token_type t)
            {
               invalid_comb_.insert(std::make_pair(base,t));
            }

            void add_invalid_set1(lexer::token::token_type t)
            {
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_assign);
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_shr   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_shl   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_lte   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_ne    );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_gte   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_lt    );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_gt    );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_eq    );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_comma );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_div   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_mul   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_mod   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_pow   );
               add_invalid(t,lexer::token::e_colon );
            }

            bool invalid_bracket_check(lexer::token::token_type base, lexer::token::token_type t)
            {
               if (details::is_right_bracket(static_cast<char>(base)))
               {
                  switch (t)
                  {
                     case lexer::token::e_assign : return (']' != base);
                     case lexer::token::e_string : return true;
                     default                     : return false;
                  }
               }
               else if (details::is_left_bracket(static_cast<char>(base)))
               {
                  if (details::is_right_bracket(static_cast<char>(t)))
                     return false;
                  else if (details::is_left_bracket(static_cast<char>(t)))
                     return false;
                  else
                  {
                     switch (t)
                     {
                        case lexer::token::e_number  : return false;
                        case lexer::token::e_symbol  : return false;
                        case lexer::token::e_string  : return false;
                        case lexer::token::e_add     : return false;
                        case lexer::token::e_sub     : return false;
                        case lexer::token::e_colon   : return false;
                        case lexer::token::e_ternary : return false;
                        default                      : return true;
                     }
                  }
               }
               else if (details::is_right_bracket(static_cast<char>(t)))
               {
                  switch (base)
                  {
                     case lexer::token::e_number  : return false;
                     case lexer::token::e_symbol  : return false;
                     case lexer::token::e_string  : return false;
                     case lexer::token::e_eof     : return false;
                     case lexer::token::e_colon   : return false;
                     case lexer::token::e_ternary : return false;
                     default                      : return true;
                  }
               }
               else if (details::is_left_bracket(static_cast<char>(t)))
               {
                  switch (base)
                  {
                     case lexer::token::e_rbracket    : return true;
                     case lexer::token::e_rsqrbracket : return true;
                     case lexer::token::e_rcrlbracket : return true;
                     default                          : return false;
                  }
               }

               return false;
            }

            set_t invalid_comb_;
            std::vector<std::pair<lexer::token,lexer::token> > error_list_;
         };

         struct helper_assembly
         {
            inline bool register_scanner(lexer::token_scanner* scanner)
            {
               if (token_scanner_list.end() != std::find(token_scanner_list.begin(),
                                                         token_scanner_list.end(),
                                                         scanner))
               {
                  return false;
               }

               token_scanner_list.push_back(scanner);
               return true;
            }

            inline bool register_modifier(lexer::token_modifier* modifier)
            {
               if (token_modifier_list.end() != std::find(token_modifier_list.begin(),
                                                          token_modifier_list.end(),
                                                          modifier))
               {
                  return false;
               }

               token_modifier_list.push_back(modifier);
               return true;
            }

            inline bool register_joiner(lexer::token_joiner* joiner)
            {
               if (token_joiner_list.end() != std::find(token_joiner_list.begin(),
                                                        token_joiner_list.end(),
                                                        joiner))
               {
                  return false;
               }

               token_joiner_list.push_back(joiner);
               return true;
            }

            inline bool register_inserter(lexer::token_inserter* inserter)
            {
               if (token_inserter_list.end() != std::find(token_inserter_list.begin(),
                                                          token_inserter_list.end(),
                                                          inserter))
               {
                  return false;
               }

               token_inserter_list.push_back(inserter);
               return true;
            }

            inline bool run_modifiers(lexer::generator& g)
            {
               error_token_modifier = reinterpret_cast<lexer::token_modifier*>(0);
               bool result = true;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < token_modifier_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  lexer::token_modifier& modifier = (*token_modifier_list[i]);

                  modifier.reset();
                  modifier.process(g);

                  if (!modifier.result())
                  {
                     error_token_modifier = token_modifier_list[i];
                     return false;
                  }
               }

               return result;
            }

            inline bool run_joiners(lexer::generator& g)
            {
               error_token_joiner = reinterpret_cast<lexer::token_joiner*>(0);
               bool result = true;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < token_joiner_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  lexer::token_joiner& joiner = (*token_joiner_list[i]);

                  joiner.reset();
                  joiner.process(g);

                  if (!joiner.result())
                  {
                     error_token_joiner = token_joiner_list[i];
                     return false;
                  }
               }

               return result;
            }

            inline bool run_inserters(lexer::generator& g)
            {
               error_token_inserter = reinterpret_cast<lexer::token_inserter*>(0);
               bool result = true;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < token_inserter_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  lexer::token_inserter& inserter = (*token_inserter_list[i]);

                  inserter.reset();
                  inserter.process(g);

                  if (!inserter.result())
                  {
                     error_token_inserter = token_inserter_list[i];
                     return false;
                  }
               }

               return result;
            }

            inline bool run_scanners(lexer::generator& g)
            {
               error_token_scanner = reinterpret_cast<lexer::token_scanner*>(0);
               bool result = true;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < token_scanner_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  lexer::token_scanner& scanner = (*token_scanner_list[i]);

                  scanner.reset();
                  scanner.process(g);

                  if (!scanner.result())
                  {
                     error_token_scanner = token_scanner_list[i];
                     return false;
                  }
               }

               return result;
            }

            std::vector<lexer::token_scanner*>  token_scanner_list;
            std::vector<lexer::token_modifier*> token_modifier_list;
            std::vector<lexer::token_joiner*>   token_joiner_list;
            std::vector<lexer::token_inserter*> token_inserter_list;

            lexer::token_scanner*  error_token_scanner;
            lexer::token_modifier* error_token_modifier;
            lexer::token_joiner*   error_token_joiner;
            lexer::token_inserter* error_token_inserter;
         };
      }

      class parser_helper
      {
      public:

         typedef token         token_t;
         typedef generator generator_t;

         inline bool init(const std::string& str)
         {
            if (!lexer_.process(str))
            {
               return false;
            }

            lexer_.begin();

            next_token();

            return true;
         }

         inline generator_t& lexer()
         {
            return lexer_;
         }

         inline const generator_t& lexer() const
         {
            return lexer_;
         }

         inline void store_token()
         {
            lexer_.store();
            store_current_token_ = current_token_;
         }

         inline void restore_token()
         {
            lexer_.restore();
            current_token_ = store_current_token_;
         }

         inline void next_token()
         {
            current_token_ = lexer_.next_token();
         }

         inline const token_t& current_token() const
         {
            return current_token_;
         }

         inline bool token_is(const token_t::token_type& ttype, const bool advance_token = true)
         {
            if (current_token().type != ttype)
            {
               return false;
            }

            if (advance_token)
            {
               next_token();
            }

            return true;
         }

         inline bool token_is(const token_t::token_type& ttype,
                              const std::string& value,
                              const bool advance_token = true)
         {
            if (
                 (current_token().type != ttype) ||
                 !exprtk::details::imatch(value,current_token().value)
               )
            {
               return false;
            }

            if (advance_token)
            {
               next_token();
            }

            return true;
         }

         inline bool token_is_then_assign(const token_t::token_type& ttype,
                                          std::string& token,
                                          const bool advance_token = true)
         {
            if (current_token_.type != ttype)
            {
               return false;
            }

            token = current_token_.value;

            if (advance_token)
            {
               next_token();
            }

            return true;
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Container>
         inline bool token_is_then_assign(const token_t::token_type& ttype,
                                          Container<std::string,Allocator>& token_list,
                                          const bool advance_token = true)
         {
            if (current_token_.type != ttype)
            {
               return false;
            }

            token_list.push_back(current_token_.value);

            if (advance_token)
            {
               next_token();
            }

            return true;
         }

         inline bool peek_token_is(const token_t::token_type& ttype)
         {
            return (lexer_.peek_next_token().type == ttype);
         }

         inline bool peek_token_is(const std::string& s)
         {
            return (exprtk::details::imatch(lexer_.peek_next_token().value,s));
         }

      private:

         generator_t lexer_;
         token_t     current_token_;
         token_t     store_current_token_;
      };
   }

   template <typename T> class results_context;

   template <typename T>
   struct type_store
   {
      enum store_type
      {
         e_unknown,
         e_scalar,
         e_vector,
         e_string
      };

      type_store()
      : size(0),
        data(0),
        type(e_unknown)
      {}

      std::size_t size;
      void*       data;
      store_type  type;

      class parameter_list
      {
      public:

         parameter_list(std::vector<type_store>& pl)
         : parameter_list_(pl)
         {}

         inline bool empty() const
         {
            return parameter_list_.empty();
         }

         inline std::size_t size() const
         {
            return parameter_list_.size();
         }

         inline type_store& operator[](const std::size_t& index)
         {
            return parameter_list_[index];
         }

         inline const type_store& operator[](const std::size_t& index) const
         {
            return parameter_list_[index];
         }

         inline type_store& front()
         {
            return parameter_list_[0];
         }

         inline const type_store& front() const
         {
            return parameter_list_[0];
         }

         inline type_store& back()
         {
            return parameter_list_.back();
         }

         inline const type_store& back() const
         {
            return parameter_list_.back();
         }

      private:

         std::vector<type_store>& parameter_list_;

         friend class results_context<T>;
      };

      template <typename ViewType>
      struct type_view
      {
         typedef type_store<T> type_store_t;
         typedef ViewType      value_t;

         type_view(type_store_t& ts)
         : ts_(ts),
           data_(reinterpret_cast<value_t*>(ts_.data))
         {}

         inline std::size_t size() const
         {
            return ts_.size;
         }

         inline value_t& operator[](const std::size_t& i)
         {
            return data_[i];
         }

         inline const value_t& operator[](const std::size_t& i) const
         {
            return data_[i];
         }

         inline const value_t* begin() const { return data_; }
         inline       value_t* begin()       { return data_; }

         inline const value_t* end() const
         {
            return static_cast<value_t*>(data_ + ts_.size);
         }

         inline value_t* end()
         {
            return static_cast<value_t*>(data_ + ts_.size);
         }

         type_store_t& ts_;
         value_t* data_;
      };

      typedef type_view<T>    vector_view;
      typedef type_view<char> string_view;

      struct scalar_view
      {
         typedef type_store<T> type_store_t;
         typedef T value_t;

         scalar_view(type_store_t& ts)
         : v_(*reinterpret_cast<value_t*>(ts.data))
         {}

         scalar_view(const type_store_t& ts)
         : v_(*reinterpret_cast<value_t*>(const_cast<type_store_t&>(ts).data))
         {}

         value_t& operator()()
         {
            return v_;
         }

         const value_t& operator()() const
         {
            return v_;
         }

         T& v_;
      };
   };

   template <typename StringView>
   inline std::string to_str(const StringView& view)
   {
      return std::string(view.begin(),view.size());
   }

   namespace details
   {
      template <typename T> class return_node;
      template <typename T> class return_envelope_node;
   }

   template <typename T>
   class results_context
   {
   public:

      typedef type_store<T> type_store_t;

      results_context()
      : results_available_(false)
      {}

      inline std::size_t count() const
      {
         if (results_available_)
            return parameter_list_.size();
         else
            return 0;
      }

      inline type_store_t& operator[](const std::size_t& index)
      {
         return parameter_list_[index];
      }

      inline const type_store_t& operator[](const std::size_t& index) const
      {
         return parameter_list_[index];
      }

   private:

      inline void clear()
      {
         results_available_ = false;
      }

      typedef std::vector<type_store_t> ts_list_t;
      typedef typename type_store_t::parameter_list parameter_list_t;

      inline void assign(const parameter_list_t& pl)
      {
         parameter_list_    = pl.parameter_list_;
         results_available_ = true;
      }

      bool results_available_;
      ts_list_t parameter_list_;

      friend class details::return_node<T>;
      friend class details::return_envelope_node<T>;
   };

   namespace details
   {
      enum operator_type
      {
         e_default , e_null    , e_add     , e_sub     ,
         e_mul     , e_div     , e_mod     , e_pow     ,
         e_atan2   , e_min     , e_max     , e_avg     ,
         e_sum     , e_prod    , e_lt      , e_lte     ,
         e_eq      , e_equal   , e_ne      , e_nequal  ,
         e_gte     , e_gt      , e_and     , e_nand    ,
         e_or      , e_nor     , e_xor     , e_xnor    ,
         e_mand    , e_mor     , e_scand   , e_scor    ,
         e_shr     , e_shl     , e_abs     , e_acos    ,
         e_acosh   , e_asin    , e_asinh   , e_atan    ,
         e_atanh   , e_ceil    , e_cos     , e_cosh    ,
         e_exp     , e_expm1   , e_floor   , e_log     ,
         e_log10   , e_log2    , e_log1p   , e_logn    ,
         e_neg     , e_pos     , e_round   , e_roundn  ,
         e_root    , e_sqrt    , e_sin     , e_sinc    ,
         e_sinh    , e_sec     , e_csc     , e_tan     ,
         e_tanh    , e_cot     , e_clamp   , e_iclamp  ,
         e_inrange , e_sgn     , e_r2d     , e_d2r     ,
         e_d2g     , e_g2d     , e_hypot   , e_notl    ,
         e_erf     , e_erfc    , e_ncdf    , e_frac    ,
         e_trunc   , e_assign  , e_addass  , e_subass  ,
         e_mulass  , e_divass  , e_modass  , e_in      ,
         e_like    , e_ilike   , e_multi   , e_swap    ,

         // Do not add new functions/operators after this point.
         e_sf00 = 1000, e_sf01 = 1001, e_sf02 = 1002, e_sf03 = 1003,
         e_sf04 = 1004, e_sf05 = 1005, e_sf06 = 1006, e_sf07 = 1007,
         e_sf08 = 1008, e_sf09 = 1009, e_sf10 = 1010, e_sf11 = 1011,
         e_sf12 = 1012, e_sf13 = 1013, e_sf14 = 1014, e_sf15 = 1015,
         e_sf16 = 1016, e_sf17 = 1017, e_sf18 = 1018, e_sf19 = 1019,
         e_sf20 = 1020, e_sf21 = 1021, e_sf22 = 1022, e_sf23 = 1023,
         e_sf24 = 1024, e_sf25 = 1025, e_sf26 = 1026, e_sf27 = 1027,
         e_sf28 = 1028, e_sf29 = 1029, e_sf30 = 1030, e_sf31 = 1031,
         e_sf32 = 1032, e_sf33 = 1033, e_sf34 = 1034, e_sf35 = 1035,
         e_sf36 = 1036, e_sf37 = 1037, e_sf38 = 1038, e_sf39 = 1039,
         e_sf40 = 1040, e_sf41 = 1041, e_sf42 = 1042, e_sf43 = 1043,
         e_sf44 = 1044, e_sf45 = 1045, e_sf46 = 1046, e_sf47 = 1047,
         e_sf48 = 1048, e_sf49 = 1049, e_sf50 = 1050, e_sf51 = 1051,
         e_sf52 = 1052, e_sf53 = 1053, e_sf54 = 1054, e_sf55 = 1055,
         e_sf56 = 1056, e_sf57 = 1057, e_sf58 = 1058, e_sf59 = 1059,
         e_sf60 = 1060, e_sf61 = 1061, e_sf62 = 1062, e_sf63 = 1063,
         e_sf64 = 1064, e_sf65 = 1065, e_sf66 = 1066, e_sf67 = 1067,
         e_sf68 = 1068, e_sf69 = 1069, e_sf70 = 1070, e_sf71 = 1071,
         e_sf72 = 1072, e_sf73 = 1073, e_sf74 = 1074, e_sf75 = 1075,
         e_sf76 = 1076, e_sf77 = 1077, e_sf78 = 1078, e_sf79 = 1079,
         e_sf80 = 1080, e_sf81 = 1081, e_sf82 = 1082, e_sf83 = 1083,
         e_sf84 = 1084, e_sf85 = 1085, e_sf86 = 1086, e_sf87 = 1087,
         e_sf88 = 1088, e_sf89 = 1089, e_sf90 = 1090, e_sf91 = 1091,
         e_sf92 = 1092, e_sf93 = 1093, e_sf94 = 1094, e_sf95 = 1095,
         e_sf96 = 1096, e_sf97 = 1097, e_sf98 = 1098, e_sf99 = 1099,
         e_sffinal  = 1100,
         e_sf4ext00 = 2000, e_sf4ext01 = 2001, e_sf4ext02 = 2002, e_sf4ext03 = 2003,
         e_sf4ext04 = 2004, e_sf4ext05 = 2005, e_sf4ext06 = 2006, e_sf4ext07 = 2007,
         e_sf4ext08 = 2008, e_sf4ext09 = 2009, e_sf4ext10 = 2010, e_sf4ext11 = 2011,
         e_sf4ext12 = 2012, e_sf4ext13 = 2013, e_sf4ext14 = 2014, e_sf4ext15 = 2015,
         e_sf4ext16 = 2016, e_sf4ext17 = 2017, e_sf4ext18 = 2018, e_sf4ext19 = 2019,
         e_sf4ext20 = 2020, e_sf4ext21 = 2021, e_sf4ext22 = 2022, e_sf4ext23 = 2023,
         e_sf4ext24 = 2024, e_sf4ext25 = 2025, e_sf4ext26 = 2026, e_sf4ext27 = 2027,
         e_sf4ext28 = 2028, e_sf4ext29 = 2029, e_sf4ext30 = 2030, e_sf4ext31 = 2031,
         e_sf4ext32 = 2032, e_sf4ext33 = 2033, e_sf4ext34 = 2034, e_sf4ext35 = 2035,
         e_sf4ext36 = 2036, e_sf4ext37 = 2037, e_sf4ext38 = 2038, e_sf4ext39 = 2039,
         e_sf4ext40 = 2040, e_sf4ext41 = 2041, e_sf4ext42 = 2042, e_sf4ext43 = 2043,
         e_sf4ext44 = 2044, e_sf4ext45 = 2045, e_sf4ext46 = 2046, e_sf4ext47 = 2047,
         e_sf4ext48 = 2048, e_sf4ext49 = 2049, e_sf4ext50 = 2050, e_sf4ext51 = 2051,
         e_sf4ext52 = 2052, e_sf4ext53 = 2053, e_sf4ext54 = 2054, e_sf4ext55 = 2055,
         e_sf4ext56 = 2056, e_sf4ext57 = 2057, e_sf4ext58 = 2058, e_sf4ext59 = 2059
      };

      struct base_operation_t
      {
         base_operation_t(const operator_type t, const unsigned int& np)
         : type(t),
           num_params(np)
         {}

         operator_type type;
         unsigned int num_params;
      };

      namespace numeric
      {
         namespace details
         {
            template <typename T>
            inline T process_impl(const operator_type operation, const T arg)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  case e_abs   : return numeric::abs  (arg);
                  case e_acos  : return numeric::acos (arg);
                  case e_acosh : return numeric::acosh(arg);
                  case e_asin  : return numeric::asin (arg);
                  case e_asinh : return numeric::asinh(arg);
                  case e_atan  : return numeric::atan (arg);
                  case e_atanh : return numeric::atanh(arg);
                  case e_ceil  : return numeric::ceil (arg);
                  case e_cos   : return numeric::cos  (arg);
                  case e_cosh  : return numeric::cosh (arg);
                  case e_exp   : return numeric::exp  (arg);
                  case e_expm1 : return numeric::expm1(arg);
                  case e_floor : return numeric::floor(arg);
                  case e_log   : return numeric::log  (arg);
                  case e_log10 : return numeric::log10(arg);
                  case e_log2  : return numeric::log2 (arg);
                  case e_log1p : return numeric::log1p(arg);
                  case e_neg   : return numeric::neg  (arg);
                  case e_pos   : return numeric::pos  (arg);
                  case e_round : return numeric::round(arg);
                  case e_sin   : return numeric::sin  (arg);
                  case e_sinc  : return numeric::sinc (arg);
                  case e_sinh  : return numeric::sinh (arg);
                  case e_sqrt  : return numeric::sqrt (arg);
                  case e_tan   : return numeric::tan  (arg);
                  case e_tanh  : return numeric::tanh (arg);
                  case e_cot   : return numeric::cot  (arg);
                  case e_sec   : return numeric::sec  (arg);
                  case e_csc   : return numeric::csc  (arg);
                  case e_r2d   : return numeric::r2d  (arg);
                  case e_d2r   : return numeric::d2r  (arg);
                  case e_d2g   : return numeric::d2g  (arg);
                  case e_g2d   : return numeric::g2d  (arg);
                  case e_notl  : return numeric::notl (arg);
                  case e_sgn   : return numeric::sgn  (arg);
                  case e_erf   : return numeric::erf  (arg);
                  case e_erfc  : return numeric::erfc (arg);
                  case e_ncdf  : return numeric::ncdf (arg);
                  case e_frac  : return numeric::frac (arg);
                  case e_trunc : return numeric::trunc(arg);
                  default      : return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
               }
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T process_impl(const operator_type operation, const T arg0, const T arg1)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  case e_add    : return (arg0 + arg1);
                  case e_sub    : return (arg0 - arg1);
                  case e_mul    : return (arg0 * arg1);
                  case e_div    : return (arg0 / arg1);
                  case e_mod    : return modulus<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_pow    : return pow<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_atan2  : return atan2<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_min    : return std::min<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_max    : return std::max<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_logn   : return logn<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_lt     : return (arg0 <  arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_lte    : return (arg0 <= arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_eq     : return std::equal_to<T>()(arg0,arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_ne     : return std::not_equal_to<T>()(arg0,arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_gte    : return (arg0 >= arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_gt     : return (arg0 >  arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_and    : return and_opr<T> (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_nand   : return nand_opr<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_or     : return or_opr<T>  (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_nor    : return nor_opr<T> (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_xor    : return xor_opr<T> (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_xnor   : return xnor_opr<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_root   : return root<T>    (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_roundn : return roundn<T>  (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_equal  : return equal<T>   (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_nequal : return nequal<T>  (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_hypot  : return hypot<T>   (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_shr    : return shr<T>     (arg0,arg1);
                  case e_shl    : return shl<T>     (arg0,arg1);
                  default       : return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
               }
            }

            template <typename T>
            inline T process_impl(const operator_type operation, const T arg0, const T arg1, int_type_tag)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  case e_add    : return (arg0 + arg1);
                  case e_sub    : return (arg0 - arg1);
                  case e_mul    : return (arg0 * arg1);
                  case e_div    : return (arg0 / arg1);
                  case e_mod    : return arg0 % arg1;
                  case e_pow    : return pow<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_min    : return std::min<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_max    : return std::max<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_logn   : return logn<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_lt     : return (arg0 <  arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_lte    : return (arg0 <= arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_eq     : return (arg0 == arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_ne     : return (arg0 != arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_gte    : return (arg0 >= arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_gt     : return (arg0 >  arg1) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_and    : return ((arg0 != T(0)) && (arg1 != T(0))) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_nand   : return ((arg0 != T(0)) && (arg1 != T(0))) ? T(0) : T(1);
                  case e_or     : return ((arg0 != T(0)) || (arg1 != T(0))) ? T(1) : T(0);
                  case e_nor    : return ((arg0 != T(0)) || (arg1 != T(0))) ? T(0) : T(1);
                  case e_xor    : return arg0 ^ arg1;
                  case e_xnor   : return !(arg0 ^ arg1);
                  case e_root   : return root<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_equal  : return arg0 == arg1;
                  case e_nequal : return arg0 != arg1;
                  case e_hypot  : return hypot<T>(arg0,arg1);
                  case e_shr    : return arg0 >> arg1;
                  case e_shl    : return arg0 << arg1;
                  default       : return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
               }
            }
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T process(const operator_type operation, const T arg)
         {
            return exprtk::details::numeric::details::process_impl(operation,arg);
         }

         template <typename T>
         inline T process(const operator_type operation, const T arg0, const T arg1)
         {
            return exprtk::details::numeric::details::process_impl(operation,arg0,arg1);
         }
      }

      template <typename T>
      class expression_node
      {
      public:

         enum node_type
         {
            e_none         , e_null         , e_constant     , e_unary        ,
            e_binary       , e_binary_ext   , e_trinary      , e_quaternary   ,
            e_vararg       , e_conditional  , e_while        , e_repeat       ,
            e_for          , e_switch       , e_mswitch      , e_return       ,
            e_retenv       , e_variable     , e_stringvar    , e_stringconst  ,
            e_stringvarrng , e_cstringvarrng, e_strgenrange  , e_strconcat    ,
            e_stringvarsize, e_strswap      , e_stringsize   , e_function     ,
            e_vafunction   , e_genfunction  , e_strfunction  , e_strcondition ,
            e_strccondition, e_add          , e_sub          , e_mul          ,
            e_div          , e_mod          , e_pow          , e_lt           ,
            e_lte          , e_gt           , e_gte          , e_eq           ,
            e_ne           , e_and          , e_nand         , e_or           ,
            e_nor          , e_xor          , e_xnor         , e_in           ,
            e_like         , e_ilike        , e_inranges     , e_ipow         ,
            e_ipowinv      , e_abs          , e_acos         , e_acosh        ,
            e_asin         , e_asinh        , e_atan         , e_atanh        ,
            e_ceil         , e_cos          , e_cosh         , e_exp          ,
            e_expm1        , e_floor        , e_log          , e_log10        ,
            e_log2         , e_log1p        , e_neg          , e_pos          ,
            e_round        , e_sin          , e_sinc         , e_sinh         ,
            e_sqrt         , e_tan          , e_tanh         , e_cot          ,
            e_sec          , e_csc          , e_r2d          , e_d2r          ,
            e_d2g          , e_g2d          , e_notl         , e_sgn          ,
            e_erf          , e_erfc         , e_ncdf         , e_frac         ,
            e_trunc        , e_uvouv        , e_vov          , e_cov          ,
            e_voc          , e_vob          , e_bov          , e_cob          ,
            e_boc          , e_vovov        , e_vovoc        , e_vocov        ,
            e_covov        , e_covoc        , e_vovovov      , e_vovovoc      ,
            e_vovocov      , e_vocovov      , e_covovov      , e_covocov      ,
            e_vocovoc      , e_covovoc      , e_vococov      , e_sf3ext       ,
            e_sf4ext       , e_nulleq       , e_strass       , e_vector       ,
            e_vecelem      , e_vecdefass    , e_vecvalass    , e_vecvecass    ,
            e_vecopvalass  , e_vecopvecass  , e_vecfunc      , e_vecvecswap   ,
            e_vecvecineq   , e_vecvalineq   , e_valvecineq   , e_vecvecarith  ,
            e_vecvalarith  , e_valvecarith  , e_vecunaryop   , e_break        ,
            e_continue     , e_swap
         };

         typedef T value_type;
         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         virtual ~expression_node()
         {}

         inline virtual T value() const
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline virtual expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t& index = 0) const
         {
            return reinterpret_cast<expression_ptr>(index * 0);
         }

         inline virtual node_type type() const
         {
            return e_none;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_generally_string_node(const expression_node<T>* node);

      inline bool is_true(const double v)
      {
         return std::not_equal_to<double>()(0.0,v);
      }

      inline bool is_true(const long double v)
      {
         return std::not_equal_to<long double>()(0.0L,v);
      }

      inline bool is_true(const float v)
      {
         return std::not_equal_to<float>()(0.0f,v);
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_true(const std::complex<T>& v)
      {
         return std::not_equal_to<std::complex<T> >()(std::complex<T>(0),v);
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_true(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),node->value());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_false(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),node->value());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_unary_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_unary == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_neg_unary_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_neg == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_binary_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_binary == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_variable_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_variable == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_ivariable_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node &&
                (
                  details::expression_node<T>::e_variable == node->type() ||
                  details::expression_node<T>::e_vecelem  == node->type()
                );
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_vector_elem_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_vecelem == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_vector_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_vector == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_ivector_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         if (node)
         {
            switch (node->type())
            {
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vector      :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecvalass   :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecvecass   :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecopvalass :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecopvecass :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecvecswap  :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecvecarith :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecvalarith :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_valvecarith :
               case details::expression_node<T>::e_vecunaryop  : return true;
               default                                         : return false;
            }
         }
         else
            return false;
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_constant_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_constant == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_null_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_null == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_break_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_break == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_continue_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_continue == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_swap_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_swap == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_function(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_function == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_return_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (details::expression_node<T>::e_return == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T> class unary_node;

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_negate_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         if (node && is_unary_node(node))
         {
            return (details::e_neg == static_cast<const unary_node<T>*>(node)->operation());
         }
         else
            return false;
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool branch_deletable(expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return !is_variable_node(node) &&
                !is_string_node  (node) ;
      }

      template <std::size_t N, typename T>
      inline bool all_nodes_valid(expression_node<T>* (&b)[N])
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
         {
            if (0 == b[i]) return false;
         }

         return true;
      }

      template <typename T,
                typename Allocator,
                template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
      inline bool all_nodes_valid(const Sequence<expression_node<T>*,Allocator>& b)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i)
         {
            if (0 == b[i]) return false;
         }

         return true;
      }

      template <std::size_t N, typename T>
      inline bool all_nodes_variables(expression_node<T>* (&b)[N])
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
         {
            if (0 == b[i])
               return false;
            else if (!is_variable_node(b[i]))
               return false;
         }

         return true;
      }

      template <typename T,
                typename Allocator,
                template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
      inline bool all_nodes_variables(Sequence<expression_node<T>*,Allocator>& b)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i)
         {
            if (0 == b[i])
               return false;
            else if (!is_variable_node(b[i]))
               return false;
         }

         return true;
      }

      template <typename NodeAllocator, typename T, std::size_t N>
      inline void free_all_nodes(NodeAllocator& node_allocator, expression_node<T>* (&b)[N])
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator,b[i]);
         }
      }

      template <typename NodeAllocator,
                typename T,
                typename Allocator,
                template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
      inline void free_all_nodes(NodeAllocator& node_allocator, Sequence<expression_node<T>*,Allocator>& b)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator,b[i]);
         }

         b.clear();
      }

      template <typename NodeAllocator, typename T>
      inline void free_node(NodeAllocator& node_allocator, expression_node<T>*& node, const bool force_delete = false)
      {
         if (0 != node)
         {
            if (
                 (is_variable_node(node) || is_string_node(node)) ||
                 force_delete
               )
               return;

            node_allocator.free(node);
            node = 0;
         }
      }

      template <typename Type>
      class vector_holder
      {
      private:

         typedef Type value_type;
         typedef value_type* value_ptr;
         typedef const value_ptr const_value_ptr;

         class vector_holder_base
         {
         public:

            virtual ~vector_holder_base(){}

            inline value_ptr operator[](const std::size_t& index) const
            {
               return value_at(index);
            }

            inline std::size_t size() const
            {
               return vector_size();
            }

         protected:

            virtual value_ptr value_at(const std::size_t&) const = 0;
            virtual std::size_t vector_size()              const = 0;
         };

         class array_vector_impl : public vector_holder_base
         {
         public:

            array_vector_impl(const Type* vec, const std::size_t& vec_size)
            : vec_(vec),
              size_(vec_size)
            {}

         protected:

            value_ptr value_at(const std::size_t& index) const
            {
               if (index < size_)
                  return const_cast<const_value_ptr>(vec_ + index);
               else
                  return const_value_ptr(0);
            }

            std::size_t vector_size() const
            {
               return size_;
            }

         private:

            array_vector_impl operator=(const array_vector_impl&);

            const Type* vec_;
            const std::size_t size_;
         };

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         class sequence_vector_impl : public vector_holder_base
         {
         public:

            typedef Sequence<Type,Allocator> sequence_t;

            sequence_vector_impl(sequence_t& seq)
            : sequence_(seq)
            {}

         protected:

            value_ptr value_at(const std::size_t& index) const
            {
               return (index < sequence_.size()) ? (&sequence_[index]) : const_value_ptr(0);
            }

            std::size_t vector_size() const
            {
               return sequence_.size();
            }

         private:

            sequence_vector_impl operator=(const sequence_vector_impl&);

            sequence_t& sequence_;
         };

      public:

         vector_holder(Type* vec, const std::size_t& vec_size)
         : vector_holder_base_(new(buffer)array_vector_impl(vec,vec_size))
         {}

         template <typename Allocator>
         vector_holder(std::vector<Type,Allocator>& vec)
         : vector_holder_base_(new(buffer)sequence_vector_impl<Allocator,std::vector>(vec))
         {}

         template <typename Allocator>
         vector_holder(std::deque<Type,Allocator>& deq)
         : vector_holder_base_(new(buffer)sequence_vector_impl<Allocator,std::deque>(deq))
         {}

         inline value_ptr operator[](const std::size_t& index) const
         {
            return (*vector_holder_base_)[index];
         }

         inline std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vector_holder_base_->size();
         }

      private:

         mutable vector_holder_base* vector_holder_base_;
         unsigned char buffer[64];
      };

      template <typename T>
      class null_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline T value() const
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_null;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class null_eq_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         null_eq_node(expression_ptr brnch, const bool equality = true)
         : branch_(brnch),
           branch_deletable_(branch_deletable(branch_)),
           equality_(equality)
         {}

        ~null_eq_node()
         {
            if (branch_ && branch_deletable_)
            {
               delete branch_;
               branch_ = 0;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T v = branch_->value();
            const bool result = details::numeric::is_nan(v);

            if (result)
               return (equality_) ? T(1) : T(0);
            else
               return (equality_) ? T(0) : T(1);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_nulleq;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_eq;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr branch_;
         bool branch_deletable_;
         bool equality_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class literal_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         explicit literal_node(const T& v)
         : value_(v)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_constant;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0);
         }

      private:

         literal_node(literal_node<T>&) {}
         literal_node<T>& operator=(literal_node<T>&) { return *this; }

         const T value_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct range_pack;

      template <typename T>
      struct range_data_type;

      template <typename T>
      class range_interface
      {
      public:

         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         virtual range_t& range_ref() = 0;

         virtual const range_t& range_ref() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class string_base_node
      {
      public:

         typedef range_data_type<T> range_data_type_t;

         virtual std::string str () const = 0;

         virtual const char* base() const = 0;

         virtual std::size_t size() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class string_literal_node : public expression_node <T>,
                                  public string_base_node<T>,
                                  public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         explicit string_literal_node(const std::string& v)
         : value_(v)
         {
            rp_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            rp_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,v.size() - 1);
            rp_.cache.first  = rp_.n0_c.second;
            rp_.cache.second = rp_.n1_c.second;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_stringconst;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0);
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return value_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return value_.size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return rp_;
         }

      private:

         string_literal_node(const string_literal_node<T>&);
         string_literal_node<T>& operator=(const string_literal_node<T>&);

         const std::string value_;
         range_t rp_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class unary_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         unary_node(const operator_type& opr,
                    expression_ptr brnch)
         : operation_(opr),
           branch_(brnch),
           branch_deletable_(branch_deletable(branch_))
         {}

        ~unary_node()
         {
            if (branch_ && branch_deletable_)
            {
               delete branch_;
               branch_ = 0;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T arg = branch_->value();
            return numeric::process<T>(operation_,arg);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_unary;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return operation_;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_;
         }

         inline void release()
         {
            branch_deletable_ = false;
         }

      protected:

         operator_type operation_;
         expression_ptr branch_;
         bool branch_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T, std::size_t D, bool B>
      struct construct_branch_pair
      {
         template <std::size_t N>
         static inline void process(std::pair<expression_node<T>*,bool> (&)[N], expression_node<T>*)
         {}
      };

      template <typename T, std::size_t D>
      struct construct_branch_pair<T,D,true>
      {
         template <std::size_t N>
         static inline void process(std::pair<expression_node<T>*,bool> (&branch)[N], expression_node<T>* b)
         {
            if (b)
            {
               branch[D] = std::make_pair(b,branch_deletable(b));
            }
         }
      };

      template <std::size_t N, typename T>
      inline void init_branches(std::pair<expression_node<T>*,bool> (&branch)[N],
                                expression_node<T>* b0,
                                expression_node<T>* b1 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b2 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b3 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b4 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b5 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b6 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b7 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b8 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0),
                                expression_node<T>* b9 = reinterpret_cast<expression_node<T>*>(0))
      {
         construct_branch_pair<T,0,(N > 0)>::process(branch,b0);
         construct_branch_pair<T,1,(N > 1)>::process(branch,b1);
         construct_branch_pair<T,2,(N > 2)>::process(branch,b2);
         construct_branch_pair<T,3,(N > 3)>::process(branch,b3);
         construct_branch_pair<T,4,(N > 4)>::process(branch,b4);
         construct_branch_pair<T,5,(N > 5)>::process(branch,b5);
         construct_branch_pair<T,6,(N > 6)>::process(branch,b6);
         construct_branch_pair<T,7,(N > 7)>::process(branch,b7);
         construct_branch_pair<T,8,(N > 8)>::process(branch,b8);
         construct_branch_pair<T,9,(N > 9)>::process(branch,b9);
      }

      struct cleanup_branches
      {
         template <typename T, std::size_t N>
         static inline void execute(std::pair<expression_node<T>*,bool> (&branch)[N])
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
            {
               if (branch[i].first && branch[i].second)
               {
                  delete branch[i].first;
                  branch[i].first = 0;
               }
            }
         }

         template <typename T,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline void execute(Sequence<std::pair<expression_node<T>*,bool>,Allocator>& branch)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < branch.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (branch[i].first && branch[i].second)
               {
                  delete branch[i].first;
                  branch[i].first = 0;
               }
            }
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class binary_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;

         binary_node(const operator_type& opr,
                     expression_ptr branch0,
                     expression_ptr branch1)
         : operation_(opr)
         {
            init_branches<2>(branch_,branch0,branch1);
         }

        ~binary_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,2>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T arg0 = branch_[0].first->value();
            const T arg1 = branch_[1].first->value();
            return numeric::process<T>(operation_,arg0,arg1);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_binary;
         }

         inline operator_type operation()
         {
            return operation_;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t& index = 0) const
         {
            if (0 == index)
               return branch_[0].first;
            else if (1 == index)
               return branch_[1].first;
            else
               return reinterpret_cast<expression_ptr>(0);
         }

      protected:

         operator_type operation_;
         branch_t branch_[2];
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class binary_ext_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;

         binary_ext_node(expression_ptr branch0, expression_ptr branch1)
         {
            init_branches<2>(branch_,branch0,branch1);
         }

        ~binary_ext_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,2>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T arg0 = branch_[0].first->value();
            const T arg1 = branch_[1].first->value();
            return Operation::process(arg0,arg1);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_binary_ext;
         }

         inline operator_type operation()
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t& index = 0) const
         {
            if (0 == index)
               return branch_[0].first;
            else if (1 == index)
               return branch_[1].first;
            else
               return reinterpret_cast<expression_ptr>(0);
         }

      protected:

         branch_t branch_[2];
      };

      template <typename T>
      class trinary_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;

         trinary_node(const operator_type& opr,
                      expression_ptr branch0,
                      expression_ptr branch1,
                      expression_ptr branch2)
         : operation_(opr)
         {
            init_branches<3>(branch_,branch0,branch1,branch2);
         }

        ~trinary_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,3>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T arg0 = branch_[0].first->value();
            const T arg1 = branch_[1].first->value();
            const T arg2 = branch_[2].first->value();

            switch (operation_)
            {
               case e_inrange : return (arg1 < arg0) ? T(0) : ((arg1 > arg2) ? T(0) : T(1));
               case e_clamp   : return (arg1 < arg0) ? arg0 : (arg1 > arg2 ? arg2 : arg1);
               case e_iclamp  : if ((arg1 <= arg0) || (arg1 >= arg2))
                                   return arg1;
                                else
                                   return ((T(2) * arg1  <= (arg2 + arg0)) ? arg0 : arg2);
               default        : return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            }
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_trinary;
         }

      protected:

         operator_type operation_;
         branch_t branch_[3];
      };

      template <typename T>
      class quaternary_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;

         quaternary_node(const operator_type& opr,
                         expression_ptr branch0,
                         expression_ptr branch1,
                         expression_ptr branch2,
                         expression_ptr branch3)
         : operation_(opr)
         {
            init_branches<4>(branch_,branch0,branch1,branch2,branch3);
         }

        ~quaternary_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,4>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_quaternary;
         }

      protected:

         operator_type operation_;
         branch_t branch_[4];
      };

      template <typename T>
      class conditional_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         conditional_node(expression_ptr test,
                          expression_ptr consequent,
                          expression_ptr alternative)
         : test_(test),
           consequent_(consequent),
           alternative_(alternative),
           test_deletable_(branch_deletable(test_)),
           consequent_deletable_(branch_deletable(consequent_)),
           alternative_deletable_(branch_deletable(alternative_))
         {}

        ~conditional_node()
         {
            if (test_        && test_deletable_       ) delete test_;
            if (consequent_  && consequent_deletable_ ) delete consequent_;
            if (alternative_ && alternative_deletable_) delete alternative_;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (is_true(test_))
               return consequent_->value();
            else
               return alternative_->value();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_conditional;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr test_;
         expression_ptr consequent_;
         expression_ptr alternative_;
         bool test_deletable_;
         bool consequent_deletable_;
         bool alternative_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class cons_conditional_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         // Consequent only conditional statement node
         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         cons_conditional_node(expression_ptr test,
                               expression_ptr consequent)
         : test_(test),
           consequent_(consequent),
           test_deletable_(branch_deletable(test_)),
           consequent_deletable_(branch_deletable(consequent_))
         {}

        ~cons_conditional_node()
         {
            if (test_       && test_deletable_      ) delete test_;
            if (consequent_ && consequent_deletable_) delete consequent_;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (is_true(test_))
               return consequent_->value();
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_conditional;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr test_;
         expression_ptr consequent_;
         bool test_deletable_;
         bool consequent_deletable_;
      };

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
      template <typename T>
      class break_exception
      {
      public:

         break_exception(const T& v)
         : value(v)
         {}

         T value;
      };

      class continue_exception
      {};

      template <typename T>
      class break_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         break_node(expression_ptr ret = expression_ptr(0))
         : return_(ret),
           return_deletable_(branch_deletable(return_))
         {}

        ~break_node()
         {
            if (return_deletable_)
            {
               delete return_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            throw break_exception<T>(return_ ? return_->value() : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
            #ifndef _MSC_VER
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            #endif
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_break;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr return_;
         bool return_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class continue_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline T value() const
         {
            throw continue_exception();
            #ifndef _MSC_VER
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            #endif
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_break;
         }
      };
      #endif

      template <typename T>
      class while_loop_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         while_loop_node(expression_ptr condition, expression_ptr loop_body)
         : condition_(condition),
           loop_body_(loop_body),
           condition_deletable_(branch_deletable(condition_)),
           loop_body_deletable_(branch_deletable(loop_body_))
         {}

        ~while_loop_node()
         {
            if (condition_ && condition_deletable_)
            {
               delete condition_;
            }

            if (loop_body_ && loop_body_deletable_)
            {
               delete loop_body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);

            while (is_true(condition_))
            {
               result = loop_body_->value();
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_while;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr condition_;
         expression_ptr loop_body_;
         bool condition_deletable_;
         bool loop_body_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class repeat_until_loop_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         repeat_until_loop_node(expression_ptr condition, expression_ptr loop_body)
         : condition_(condition),
           loop_body_(loop_body),
           condition_deletable_(branch_deletable(condition_)),
           loop_body_deletable_(branch_deletable(loop_body_))
         {}

        ~repeat_until_loop_node()
         {
            if (condition_ && condition_deletable_)
            {
               delete condition_;
            }

            if (loop_body_ && loop_body_deletable_)
            {
               delete loop_body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);

            do
            {
               result = loop_body_->value();
            }
            while (is_false(condition_));

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_repeat;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr condition_;
         expression_ptr loop_body_;
         bool condition_deletable_;
         bool loop_body_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class for_loop_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         for_loop_node(expression_ptr initialiser,
                       expression_ptr condition,
                       expression_ptr incrementor,
                       expression_ptr loop_body)
         : initialiser_(initialiser),
           condition_  (condition),
           incrementor_(incrementor),
           loop_body_  (loop_body),
           initialiser_deletable_(branch_deletable(initialiser_)),
           condition_deletable_  (branch_deletable(condition_  )),
           incrementor_deletable_(branch_deletable(incrementor_)),
           loop_body_deletable_  (branch_deletable(loop_body_  ))
         {}

        ~for_loop_node()
         {
            if (initialiser_ && initialiser_deletable_)
            {
               delete initialiser_;
            }

            if (condition_ && condition_deletable_)
            {
               delete condition_;
            }

            if (incrementor_ && incrementor_deletable_)
            {
               delete incrementor_;
            }

            if (loop_body_ && loop_body_deletable_)
            {
               delete loop_body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);

            if (initialiser_)
               initialiser_->value();

            if (incrementor_)
            {
               while (is_true(condition_))
               {
                  result = loop_body_->value();
                  incrementor_->value();
               }
            }
            else
            {
               while (is_true(condition_))
               {
                  result = loop_body_->value();
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_for;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr initialiser_;
         expression_ptr condition_  ;
         expression_ptr incrementor_;
         expression_ptr loop_body_  ;
         bool initialiser_deletable_;
         bool condition_deletable_  ;
         bool incrementor_deletable_;
         bool loop_body_deletable_  ;
      };

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
      template <typename T>
      class while_loop_bc_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         while_loop_bc_node(expression_ptr condition, expression_ptr loop_body)
         : condition_(condition),
           loop_body_(loop_body),
           condition_deletable_(branch_deletable(condition_)),
           loop_body_deletable_(branch_deletable(loop_body_))
         {}

        ~while_loop_bc_node()
         {
            if (condition_ && condition_deletable_)
            {
               delete condition_;
            }

            if (loop_body_ && loop_body_deletable_)
            {
               delete loop_body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);
            while (is_true(condition_))
            {
               try
               {
                  result = loop_body_->value();
               }
               catch(const break_exception<T>& e)
               {
                  return e.value;
               }
               catch(const continue_exception&)
               {}
            }
            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_while;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr condition_;
         expression_ptr loop_body_;
         bool condition_deletable_;
         bool loop_body_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class repeat_until_loop_bc_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         repeat_until_loop_bc_node(expression_ptr condition, expression_ptr loop_body)
         : condition_(condition),
           loop_body_(loop_body),
           condition_deletable_(branch_deletable(condition_)),
           loop_body_deletable_(branch_deletable(loop_body_))
         {}

        ~repeat_until_loop_bc_node()
         {
            if (condition_ && condition_deletable_)
            {
               delete condition_;
            }

            if (loop_body_ && loop_body_deletable_)
            {
               delete loop_body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);

            do
            {
               try
               {
                  result = loop_body_->value();
               }
               catch(const break_exception<T>& e)
               {
                  return e.value;
               }
               catch(const continue_exception&)
               {}
            }
            while (is_false(condition_));

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_repeat;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr condition_;
         expression_ptr loop_body_;
         bool condition_deletable_;
         bool loop_body_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class for_loop_bc_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         for_loop_bc_node(expression_ptr initialiser,
                       expression_ptr condition,
                       expression_ptr incrementor,
                       expression_ptr loop_body)
         : initialiser_(initialiser),
           condition_  (condition  ),
           incrementor_(incrementor),
           loop_body_  (loop_body  ),
           initialiser_deletable_(branch_deletable(initialiser_)),
           condition_deletable_  (branch_deletable(condition_  )),
           incrementor_deletable_(branch_deletable(incrementor_)),
           loop_body_deletable_  (branch_deletable(loop_body_  ))
         {}

        ~for_loop_bc_node()
         {
            if (initialiser_ && initialiser_deletable_)
            {
               delete initialiser_;
            }

            if (condition_ && condition_deletable_)
            {
               delete condition_;
            }

            if (incrementor_ && incrementor_deletable_)
            {
               delete incrementor_;
            }

            if (loop_body_ && loop_body_deletable_)
            {
               delete loop_body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);

            if (initialiser_)
               initialiser_->value();

            if (incrementor_)
            {
               while (is_true(condition_))
               {
                  try
                  {
                     result = loop_body_->value();
                  }
                  catch(const break_exception<T>& e)
                  {
                     return e.value;
                  }
                  catch(const continue_exception&)
                  {}

                  incrementor_->value();
               }
            }
            else
            {
               while (is_true(condition_))
               {
                  try
                  {
                     result = loop_body_->value();
                  }
                  catch(const break_exception<T>& e)
                  {
                     return e.value;
                  }
                  catch(const continue_exception&)
                  {}
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_for;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr initialiser_;
         expression_ptr condition_  ;
         expression_ptr incrementor_;
         expression_ptr loop_body_  ;
         bool initialiser_deletable_;
         bool condition_deletable_  ;
         bool incrementor_deletable_;
         bool loop_body_deletable_  ;
      };
      #endif

      template <typename T>
      class switch_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         switch_node(const Sequence<expression_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            if (1 != (arg_list.size() & 1))
               return;

            arg_list_.resize(arg_list.size());
            delete_branch_.resize(arg_list.size());

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list[i])
               {
                       arg_list_[i] = arg_list[i];
                  delete_branch_[i] = static_cast<unsigned char>(branch_deletable(arg_list_[i]) ? 1 : 0);
               }
               else
               {
                  arg_list_.clear();
                  delete_branch_.clear();
                  return;
               }
            }
         }

        ~switch_node()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list_[i] && delete_branch_[i])
               {
                  delete arg_list_[i];
                  arg_list_[i] = 0;
               }
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (!arg_list_.empty())
            {
               const std::size_t upper_bound = (arg_list_.size() - 1);

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < upper_bound; i += 2)
               {
                  expression_ptr condition  = arg_list_[i    ];
                  expression_ptr consequent = arg_list_[i + 1];

                  if (is_true(condition))
                  {
                     return consequent->value();
                  }
               }

               return arg_list_[upper_bound]->value();
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_switch;
         }

      protected:

         std::vector<expression_ptr> arg_list_;
         std::vector<unsigned char> delete_branch_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Switch_N>
      class switch_n_node : public switch_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         switch_n_node(const Sequence<expression_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         : switch_node<T>(arg_list)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Switch_N::process(switch_node<T>::arg_list_);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class multi_switch_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         multi_switch_node(const Sequence<expression_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            if (0 != (arg_list.size() & 1))
               return;

            arg_list_.resize(arg_list.size());
            delete_branch_.resize(arg_list.size());

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list[i])
               {
                       arg_list_[i] = arg_list[i];
                  delete_branch_[i] = static_cast<unsigned char>(branch_deletable(arg_list_[i]) ? 1 : 0);
               }
               else
               {
                  arg_list_.clear();
                  delete_branch_.clear();
                  return;
               }
            }
         }

        ~multi_switch_node()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list_[i] && delete_branch_[i])
               {
                  delete arg_list_[i];
                  arg_list_[i] = 0;
               }
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = T(0);

            if (arg_list_.empty())
            {
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            }

            const std::size_t upper_bound = (arg_list_.size() - 1);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < upper_bound; i += 2)
            {
               expression_ptr condition  = arg_list_[i    ];
               expression_ptr consequent = arg_list_[i + 1];

               if (is_true(condition))
               {
                  result = consequent->value();
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_mswitch;
         }

      private:

         std::vector<expression_ptr> arg_list_;
         std::vector<unsigned char> delete_branch_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class ivariable
      {
      public:

         virtual T& ref() = 0;
         virtual const T& ref() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class variable_node : public expression_node<T>,
                            public ivariable      <T>
      {
      public:

         static T null_value;

         explicit variable_node()
         : value_(&null_value),
           delete_value_(false)
         {}

         variable_node(T& v)
         : value_(&v),
           delete_value_(false)
         {}

        ~variable_node()
         {
            if (delete_value_)
            {
               delete value_;
            }
         }

         inline bool operator <(const variable_node<T>& v) const
         {
            return this < (&v);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         inline T& ref()
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         inline const T& ref() const
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_variable;
         }

         inline bool& delete_value()
         {
            return delete_value_;
         }

      private:

         T* value_;
         bool delete_value_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      T variable_node<T>::null_value = T(std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());

      template <typename T>
      struct range_pack
      {
         typedef expression_node<T>*           expression_node_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<std::size_t,std::size_t> cached_range_t;

         range_pack()
         : n0_e (std::make_pair(false,expression_node_ptr(0))),
           n1_e (std::make_pair(false,expression_node_ptr(0))),
           n0_c (std::make_pair(false,0)),
           n1_c (std::make_pair(false,0)),
           cache(std::make_pair(0,0))
         {}

         void clear()
         {
            n0_e  = std::make_pair(false,expression_node_ptr(0));
            n1_e  = std::make_pair(false,expression_node_ptr(0));
            n0_c  = std::make_pair(false,0);
            n1_c  = std::make_pair(false,0);
            cache = std::make_pair(0,0);
         }

         void free()
         {
            if (n0_e.first && n0_e.second)
            {
               n0_e.first = false;

               if (
                    !is_variable_node(n0_e.second) &&
                    !is_string_node  (n0_e.second)
                  )
               {
                  delete n0_e.second;
                  n0_e.second = expression_node_ptr(0);
               }
            }

            if (n1_e.first && n1_e.second)
            {
               n1_e.first = false;

               if (
                    !is_variable_node(n1_e.second) &&
                    !is_string_node  (n1_e.second)
                  )
               {
                  delete n1_e.second;
                  n1_e.second = expression_node_ptr(0);
               }
            }
         }

         bool const_range()
         {
           return ( n0_c.first &&  n1_c.first) &&
                  (!n0_e.first && !n1_e.first);
         }

         bool var_range()
         {
           return ( n0_e.first &&  n1_e.first) &&
                  (!n0_c.first && !n1_c.first);
         }

         bool operator()(std::size_t& r0, std::size_t& r1, const std::size_t& size = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()) const
         {
            if (n0_c.first)
               r0 = n0_c.second;
            else if (n0_e.first)
            {
               T r0_value = n0_e.second->value();

               if (r0_value < 0)
                  return false;
               else
                  r0 = static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(r0_value));
            }
            else
               return false;

            if (n1_c.first)
               r1 = n1_c.second;
            else if (n1_e.first)
            {
               T r1_value = n1_e.second->value();

               if (r1_value < 0)
                  return false;
               else
                  r1 = static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(r1_value));
            }
            else
               return false;

            if (
                 (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() != size) &&
                 (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() == r1  )
               )
            {
               r1 = size - 1;
            }

            cache.first  = r0;
            cache.second = r1;

            return (r0 <= r1);
         }

         inline std::size_t const_size() const
         {
            return (n1_c.second - n0_c.second + 1);
         }

         inline std::size_t cache_size() const
         {
            return (cache.second - cache.first + 1);
         }

         std::pair<bool,expression_node_ptr> n0_e;
         std::pair<bool,expression_node_ptr> n1_e;
         std::pair<bool,std::size_t        > n0_c;
         std::pair<bool,std::size_t        > n1_c;
         mutable cached_range_t             cache;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class string_base_node;

      template <typename T>
      struct range_data_type
      {
         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;
         typedef string_base_node<T>* strbase_ptr_t;

         range_data_type()
         : range(0),
           data (0),
           size (0),
           type_size(0),
           str_node (0)
         {}

         range_t*      range;
         void*         data;
         std::size_t   size;
         std::size_t   type_size;
         strbase_ptr_t str_node;
      };

      template <typename T> class vector_node;

      template <typename T>
      class vector_interface
      {
      public:

         typedef vector_node<T>* vector_node_ptr;

         virtual ~vector_interface()
         {}

         virtual vector_node_ptr vec() const = 0;

         virtual vector_node_ptr vec() = 0;

         virtual std::size_t size() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class vector_node : public expression_node <T>,
                          public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_holder<T>    vector_holder_t;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         vector_node(vector_holder_t* vh)
         : vector_holder_(vh)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return *(ref()[0]);
         }

         inline const vector_holder_t& ref() const
         {
            return (*vector_holder_);
         }

         inline vector_holder_t& ref()
         {
            return (*vector_holder_);
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return const_cast<vector_node_ptr>(this);
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return this;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vector;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return ref().size();
         }

      private:

         vector_holder_t* vector_holder_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class vector_elem_node : public expression_node<T>,
                               public ivariable      <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         vector_elem_node(expression_ptr index, T* vector_base)
         : index_(index),
           vector_base_(vector_base),
           index_deletable_(branch_deletable(index_))
         {}

        ~vector_elem_node()
         {
            if (index_ && index_deletable_)
            {
               delete index_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
           return *(vector_base_ + static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(index_->value())));
         }

         inline T& ref()
         {
            return *(vector_base_ + static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(index_->value())));
         }

         inline const T& ref() const
         {
            return *(vector_base_ + static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(index_->value())));
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecelem;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr index_;
         T* vector_base_;
         bool index_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class vector_assignment_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         vector_assignment_node(T* vector_base,
                                const std::size_t& size,
                                const std::vector<expression_ptr>& initialiser_list,
                                const bool single_value_initialse)
         : vector_base_(vector_base),
           initialiser_list_(initialiser_list),
           size_(size),
           single_value_initialse_(single_value_initialse)
         {}

        ~vector_assignment_node()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < initialiser_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (branch_deletable(initialiser_list_[i]))
               {
                  delete initialiser_list_[i];
               }
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (single_value_initialse_)
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i)
               {
                  *(vector_base_ + i) = initialiser_list_[0]->value();
               }
            }
            else
            {
               std::size_t il_size = initialiser_list_.size();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < il_size; ++i)
               {
                  *(vector_base_ + i) = initialiser_list_[i]->value();
               }

               if (il_size < size_)
               {
                  for (std::size_t i = il_size; i < size_; ++i)
                  {
                     *(vector_base_ + i) = T(0);
                  }
               }
            }

            return *(vector_base_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecdefass;
         }

      private:

         vector_assignment_node<T>& operator=(const vector_assignment_node<T>&);

         mutable T* vector_base_;
         std::vector<expression_ptr> initialiser_list_;
         const std::size_t size_;
         const bool single_value_initialse_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class swap_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef variable_node<T>*   variable_node_ptr;

         swap_node(variable_node_ptr var0, variable_node_ptr var1)
         : var0_(var0),
           var1_(var1)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            std::swap(var0_->ref(),var1_->ref());
            return var1_->ref();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_swap;
         }

      private:

         variable_node_ptr var0_;
         variable_node_ptr var1_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class swap_generic_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef ivariable<T>* ivariable_ptr;

         swap_generic_node(expression_ptr var0, expression_ptr var1)
         : binary_node<T>(details::e_swap,var0,var1),
           var0_(dynamic_cast<ivariable_ptr>(var0)),
           var1_(dynamic_cast<ivariable_ptr>(var1))
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            std::swap(var0_->ref(),var1_->ref());
            return var1_->ref();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_swap;
         }

      private:

         ivariable_ptr var0_;
         ivariable_ptr var1_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class swap_vecvec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                               public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         swap_vecvec_node(expression_ptr branch0,
                          expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(details::e_swap,branch0,branch1),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec1_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0),
           initialised_(false)
         {
            if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first)))
               {
                  vec0_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec1_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vec_size_ = std::min(vec0_node_ptr_->ref().size(),
                                    vec1_node_ptr_->ref().size());
               initialised_ = true;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  std::swap((*vec0[i]),(*vec1[i]));
               }

               return vec1_node_ptr_->value();
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvecswap;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec0_node_ptr_;
         vector_node<T>* vec1_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
         bool            initialised_;
      };

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      template <typename T>
      class stringvar_node : public expression_node <T>,
                             public string_base_node<T>,
                             public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         static std::string null_value;

         explicit stringvar_node()
         : value_(&null_value)
         {}

         explicit stringvar_node(std::string& v)
         : value_(&v)
         {
            rp_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            rp_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,v.size() - 1);
            rp_.cache.first  = rp_.n0_c.second;
            rp_.cache.second = rp_.n1_c.second;
         }

         inline bool operator <(const stringvar_node<T>& v) const
         {
            return this < (&v);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            rp_.n1_c.second  = (*value_).size() - 1;
            rp_.cache.second = rp_.n1_c.second;
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return ref();
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return (*value_).data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return ref().size();
         }

         std::string& ref()
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         const std::string& ref() const
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_stringvar;
         }

      private:

         std::string* value_;
         mutable range_t rp_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      std::string stringvar_node<T>::null_value = std::string("");

      template <typename T>
      class string_range_node :  public expression_node <T>,
                                 public string_base_node<T>,
                                 public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         static std::string null_value;

         explicit string_range_node(std::string& v, range_t rp)
         : value_(&v),
           rp_(rp)
         {}

        ~string_range_node()
         {
            rp_.free();
         }

         inline bool operator <(const string_range_node<T>& v) const
         {
            return this < (&v);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline std::string str() const
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return (*value_).data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return ref().size();
         }

         inline range_t range() const
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         inline virtual std::string& ref()
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         inline virtual const std::string& ref() const
         {
            return (*value_);
         }

         inline range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         inline const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_stringvarrng;
         }

      private:

         std::string* value_;
         range_t      rp_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      std::string string_range_node<T>::null_value = std::string("");

      template <typename T>
      class const_string_range_node : public expression_node <T>,
                                      public string_base_node<T>,
                                      public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         explicit const_string_range_node(const std::string& v, range_t rp)
         : value_(v),
           rp_(rp)
         {}

        ~const_string_range_node()
         {
            rp_.free();
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return value_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return value_.size();
         }

         range_t range() const
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return rp_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_cstringvarrng;
         }

      private:

         const_string_range_node<T>& operator=(const const_string_range_node<T>&);

         const std::string value_;
         range_t rp_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class generic_string_range_node : public expression_node <T>,
                                        public string_base_node<T>,
                                        public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef stringvar_node  <T>* strvar_node_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*    str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>          range_t;
         typedef range_t*                   range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>          irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                 irange_ptr;

         generic_string_range_node(expression_ptr str_branch, range_t brange)
         : initialised_(false),
           branch_(str_branch),
           branch_deletable_(branch_deletable(branch_)),
           str_base_ptr_ (0),
           str_range_ptr_(0),
           base_range_(brange)
         {
            range_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.cache.first  = range_.n0_c.second;
            range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

            if (is_generally_string_node(branch_))
            {
               str_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(branch_);

               if (0 == str_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               str_range_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(branch_);

               if (0 == str_range_ptr_)
                  return;
            }

            initialised_ = (str_base_ptr_ && str_range_ptr_);
         }

        ~generic_string_range_node()
         {
            base_range_.free();

            if (branch_ && branch_deletable_)
            {
               delete branch_;
               branch_ = 0;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               branch_->value();

               std::size_t str_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t str_r1 = 0;

               std::size_t r0 = 0;
               std::size_t r1 = 0;

               range_t& range = str_range_ptr_->range_ref();

               const std::size_t base_str_size = str_base_ptr_->size();

               if (
                    range      (str_r0,str_r1,base_str_size) &&
                    base_range_(    r0,    r1,base_str_size)
                  )
               {
                  const std::size_t size = (r1 - r0) + 1;

                  range_.n1_c.second  = size - 1;
                  range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

                  value_.assign(str_base_ptr_->base() + str_r0 + r0, size);
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return value_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return value_.size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return range_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return range_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strgenrange;
         }

      private:

         bool               initialised_;
         expression_ptr          branch_;
         bool          branch_deletable_;
         str_base_ptr      str_base_ptr_;
         irange_ptr       str_range_ptr_;
         mutable range_t     base_range_;
         mutable range_t          range_;
         mutable std::string      value_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class string_concat_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                 public string_base_node<T>,
                                 public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*    str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>          range_t;
         typedef range_t*                   range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>          irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                 irange_ptr;

         string_concat_node(const operator_type& opr,
                            expression_ptr branch0,
                            expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           initialised_(false),
           str0_base_ptr_ (0),
           str1_base_ptr_ (0),
           str0_range_ptr_(0),
           str1_range_ptr_(0)
         {
            range_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);

            range_.cache.first  = range_.n0_c.second;
            range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               str0_range_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_range_ptr_)
                  return;
            }

            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               str1_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               str1_range_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_range_ptr_)
                  return;
            }

            initialised_ = str0_base_ptr_  &&
                           str1_base_ptr_  &&
                           str0_range_ptr_ &&
                           str1_range_ptr_ ;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               std::size_t str0_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t str0_r1 = 0;

               std::size_t str1_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t str1_r1 = 0;

               range_t& range0 = str0_range_ptr_->range_ref();
               range_t& range1 = str1_range_ptr_->range_ref();

               if (
                    range0(str0_r0,str0_r1,str0_base_ptr_->size()) &&
                    range1(str1_r0,str1_r1,str1_base_ptr_->size())
                  )
               {
                  const std::size_t size0 = (str0_r1 - str0_r0) + 1;
                  const std::size_t size1 = (str1_r1 - str1_r0) + 1;

                  value_.assign(str0_base_ptr_->base() + str0_r0, size0);
                  value_.append(str1_base_ptr_->base() + str1_r0, size1);

                  range_.n1_c.second  = value_.size() - 1;
                  range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return value_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return value_.size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return range_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return range_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strconcat;
         }

      private:

         bool initialised_;
         str_base_ptr str0_base_ptr_;
         str_base_ptr str1_base_ptr_;
         irange_ptr   str0_range_ptr_;
         irange_ptr   str1_range_ptr_;
         mutable range_t     range_;
         mutable std::string value_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class swap_string_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                               public string_base_node<T>,
                               public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef stringvar_node  <T>* strvar_node_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*    str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>          range_t;
         typedef range_t*                   range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>          irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                 irange_ptr;

         swap_string_node(expression_ptr branch0, expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(details::e_swap,branch0,branch1),
           initialised_(false),
           str0_node_ptr_(0),
           str1_node_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<strvar_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }

            if (is_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               str1_node_ptr_ = static_cast<strvar_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }

            initialised_ = (str0_node_ptr_ && str1_node_ptr_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               std::swap(str0_node_ptr_->ref(),str1_node_ptr_->ref());
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->str();
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return str0_node_ptr_->base();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->range_ref();
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->range_ref();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strswap;
         }

      private:

         bool initialised_;
         strvar_node_ptr str0_node_ptr_;
         strvar_node_ptr str1_node_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class stringvar_size_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         static std::string null_value;

         explicit stringvar_size_node()
         : value_(&null_value)
         {}

         explicit stringvar_size_node(std::string& v)
         : value_(&v)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return T((*value_).size());
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_stringvarsize;
         }

      private:

         std::string* value_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      std::string stringvar_size_node<T>::null_value = std::string("");

      template <typename T>
      class string_size_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*   str_base_ptr;

         string_size_node(expression_ptr brnch)
         : branch_(brnch),
           branch_deletable_(branch_deletable(branch_)),
           str_base_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_generally_string_node(branch_))
            {
               str_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(branch_);

               if (0 == str_base_ptr_)
                  return;
            }
         }

        ~string_size_node()
         {
            if (branch_ && branch_deletable_)
            {
               delete branch_;
               branch_ = 0;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();

            if (str_base_ptr_)
            {
               branch_->value();
               result = T(str_base_ptr_->size());
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_stringsize;
         }

      private:

         expression_ptr branch_;
         bool branch_deletable_;
         str_base_ptr str_base_ptr_;
      };

      struct asn_assignment
      {
         static inline void execute(std::string& s, const char* data, const std::size_t size)
         { s.assign(data,size); }
      };

      struct asn_addassignment
      {
         static inline void execute(std::string& s, const char* data, const std::size_t size)
         { s.append(data,size); }
      };

      template <typename T, typename AssignmentProcess = asn_assignment>
      class assignment_string_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                     public string_base_node<T>,
                                     public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef stringvar_node  <T>* strvar_node_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*    str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>          range_t;
         typedef range_t*                   range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>          irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                 irange_ptr;

         assignment_string_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                expression_ptr branch0,
                                expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           initialised_(false),
           str0_base_ptr_ (0),
           str1_base_ptr_ (0),
           str0_node_ptr_ (0),
           str1_range_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<strvar_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               str0_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }

            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               str1_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               irange_ptr range_ptr = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == range_ptr)
                  return;

               str1_range_ptr_ = &(range_ptr->range_ref());
            }

            initialised_ = str0_base_ptr_  &&
                           str1_base_ptr_  &&
                           str0_node_ptr_  &&
                           str1_range_ptr_ ;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               std::size_t r0 = 0;
               std::size_t r1 = 0;

               range_t& range = (*str1_range_ptr_);

               if (range(r0,r1,str1_base_ptr_->size()))
               {
                  AssignmentProcess::execute(str0_node_ptr_->ref(),
                                             str1_base_ptr_->base() + r0,
                                             (r1 - r0) + 1);

                  binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->str();
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return str0_node_ptr_->base();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->range_ref();
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->range_ref();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strass;
         }

      private:

         bool            initialised_;
         str_base_ptr    str0_base_ptr_;
         str_base_ptr    str1_base_ptr_;
         strvar_node_ptr str0_node_ptr_;
         range_ptr       str1_range_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename AssignmentProcess = asn_assignment>
      class assignment_string_range_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                           public string_base_node<T>,
                                           public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef stringvar_node  <T>* strvar_node_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*    str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>          range_t;
         typedef range_t*                   range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>          irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                 irange_ptr;

         assignment_string_range_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                      expression_ptr branch0,
                                      expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           initialised_(false),
           str0_base_ptr_ (0),
           str1_base_ptr_ (0),
           str0_node_ptr_ (0),
           str0_range_ptr_(0),
           str1_range_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_string_range_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<strvar_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               str0_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               irange_ptr range_ptr = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == range_ptr)
                  return;

               str0_range_ptr_ = &(range_ptr->range_ref());
            }

            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               str1_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               irange_ptr range_ptr = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == range_ptr)
                  return;

               str1_range_ptr_ = &(range_ptr->range_ref());
            }

            initialised_ = str0_base_ptr_  &&
                           str1_base_ptr_  &&
                           str0_node_ptr_  &&
                           str0_range_ptr_ &&
                           str1_range_ptr_ ;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               std::size_t s0_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t s0_r1 = 0;

               std::size_t s1_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t s1_r1 = 0;

               range_t& range0 = (*str0_range_ptr_);
               range_t& range1 = (*str1_range_ptr_);

               if (
                    range0(s0_r0,s0_r1,str0_base_ptr_->size()) &&
                    range1(s1_r0,s1_r1,str1_base_ptr_->size())
                  )
               {
                  std::size_t size = std::min((s0_r1 - s0_r0),(s1_r1 - s1_r0)) + 1;

                  std::copy(str1_base_ptr_->base() + s1_r0,
                            str1_base_ptr_->base() + s1_r0 + size,
                            const_cast<char*>(base() + s0_r0));
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->str();
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return str0_node_ptr_->base();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->range_ref();
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return str0_node_ptr_->range_ref();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strass;
         }

      private:

         bool            initialised_;
         str_base_ptr    str0_base_ptr_;
         str_base_ptr    str1_base_ptr_;
         strvar_node_ptr str0_node_ptr_;
         range_ptr       str0_range_ptr_;
         range_ptr       str1_range_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class conditional_string_node : public trinary_node    <T>,
                                      public string_base_node<T>,
                                      public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*   str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>         range_t;
         typedef range_t*                  range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>         irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                irange_ptr;

         conditional_string_node(expression_ptr test,
                                 expression_ptr consequent,
                                 expression_ptr alternative)
         : trinary_node<T>(details::e_default,consequent,alternative,test),
           initialised_(false),
           str0_base_ptr_ (0),
           str1_base_ptr_ (0),
           str0_range_ptr_(0),
           str1_range_ptr_(0),
           test_              (test),
           consequent_  (consequent),
           alternative_(alternative)
         {
            range_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);

            range_.cache.first  = range_.n0_c.second;
            range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

            if (is_generally_string_node(trinary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(trinary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               str0_range_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(trinary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_range_ptr_)
                  return;
            }

            if (is_generally_string_node(trinary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               str1_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(trinary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               str1_range_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(trinary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_range_ptr_)
                  return;
            }

            initialised_ = str0_base_ptr_  &&
                           str1_base_ptr_  &&
                           str0_range_ptr_ &&
                           str1_range_ptr_ ;

         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               std::size_t r0 = 0;
               std::size_t r1 = 0;

               if (is_true(test_))
               {
                  consequent_->value();

                  range_t& range = str0_range_ptr_->range_ref();

                  if (range(r0,r1,str0_base_ptr_->size()))
                  {
                     const std::size_t size = (r1 - r0) + 1;

                     value_.assign(str0_base_ptr_->base() + r0, size);

                     range_.n1_c.second  = value_.size() - 1;
                     range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

                     return T(1);
                  }
               }
               else
               {
                  alternative_->value();

                  range_t& range = str1_range_ptr_->range_ref();

                  if (range(r0,r1,str1_base_ptr_->size()))
                  {
                     const std::size_t size = (r1 - r0) + 1;

                     value_.assign(str1_base_ptr_->base() + r0, size);

                     range_.n1_c.second  = value_.size() - 1;
                     range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

                     return T(0);
                  }
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return value_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return value_.size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return range_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return range_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strcondition;
         }

      private:

         bool initialised_;
         str_base_ptr str0_base_ptr_;
         str_base_ptr str1_base_ptr_;
         irange_ptr   str0_range_ptr_;
         irange_ptr   str1_range_ptr_;
         mutable range_t     range_;
         mutable std::string value_;

         expression_ptr test_;
         expression_ptr consequent_;
         expression_ptr alternative_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class cons_conditional_str_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                        public string_base_node<T>,
                                        public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*   str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>         range_t;
         typedef range_t*                  range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>         irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                irange_ptr;

         cons_conditional_str_node(expression_ptr test,
                                   expression_ptr consequent)
         : binary_node<T>(details::e_default,consequent,test),
           initialised_(false),
           str0_base_ptr_ (0),
           str0_range_ptr_(0),
           test_      (test),
           consequent_(consequent)
         {
            range_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);

            range_.cache.first  = range_.n0_c.second;
            range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               str0_range_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_range_ptr_)
                  return;
            }

            initialised_ = str0_base_ptr_ && str0_range_ptr_ ;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (initialised_)
            {
               std::size_t r0 = 0;
               std::size_t r1 = 0;

               if (is_true(test_))
               {
                  consequent_->value();

                  range_t& range = str0_range_ptr_->range_ref();

                  if (range(r0,r1,str0_base_ptr_->size()))
                  {
                     const std::size_t size = (r1 - r0) + 1;

                     value_.assign(str0_base_ptr_->base() + r0, size);

                     range_.n1_c.second  = value_.size() - 1;
                     range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

                     return T(1);
                  }
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return value_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return value_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return value_.size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return range_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return range_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strccondition;
         }

      private:

         bool initialised_;
         str_base_ptr str0_base_ptr_;
         irange_ptr   str0_range_ptr_;
         mutable range_t     range_;
         mutable std::string value_;

         expression_ptr test_;
         expression_ptr consequent_;
      };
      #endif

      template <typename T, std::size_t N>
      inline T axn(T a, T x)
      {
         // a*x^n
         return a * exprtk::details::numeric::fast_exp<T,N>::result(x);
      }

      template <typename T, std::size_t N>
      inline T axnb(T a, T x, T b)
      {
         // a*x^n+b
         return a * exprtk::details::numeric::fast_exp<T,N>::result(x) + b;
      }

      template <typename T>
      struct sf_base
      {
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T>::Type Type;
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::qfunc_t quaternary_functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::tfunc_t    trinary_functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t     binary_functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::ufunc_t      unary_functor_t;
      };

      #define define_sfop3(NN,OP0,OP1)                   \
      template <typename T>                              \
      struct sf##NN##_op : public sf_base<T>             \
      {                                                  \
         typedef typename sf_base<T>::Type Type;         \
         static inline T process(Type x, Type y, Type z) \
         {                                               \
            return (OP0);                                \
         }                                               \
         static inline std::string id()                  \
         {                                               \
            return OP1;                                  \
         }                                               \
      };                                                 \

      define_sfop3(00,(x + y) / z       ,"(t+t)/t")
      define_sfop3(01,(x + y) * z       ,"(t+t)*t")
      define_sfop3(02,(x + y) - z       ,"(t+t)-t")
      define_sfop3(03,(x + y) + z       ,"(t+t)+t")
      define_sfop3(04,(x - y) + z       ,"(t-t)+t")
      define_sfop3(05,(x - y) / z       ,"(t-t)/t")
      define_sfop3(06,(x - y) * z       ,"(t-t)*t")
      define_sfop3(07,(x * y) + z       ,"(t*t)+t")
      define_sfop3(08,(x * y) - z       ,"(t*t)-t")
      define_sfop3(09,(x * y) / z       ,"(t*t)/t")
      define_sfop3(10,(x * y) * z       ,"(t*t)*t")
      define_sfop3(11,(x / y) + z       ,"(t/t)+t")
      define_sfop3(12,(x / y) - z       ,"(t/t)-t")
      define_sfop3(13,(x / y) / z       ,"(t/t)/t")
      define_sfop3(14,(x / y) * z       ,"(t/t)*t")
      define_sfop3(15,x / (y + z)       ,"t/(t+t)")
      define_sfop3(16,x / (y - z)       ,"t/(t-t)")
      define_sfop3(17,x / (y * z)       ,"t/(t*t)")
      define_sfop3(18,x / (y / z)       ,"t/(t/t)")
      define_sfop3(19,x * (y + z)       ,"t*(t+t)")
      define_sfop3(20,x * (y - z)       ,"t*(t-t)")
      define_sfop3(21,x * (y * z)       ,"t*(t*t)")
      define_sfop3(22,x * (y / z)       ,"t*(t/t)")
      define_sfop3(23,x - (y + z)       ,"t-(t+t)")
      define_sfop3(24,x - (y - z)       ,"t-(t-t)")
      define_sfop3(25,x - (y / z)       ,"t-(t/t)")
      define_sfop3(26,x - (y * z)       ,"t-(t*t)")
      define_sfop3(27,x + (y * z)       ,"t+(t*t)")
      define_sfop3(28,x + (y / z)       ,"t+(t/t)")
      define_sfop3(29,x + (y + z)       ,"t+(t+t)")
      define_sfop3(30,x + (y - z)       ,"t+(t-t)")
      define_sfop3(31,(axnb<T,2>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(32,(axnb<T,3>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(33,(axnb<T,4>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(34,(axnb<T,5>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(35,(axnb<T,6>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(36,(axnb<T,7>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(37,(axnb<T,8>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(38,(axnb<T,9>(x,y,z)),"       ")
      define_sfop3(39,x * numeric::log(y)   + z,"")
      define_sfop3(40,x * numeric::log(y)   - z,"")
      define_sfop3(41,x * numeric::log10(y) + z,"")
      define_sfop3(42,x * numeric::log10(y) - z,"")
      define_sfop3(43,x * numeric::sin(y) + z  ,"")
      define_sfop3(44,x * numeric::sin(y) - z  ,"")
      define_sfop3(45,x * numeric::cos(y) + z  ,"")
      define_sfop3(46,x * numeric::cos(y) - z  ,"")
      define_sfop3(47,details::is_true(x) ? y : z,"")

      #define define_sfop4(NN,OP0,OP1)                           \
      template <typename T>                                      \
      struct sf##NN##_op : public sf_base<T>                     \
      {                                                          \
         typedef typename sf_base<T>::Type Type;                 \
         static inline T process(Type x, Type y, Type z, Type w) \
         {                                                       \
            return (OP0);                                        \
         }                                                       \
         static inline std::string id() { return OP1; }          \
      };                                                         \

      define_sfop4(48,(x + ((y + z) / w)),"t+((t+t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(49,(x + ((y + z) * w)),"t+((t+t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(50,(x + ((y - z) / w)),"t+((t-t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(51,(x + ((y - z) * w)),"t+((t-t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(52,(x + ((y * z) / w)),"t+((t*t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(53,(x + ((y * z) * w)),"t+((t*t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(54,(x + ((y / z) + w)),"t+((t/t)+t)")
      define_sfop4(55,(x + ((y / z) / w)),"t+((t/t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(56,(x + ((y / z) * w)),"t+((t/t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(57,(x - ((y + z) / w)),"t-((t+t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(58,(x - ((y + z) * w)),"t-((t+t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(59,(x - ((y - z) / w)),"t-((t-t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(60,(x - ((y - z) * w)),"t-((t-t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(61,(x - ((y * z) / w)),"t-((t*t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(62,(x - ((y * z) * w)),"t-((t*t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(63,(x - ((y / z) / w)),"t-((t/t)/t)")
      define_sfop4(64,(x - ((y / z) * w)),"t-((t/t)*t)")
      define_sfop4(65,(((x + y) * z) - w),"((t+t)*t)-t")
      define_sfop4(66,(((x - y) * z) - w),"((t-t)*t)-t")
      define_sfop4(67,(((x * y) * z) - w),"((t*t)*t)-t")
      define_sfop4(68,(((x / y) * z) - w),"((t/t)*t)-t")
      define_sfop4(69,(((x + y) / z) - w),"((t+t)/t)-t")
      define_sfop4(70,(((x - y) / z) - w),"((t-t)/t)-t")
      define_sfop4(71,(((x * y) / z) - w),"((t*t)/t)-t")
      define_sfop4(72,(((x / y) / z) - w),"((t/t)/t)-t")
      define_sfop4(73,((x * y) + (z * w)),"(t*t)+(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(74,((x * y) - (z * w)),"(t*t)-(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(75,((x * y) + (z / w)),"(t*t)+(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(76,((x * y) - (z / w)),"(t*t)-(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(77,((x / y) + (z / w)),"(t/t)+(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(78,((x / y) - (z / w)),"(t/t)-(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(79,((x / y) - (z * w)),"(t/t)-(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(80,(x / (y + (z * w))),"t/(t+(t*t))")
      define_sfop4(81,(x / (y - (z * w))),"t/(t-(t*t))")
      define_sfop4(82,(x * (y + (z * w))),"t*(t+(t*t))")
      define_sfop4(83,(x * (y - (z * w))),"t*(t-(t*t))")

      define_sfop4(84,(axn<T,2>(x,y) + axn<T,2>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(85,(axn<T,3>(x,y) + axn<T,3>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(86,(axn<T,4>(x,y) + axn<T,4>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(87,(axn<T,5>(x,y) + axn<T,5>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(88,(axn<T,6>(x,y) + axn<T,6>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(89,(axn<T,7>(x,y) + axn<T,7>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(90,(axn<T,8>(x,y) + axn<T,8>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(91,(axn<T,9>(x,y) + axn<T,9>(z,w)),"")
      define_sfop4(92,((details::is_true(x) && details::is_true(y)) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(93,((details::is_true(x) || details::is_true(y)) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(94,((x <  y) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(95,((x <= y) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(96,((x >  y) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(97,((x >= y) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(98,(details::is_true(numeric::equal(x,y)) ? z : w),"")
      define_sfop4(99,(x * numeric::sin(y) + z * numeric::cos(w)),"")

      define_sfop4(ext00,((x + y) - (z * w)),"(t+t)-(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext01,((x + y) - (z / w)),"(t+t)-(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext02,((x + y) + (z * w)),"(t+t)+(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext03,((x + y) + (z / w)),"(t+t)+(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext04,((x - y) + (z * w)),"(t-t)+(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext05,((x - y) + (z / w)),"(t-t)+(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext06,((x - y) - (z * w)),"(t-t)-(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext07,((x - y) - (z / w)),"(t-t)-(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext08,((x + y) - (z - w)),"(t+t)-(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext09,((x + y) + (z - w)),"(t+t)+(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext10,((x + y) * (z - w)),"(t+t)*(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext11,((x + y) / (z - w)),"(t+t)/(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext12,((x - y) - (z + w)),"(t-t)-(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext13,((x - y) + (z + w)),"(t-t)+(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext14,((x - y) * (z + w)),"(t-t)*(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext15,((x - y) / (z + w)),"(t-t)/(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext16,((x * y) - (z + w)),"(t*t)-(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext17,((x / y) - (z + w)),"(t/t)-(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext18,((x * y) + (z + w)),"(t*t)+(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext19,((x / y) + (z + w)),"(t/t)+(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext20,((x * y) + (z - w)),"(t*t)+(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext21,((x / y) + (z - w)),"(t/t)+(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext22,((x * y) - (z - w)),"(t*t)-(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext23,((x / y) - (z - w)),"(t/t)-(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext24,((x + y) * (z * w)),"(t+t)*(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext25,((x + y) * (z / w)),"(t+t)*(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext26,((x + y) / (z * w)),"(t+t)/(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext27,((x + y) / (z / w)),"(t+t)/(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext28,((x - y) / (z * w)),"(t-t)/(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext29,((x - y) / (z / w)),"(t-t)/(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext30,((x - y) * (z * w)),"(t-t)*(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext31,((x - y) * (z / w)),"(t-t)*(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext32,((x * y) * (z + w)),"(t*t)*(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext33,((x / y) * (z + w)),"(t/t)*(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext34,((x * y) / (z + w)),"(t*t)/(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext35,((x / y) / (z + w)),"(t/t)/(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext36,((x * y) / (z - w)),"(t*t)/(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext37,((x / y) / (z - w)),"(t/t)/(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext38,((x * y) * (z - w)),"(t*t)*(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext39,((x * y) / (z * w)),"(t*t)/(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext40,((x / y) * (z / w)),"(t/t)*(t/t)")
      define_sfop4(ext41,((x / y) * (z - w)),"(t/t)*(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext42,((x * y) * (z * w)),"(t*t)*(t*t)")
      define_sfop4(ext43,(x + (y * (z / w))),"t+(t*(t/t))")
      define_sfop4(ext44,(x - (y * (z / w))),"t-(t*(t/t))")
      define_sfop4(ext45,(x + (y / (z * w))),"t+(t/(t*t))")
      define_sfop4(ext46,(x - (y / (z * w))),"t-(t/(t*t))")
      define_sfop4(ext47,(((x - y) - z) * w),"((t-t)-t)*t")
      define_sfop4(ext48,(((x - y) - z) / w),"((t-t)-t)/t")
      define_sfop4(ext49,(((x - y) + z) * w),"((t-t)+t)*t")
      define_sfop4(ext50,(((x - y) + z) / w),"((t-t)+t)/t")
      define_sfop4(ext51,((x + (y - z)) * w),"(t+(t-t))*t")
      define_sfop4(ext52,((x + (y - z)) / w),"(t+(t-t))/t")
      define_sfop4(ext53,((x + y) / (z + w)),"(t+t)/(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext54,((x - y) / (z - w)),"(t-t)/(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext55,((x + y) * (z + w)),"(t+t)*(t+t)")
      define_sfop4(ext56,((x - y) * (z - w)),"(t-t)*(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext57,((x - y) + (z - w)),"(t-t)+(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext58,((x - y) - (z - w)),"(t-t)-(t-t)")
      define_sfop4(ext59,((x / y) + (z * w)),"(t/t)+(t*t)")

      #undef define_sfop3
      #undef define_sfop4

      template <typename T, typename SpecialFunction>
      class sf3_node : public trinary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         sf3_node(const operator_type& opr,
                  expression_ptr branch0,
                  expression_ptr branch1,
                  expression_ptr branch2)
         : trinary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1,branch2)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T x = trinary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
            const T y = trinary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();
            const T z = trinary_node<T>::branch_[2].first->value();

            return SpecialFunction::process(x,y,z);
         }
      };

      template <typename T, typename SpecialFunction>
      class sf4_node : public quaternary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         sf4_node(const operator_type& opr,
                  expression_ptr branch0,
                  expression_ptr branch1,
                  expression_ptr branch2,
                  expression_ptr branch3)
         : quaternary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1,branch2,branch3)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            const T x = quaternary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
            const T y = quaternary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();
            const T z = quaternary_node<T>::branch_[2].first->value();
            const T w = quaternary_node<T>::branch_[3].first->value();

            return SpecialFunction::process(x,y,z,w);
         }
      };

      template <typename T, typename SpecialFunction>
      class sf3_var_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         sf3_var_node(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2)
         : v0_(v0),
           v1_(v1),
           v2_(v2)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return SpecialFunction::process(v0_,v1_,v2_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_trinary;
         }

      private:

         sf3_var_node(sf3_var_node<T,SpecialFunction>&);
         sf3_var_node<T,SpecialFunction>& operator=(sf3_var_node<T,SpecialFunction>&);

         const T& v0_;
         const T& v1_;
         const T& v2_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename SpecialFunction>
      class sf4_var_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         sf4_var_node(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2, const T& v3)
         : v0_(v0),
           v1_(v1),
           v2_(v2),
           v3_(v3)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return SpecialFunction::process(v0_,v1_,v2_,v3_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_trinary;
         }

      private:

         sf4_var_node(sf4_var_node<T,SpecialFunction>&);
         sf4_var_node<T,SpecialFunction>& operator=(sf4_var_node<T,SpecialFunction>&);

         const T& v0_;
         const T& v1_;
         const T& v2_;
         const T& v3_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename VarArgFunction>
      class vararg_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         vararg_node(const Sequence<expression_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            arg_list_.resize(arg_list.size());
            delete_branch_.resize(arg_list.size());

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list[i])
               {
                       arg_list_[i] = arg_list[i];
                  delete_branch_[i] = static_cast<unsigned char>(branch_deletable(arg_list_[i]) ? 1 : 0);
               }
               else
               {
                  arg_list_.clear();
                  delete_branch_.clear();
                  return;
               }
            }
         }

        ~vararg_node()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list_[i] && delete_branch_[i])
               {
                  delete arg_list_[i];
                  arg_list_[i] = 0;
               }
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (!arg_list_.empty())
               return VarArgFunction::process(arg_list_);
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vararg;
         }

      private:

         std::vector<expression_ptr> arg_list_;
         std::vector<unsigned char> delete_branch_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename VarArgFunction>
      class vararg_varnode : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         vararg_varnode(const Sequence<expression_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            arg_list_.resize(arg_list.size());

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list[i] && is_variable_node(arg_list[i]))
               {
                  variable_node<T>* var_node_ptr = static_cast<variable_node<T>*>(arg_list[i]);
                  arg_list_[i] = (&var_node_ptr->ref());
               }
               else
               {
                  arg_list_.clear();
                  return;
               }
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (!arg_list_.empty())
               return VarArgFunction::process(arg_list_);
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vararg;
         }

      private:

         std::vector<const T*> arg_list_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename VecFunction>
      class vectorize_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         vectorize_node(const expression_ptr v)
         : ivec_ptr_(0),
           v_(v),
           v_deletable_(branch_deletable(v_))
         {
            if (is_ivector_node(v))
            {
               ivec_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(v);
            }
            else
               ivec_ptr_ = 0;
         }

        ~vectorize_node()
         {
            if (v_ && v_deletable_)
            {
               delete v_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (ivec_ptr_)
            {
               v_->value();
               return VecFunction::process(ivec_ptr_);
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecfunc;
         }

      private:

         vector_interface<T>* ivec_ptr_;
         expression_ptr v_;
         bool v_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class assignment_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         assignment_node(const operator_type& opr,
                         expression_ptr branch0,
                         expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           var_node_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_variable_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               var_node_ptr_ = static_cast<variable_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (var_node_ptr_)
            {
               T& result = var_node_ptr_->ref();
               result = binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               return result;
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

      private:

         variable_node<T>* var_node_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class assignment_vec_elem_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         assignment_vec_elem_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                  expression_ptr branch0,
                                  expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec_node_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_vector_elem_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_elem_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               T& result = vec_node_ptr_->ref();
               result = binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               return result;
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

      private:

         vector_elem_node<T>* vec_node_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class assignment_vec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                  public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*    vector_node_ptr;

         assignment_vec_node(const operator_type& opr,
                             expression_ptr branch0,
                             expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_    (0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
               vec_size_     = vec_node_ptr_->ref().size();
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec_hldr = vec_node_ptr_->ref();
               const T v = binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  (*vec_hldr[i]) = v;
               }

               return vec_node_ptr_->value();
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvalass;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class assignment_vecvec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                     public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         assignment_vecvec_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                expression_ptr branch0,
                                expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec1_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }

            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vec1_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec1_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vec_size_ = std::min(vec0_node_ptr_->ref().size(),
                                    vec1_node_ptr_->ref().size());
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  (*vec0[i]) = (*vec1[i]);
               }

               return vec0_node_ptr_->value();
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvecass;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec0_node_ptr_;
         vector_node<T>* vec1_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class assignment_op_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         assignment_op_node(const operator_type& opr,
                            expression_ptr branch0,
                            expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           var_node_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_variable_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               var_node_ptr_ = static_cast<variable_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (var_node_ptr_)
            {
               T& v = var_node_ptr_->ref();
               v = Operation::process(v,binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value());

               return v;
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

      private:

         variable_node<T>* var_node_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class assignment_vec_elem_op_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         assignment_vec_elem_op_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                     expression_ptr branch0,
                                     expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec_node_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_vector_elem_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_elem_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               T& v = vec_node_ptr_->ref();
                  v = Operation::process(v,binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value());

               return v;
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

      private:

         vector_elem_node<T>* vec_node_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class assignment_vec_op_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                     public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         assignment_vec_op_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                expression_ptr branch0,
                                expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_    (0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
               vec_size_     = vec_node_ptr_->ref().size();
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec_hldr = vec_node_ptr_->ref();
               const T v = binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  T& vec_i = *vec_hldr[i];
                     vec_i = Operation::process(vec_i,v);
               }

               return vec_node_ptr_->value();
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecopvalass;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class assignment_vecvec_op_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                        public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         assignment_vecvec_op_node(const operator_type& opr,
                                expression_ptr branch0,
                                expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec1_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }

            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vec1_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec1_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vec_size_ = std::min(vec0_node_ptr_->ref().size(),
                                    vec1_node_ptr_->ref().size());
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  T& vec0_i = *vec0[i];
                  T& vec1_i = *vec1[i];
                  vec0_i = Operation::process(vec0_i,vec1_i);
               }

               return vec0_node_ptr_->value();
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecopvecass;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec0_node_ptr_;
         vector_node<T>* vec1_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class eqineq_vecvec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                 public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         eqineq_vecvec_node(const operator_type& opr,
                            expression_ptr branch0,
                            expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec1_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0)
         {

            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first)))
               {
                  vec0_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vec1_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec1_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vec_size_ = std::min(vec0_node_ptr_->ref().size(),
                                    vec1_node_ptr_->ref().size());
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  if (std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),Operation::process(*vec0[i],*vec1[i])))
                  {
                     return T(0);
                  }
               }

               return T(1);
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec0_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvecineq;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec0_node_ptr_;
         vector_node<T>* vec1_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class eqineq_vecval_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                 public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         eqineq_vecval_node(const operator_type& opr,
                            expression_ptr branch0,
                            expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_    (0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first)))
               {
                  vec_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               vec_size_ = vec_node_ptr_->ref().size();
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
                     binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               T v = binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec_hldr = vec_node_ptr_->ref();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  if (std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),Operation::process(*vec_hldr[i],v)))
                  {
                     return T(0);
                  }
               }

               return T(1);
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvalineq;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class eqineq_valvec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                 public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*  expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*     vector_node_ptr;

         eqineq_valvec_node(const operator_type& opr,
                            expression_ptr branch0,
                            expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_    (0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vec_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               vec_size_ = vec_node_ptr_->ref().size();
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec_node_ptr_)
            {
               T v = binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
                     binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec_hldr = vec_node_ptr_->ref();

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  if (std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),Operation::process(v,*vec_hldr[i])))
                  {
                     return T(0);
                  }
               }

               return T(1);
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return vec_node_ptr_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_valvecineq;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node<T>* vec_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t     vec_size_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class vecarith_vecvec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                   public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*    expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*       vector_node_ptr;
         typedef vector_holder<T>*   vector_holder_ptr;

         vecarith_vecvec_node(const operator_type& opr,
                              expression_ptr branch0,
                              expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec1_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0),
           data_         (0),
           temp_         (0),
           temp_vec_node_(0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first)))
               {
                  vec0_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vec1_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec1_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();

               vec_size_      = std::min(vec0.size(),vec1.size());
               data_          = new T[vec_size_];
               temp_          = new vector_holder<T>(data_,vec_size_);
               temp_vec_node_ = new vector_node<T>  (temp_);
            }
         }

        ~vecarith_vecvec_node()
         {
            delete[] data_;
            delete   temp_;
            delete   temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec0_node_ptr_ && vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec2 = *temp_;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {

                  T& vec0_i = *vec0[i];
                  T& vec1_i = *vec1[i];
                  T& vec2_i = *vec2[i];

                  vec2_i = Operation::process(vec0_i,vec1_i);
               }

               return *vec2[0];
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvecarith;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node_ptr   vec0_node_ptr_;
         vector_node_ptr   vec1_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t       vec_size_;
         T*                data_;
         vector_holder_ptr temp_;
         vector_node_ptr   temp_vec_node_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class vecarith_vecval_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                   public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*    expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*       vector_node_ptr;
         typedef vector_holder<T>*   vector_holder_ptr;

         vecarith_vecval_node(const operator_type& opr,
                              expression_ptr branch0,
                              expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0),
           data_         (0),
           temp_         (0),
           temp_vec_node_(0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vec0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first)))
               {
                  vec0_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();

               vec_size_      = vec0.size();
               data_          = new T[vec_size_];
               temp_          = new vector_holder<T>(data_,vec_size_);
               temp_vec_node_ = new vector_node<T>  (temp_);
            }
         }

        ~vecarith_vecval_node()
         {
            delete[] data_;
            delete   temp_;
            delete   temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec0_node_ptr_)
            {
                           binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               const T v = binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = *temp_;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  T& vec0_i = *vec0[i];
                  T& vec1_i = *vec1[i];

                  vec1_i = Operation::process(vec0_i,v);
               }

               return *vec1[0];
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvalarith;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node_ptr   vec0_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t       vec_size_;
         T*                data_;
         vector_holder_ptr temp_;
         vector_node_ptr   temp_vec_node_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class vecarith_valvec_node : public binary_node     <T>,
                                   public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*    expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*       vector_node_ptr;
         typedef vector_holder<T>*   vector_holder_ptr;

         vecarith_valvec_node(const operator_type& opr,
                              expression_ptr branch0,
                              expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           vec1_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0),
           data_         (0),
           temp_         (0),
           temp_vec_node_(0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vec1_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first)))
               {
                  vec1_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();

               vec_size_      = vec0.size();
               data_          = new T[vec_size_];
               temp_          = new vector_holder<T>(data_,vec_size_);
               temp_vec_node_ = new vector_node<T>  (temp_);
            }
         }

        ~vecarith_valvec_node()
         {
            delete[] data_;
            delete   temp_;
            delete   temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (vec1_node_ptr_)
            {
               const T v = binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
                           binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = vec1_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec2 = *temp_;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  T& vec1_i = *vec1[i];
                  T& vec2_i = *vec2[i];

                  vec2_i = Operation::process(v,vec1_i);
               }

               return *vec2[0];
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecvalarith;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node_ptr   vec1_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t       vec_size_;
         T*                data_;
         vector_holder_ptr temp_;
         vector_node_ptr   temp_vec_node_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class unary_vector_node : public unary_node      <T>,
                                public vector_interface<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>*    expression_ptr;
         typedef vector_node<T>*       vector_node_ptr;
         typedef vector_holder<T>*   vector_holder_ptr;

         unary_vector_node(const operator_type& opr, expression_ptr branch0)
         : unary_node<T>(opr,branch0),
           vec0_node_ptr_(0),
           vec_size_     (0),
           data_         (0),
           temp_         (0),
           temp_vec_node_(0)
         {
            if (is_vector_node(unary_node<T>::branch_))
            {
               vec0_node_ptr_ = static_cast<vector_node_ptr>(unary_node<T>::branch_);
            }
            else if (is_ivector_node(unary_node<T>::branch_))
            {
               vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

               if ((vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(unary_node<T>::branch_)))
               {
                  vec0_node_ptr_ = vi->vec();
               }
            }

            if (vec0_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();

               vec_size_      = vec0.size();
               data_          = new T[vec_size_];
               temp_          = new vector_holder<T>(data_,vec_size_);
               temp_vec_node_ = new vector_node<T>  (temp_);
            }
         }

        ~unary_vector_node()
         {
            delete[] data_;
            delete   temp_;
            delete   temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            unary_node<T>::branch_->value();

            if (vec0_node_ptr_)
            {
               vector_holder<T>& vec0 = vec0_node_ptr_->ref();
               vector_holder<T>& vec1 = *temp_;

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_size_; ++i)
               {
                  T& vec0_i = *vec0[i];
                  T& vec1_i = *vec1[i];

                  vec1_i = Operation::process(vec0_i);
               }

               return *vec1[0];
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec() const
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         vector_node_ptr vec()
         {
            return temp_vec_node_;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vecunaryop;
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return vec_size_;
         }

      private:

         vector_node_ptr   vec0_node_ptr_;
         std::size_t       vec_size_;
         T*                data_;
         vector_holder_ptr temp_;
         vector_node_ptr   temp_vec_node_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class scand_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         scand_node(const operator_type& opr,
                    expression_ptr branch0,
                    expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()
                        (T(0),binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value()) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()
                        (T(0),binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value())
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class scor_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         scor_node(const operator_type& opr,
                   expression_ptr branch0,
                   expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()
                        (T(0),binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value()) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()
                        (T(0),binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value())
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }
      };

      template <typename T, typename IFunction, std::size_t N>
      class function_N_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         // Function of N paramters.
         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;
         typedef IFunction ifunction;

         function_N_node(ifunction* func)
         : function_((N == func->param_count) ? func : reinterpret_cast<ifunction*>(0)),
           parameter_count_(func->param_count)
         {}

        ~function_N_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,N>(branch_);
         }

         template <std::size_t NumBranches>
         bool init_branches(expression_ptr (&b)[NumBranches])
         {
            // Needed for incompetent and broken msvc compiler versions
            #ifdef _MSC_VER
             #pragma warning(push)
             #pragma warning(disable: 4127)
            #endif
            if (N != NumBranches)
               return false;
            else
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < NumBranches; ++i)
               {
                  if (b[i])
                     branch_[i] = std::make_pair(b[i],branch_deletable(b[i]));
                  else
                     return false;
               }
               return true;
            }
            #ifdef _MSC_VER
             #pragma warning(pop)
            #endif
         }

         inline bool operator <(const function_N_node<T,IFunction,N>& fn) const
         {
            return this < (&fn);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            // Needed for incompetent and broken msvc compiler versions
            #ifdef _MSC_VER
             #pragma warning(push)
             #pragma warning(disable: 4127)
            #endif
            if ((0 == function_) || (0 == N))
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            else
            {
               T v[N];
               evaluate_branches<T,N>::execute(v,branch_);
               return invoke<T,N>::execute(*function_,v);
            }
            #ifdef _MSC_VER
             #pragma warning(pop)
            #endif
         }

         template <typename T_, std::size_t BranchCount>
         struct evaluate_branches
         {
            static inline void execute(T_ (&v)[BranchCount], const branch_t (&b)[BranchCount])
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < BranchCount; ++i)
               {
                  v[i] = b[i].first->value();
               }
            }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct evaluate_branches <T_,5>
         {
            static inline void execute(T_ (&v)[5], const branch_t (&b)[5])
            {
               v[0] = b[0].first->value();
               v[1] = b[1].first->value();
               v[2] = b[2].first->value();
               v[3] = b[3].first->value();
               v[4] = b[4].first->value();
            }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct evaluate_branches <T_,4>
         {
            static inline void execute(T_ (&v)[4], const branch_t (&b)[4])
            {
               v[0] = b[0].first->value();
               v[1] = b[1].first->value();
               v[2] = b[2].first->value();
               v[3] = b[3].first->value();
            }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct evaluate_branches <T_,3>
         {
            static inline void execute(T_ (&v)[3], const branch_t (&b)[3])
            {
               v[0] = b[0].first->value();
               v[1] = b[1].first->value();
               v[2] = b[2].first->value();
            }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct evaluate_branches <T_,2>
         {
            static inline void execute(T_ (&v)[2], const branch_t (&b)[2])
            {
               v[0] = b[0].first->value();
               v[1] = b[1].first->value();
            }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct evaluate_branches <T_,1>
         {
            static inline void execute(T_ (&v)[1], const branch_t (&b)[1])
            {
               v[0] = b[0].first->value();
            }
         };

         template <typename T_, std::size_t ParamCount>
         struct invoke { static inline T execute(ifunction&, branch_t (&)[ParamCount]) { return std::numeric_limits<T_>::quiet_NaN(); } };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,20>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[20])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13],v[14],v[15],v[16],v[17],v[18],v[19]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,19>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[19])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13],v[14],v[15],v[16],v[17],v[18]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,18>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[18])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13],v[14],v[15],v[16],v[17]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,17>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[17])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13],v[14],v[15],v[16]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,16>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[16])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13],v[14],v[15]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,15>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[15])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13],v[14]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,14>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[14])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12],v[13]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,13>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[13])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11],v[12]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,12>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[12])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10],v[11]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,11>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[11])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9],v[10]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,10>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[10])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8],v[9]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,9>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[9])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7],v[8]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,8>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[8])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6],v[7]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,7>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[7])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5],v[6]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,6>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[6])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4],v[5]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,5>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[5])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3],v[4]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,4>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[4])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2],v[3]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,3>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[3])
            { return f(v[0],v[1],v[2]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,2>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[2])
            { return f(v[0],v[1]); }
         };

         template <typename T_>
         struct invoke<T_,1>
         {
            static inline T_ execute(ifunction& f, T_ (&v)[1])
            { return f(v[0]); }
         };

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_function;
         }

      private:

         ifunction* function_;
         std::size_t parameter_count_;
         branch_t branch_[N];
      };

      template <typename T, typename IFunction>
      class function_N_node<T,IFunction,0> : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef IFunction ifunction;

         function_N_node(ifunction* func)
         : function_((0 == func->param_count) ? func : reinterpret_cast<ifunction*>(0))
         {}

         inline bool operator <(const function_N_node<T,IFunction,0>& fn) const
         {
            return this < (&fn);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (function_)
               return (*function_)();
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_function;
         }

      private:

         ifunction* function_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename VarArgFunction>
      class vararg_function_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;

         vararg_function_node(VarArgFunction*  func,
                              const std::vector<expression_ptr>& arg_list)
         : function_(func),
           arg_list_(arg_list)
         {
            value_list_.resize(arg_list.size(),std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
         }

        ~vararg_function_node()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (arg_list_[i] && !details::is_variable_node(arg_list_[i]))
               {
                  delete arg_list_[i];
                  arg_list_[i] = 0;
               }
            }
         }

         inline bool operator <(const vararg_function_node<T,VarArgFunction>& fn) const
         {
            return this < (&fn);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (function_)
            {
               populate_value_list();
               return (*function_)(value_list_);
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_vafunction;
         }

      private:

         inline void populate_value_list() const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               value_list_[i] = arg_list_[i]->value();
            }
         }

         VarArgFunction* function_;
         std::vector<expression_ptr> arg_list_;
         mutable std::vector<T> value_list_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename GenericFunction>
      class generic_function_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef type_store<T>                      type_store_t;
         typedef expression_node<T>*              expression_ptr;
         typedef variable_node<T>                variable_node_t;
         typedef vector_elem_node<T>          vector_elem_node_t;
         typedef vector_node<T>                    vector_node_t;
         typedef variable_node_t*            variable_node_ptr_t;
         typedef vector_elem_node_t*      vector_elem_node_ptr_t;
         typedef vector_node_t*                vector_node_ptr_t;
         typedef range_interface<T>            range_interface_t;
         typedef range_data_type<T>            range_data_type_t;
         typedef range_pack<T>                           range_t;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool>         branch_t;
         typedef std::pair<void*,std::size_t>             void_t;
         typedef std::vector<T>                         tmp_vs_t;
         typedef std::vector<type_store_t>      typestore_list_t;
         typedef std::vector<range_data_type_t>     range_list_t;

         generic_function_node(const std::vector<expression_ptr>& arg_list,
                               GenericFunction* func = (GenericFunction*)(0))
         : function_(func),
           arg_list_(arg_list)
         {}

        ~generic_function_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute(branch_);
         }

         virtual bool init_branches()
         {
            expr_as_vec1_store_.resize(arg_list_.size(),T(0)               );
            typestore_list_    .resize(arg_list_.size(),type_store_t()     );
            range_list_        .resize(arg_list_.size(),range_data_type_t());
            branch_            .resize(arg_list_.size(),branch_t((expression_ptr)0,false));

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               type_store_t& ts = typestore_list_[i];

               if (0 == arg_list_[i])
                  return false;
               else if (is_ivector_node(arg_list_[i]))
               {
                  vector_interface<T>* vi = reinterpret_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(0);

                  if (0 == (vi = dynamic_cast<vector_interface<T>*>(arg_list_[i])))
                     return false;

                  ts.size = vi->size();
                  ts.data = vi->vec()->ref()[0];
                  ts.type = type_store_t::e_vector;
               }
               else if (is_generally_string_node(arg_list_[i]))
               {
                  string_base_node<T>* sbn = reinterpret_cast<string_base_node<T>*>(0);

                  if (0 == (sbn = dynamic_cast<string_base_node<T>*>(arg_list_[i])))
                     return false;

                  ts.size = sbn->size();
                  ts.data = reinterpret_cast<void*>(const_cast<char*>(sbn->base()));
                  ts.type = type_store_t::e_string;

                  range_list_[i].data      = ts.data;
                  range_list_[i].size      = ts.size;
                  range_list_[i].type_size = sizeof(char);
                  range_list_[i].str_node  = sbn;

                  range_interface_t* ri = reinterpret_cast<range_interface_t*>(0);

                  if (0 == (ri = dynamic_cast<range_interface_t*>(arg_list_[i])))
                     return false;

                  range_t& rp = ri->range_ref();

                  if (
                       rp.const_range() &&
                       is_const_string_range_node(arg_list_[i])
                     )
                  {
                     ts.size = rp.const_size();
                     ts.data = static_cast<char*>(ts.data) + rp.n0_c.second;
                     range_list_[i].range = reinterpret_cast<range_t*>(0);
                  }
                  else
                     range_list_[i].range = &(ri->range_ref());
               }
               else if (is_variable_node(arg_list_[i]))
               {
                  variable_node_ptr_t var = variable_node_ptr_t(0);

                  if (0 == (var = dynamic_cast<variable_node_ptr_t>(arg_list_[i])))
                     return false;

                  ts.size = 1;
                  ts.data = &var->ref();
                  ts.type = type_store_t::e_scalar;
               }
               else if (is_vector_elem_node(arg_list_[i]))
               {
                  vector_elem_node_ptr_t var = vector_elem_node_ptr_t(0);

                  if (0 == (var = dynamic_cast<vector_elem_node_ptr_t>(arg_list_[i])))
                     return false;

                  ts.size = 1;
                  ts.data = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&var->ref());
                  ts.type = type_store_t::e_scalar;
               }
               else
               {
                  ts.size = 1;
                  ts.data = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&expr_as_vec1_store_[i]);
                  ts.type = type_store_t::e_scalar;
               }

               branch_[i] = std::make_pair(arg_list_[i],branch_deletable(arg_list_[i]));
            }

            return true;
         }

         inline bool operator <(const generic_function_node<T,GenericFunction>& fn) const
         {
            return this < (&fn);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (function_)
            {
               if (populate_value_list())
               {
                  typedef typename GenericFunction::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;

                  return (*function_)(parameter_list_t(typestore_list_));
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_genfunction;
         }

      protected:

         inline virtual bool populate_value_list() const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < branch_.size(); ++i)
            {
               expr_as_vec1_store_[i] = branch_[i].first->value();
            }

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < branch_.size(); ++i)
            {
               range_data_type_t& rdt = range_list_[i];

               if (rdt.range)
               {
                  range_t&    rp = (*rdt.range);
                  std::size_t r0 = 0;
                  std::size_t r1 = 0;

                  if (rp(r0,r1,rdt.size))
                  {
                     type_store_t& ts = typestore_list_[i];

                     ts.size = rp.cache_size();

                     if (ts.type == type_store_t::e_string)
                        ts.data = const_cast<char*>(rdt.str_node->base()) + rp.cache.first;
                     else
                        ts.data = static_cast<char*>(rdt.data) + (rp.cache.first * rdt.type_size);
                  }
                  else
                     return false;
               }
            }

            return true;
         }

         GenericFunction* function_;
         mutable typestore_list_t typestore_list_;

      private:

         std::vector<expression_ptr> arg_list_;
         std::vector<branch_t> branch_;
         mutable tmp_vs_t expr_as_vec1_store_;
         mutable range_list_t range_list_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename StringFunction>
      class string_function_node : public generic_function_node<T,StringFunction>,
                                   public string_base_node<T>,
                                   public range_interface <T>
      {
      public:

         typedef generic_function_node<T,StringFunction> gen_function_t;
         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         string_function_node(StringFunction* func,
                              const std::vector<typename gen_function_t::expression_ptr>& arg_list)
         : gen_function_t(arg_list,func)
         {
            range_.n0_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.n1_c = std::make_pair<bool,std::size_t>(true,0);
            range_.cache.first  = range_.n0_c.second;
            range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;
         }

         inline bool operator <(const string_function_node<T,StringFunction>& fn) const
         {
            return this < (&fn);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();

            if (gen_function_t::function_)
            {
               if (gen_function_t::populate_value_list())
               {
                  typedef typename StringFunction::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;

                  result = (*gen_function_t::function_)(ret_string_,
                                                        parameter_list_t(gen_function_t::typestore_list_));

                  range_.n1_c.second  = ret_string_.size() - 1;
                  range_.cache.second = range_.n1_c.second;

                  return result;
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strfunction;
         }

         std::string str() const
         {
            return ret_string_;
         }

         const char* base() const
         {
           return ret_string_.data();
         }

         std::size_t size() const
         {
            return ret_string_.size();
         }

         range_t& range_ref()
         {
            return range_;
         }

         const range_t& range_ref() const
         {
            return range_;
         }

      protected:

         mutable range_t     range_;
         mutable std::string ret_string_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename GenericFunction>
      class multimode_genfunction_node : public generic_function_node<T,GenericFunction>
      {
      public:

         typedef generic_function_node<T,GenericFunction> gen_function_t;
         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         multimode_genfunction_node(GenericFunction* func,
                                    const std::size_t& param_seq_index,
                                    const std::vector<typename gen_function_t::expression_ptr>& arg_list)
         : gen_function_t(arg_list,func),
           param_seq_index_(param_seq_index)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();

            if (gen_function_t::function_)
            {
               if (gen_function_t::populate_value_list())
               {
                  typedef typename GenericFunction::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;

                  return (*gen_function_t::function_)(param_seq_index_,
                                                      parameter_list_t(gen_function_t::typestore_list_));
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_genfunction;
         }

      private:

         std::size_t param_seq_index_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename StringFunction>
      class multimode_strfunction_node : public string_function_node<T,StringFunction>
      {
      public:

         typedef string_function_node<T,StringFunction> str_function_t;
         typedef range_pack<T> range_t;

         multimode_strfunction_node(StringFunction* func,
                                    const std::size_t& param_seq_index,
                                    const std::vector<typename str_function_t::expression_ptr>& arg_list)
         : str_function_t(func,arg_list),
           param_seq_index_(param_seq_index)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            T result = std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();

            if (str_function_t::function_)
            {
               if (str_function_t::populate_value_list())
               {
                  typedef typename StringFunction::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;

                  result = (*str_function_t::function_)(param_seq_index_,
                                                        str_function_t::ret_string_,
                                                        parameter_list_t(str_function_t::typestore_list_));

                  str_function_t::range_.n1_c.second  = str_function_t::ret_string_.size() - 1;
                  str_function_t::range_.cache.second = str_function_t::range_.n1_c.second;

                  return result;
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_strfunction;
         }

      private:

         std::size_t param_seq_index_;
      };

      class return_exception
      {};

      template <typename T>
      class null_igenfunc
      {
      public:

         typedef type_store<T> generic_type;
         typedef typename generic_type::parameter_list parameter_list_t;

         inline virtual T operator()(parameter_list_t)
         {
            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class return_node : public generic_function_node<T,null_igenfunc<T> >
      {
      public:

         typedef null_igenfunc<T> igeneric_function_t;
         typedef igeneric_function_t* igeneric_function_ptr;
         typedef generic_function_node<T,igeneric_function_t> gen_function_t;
         typedef results_context<T> results_context_t;

         return_node(const std::vector<typename gen_function_t::expression_ptr>& arg_list,
                     results_context_t& rc)
         : gen_function_t  (arg_list),
           results_context_(&rc)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (
                 (0 != results_context_) &&
                 gen_function_t::populate_value_list()
               )
            {
               typedef typename type_store<T>::parameter_list parameter_list_t;

               results_context_->
                  assign(parameter_list_t(gen_function_t::typestore_list_));

               throw return_exception();
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_return;
         }

      private:

         results_context_t* results_context_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class return_envelope_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef results_context<T>  results_context_t;

         return_envelope_node(expression_ptr body, results_context_t& rc)
         : results_context_(&rc),
           return_invoked_ (false),
           body_           (body),
           body_deletable_ (branch_deletable(body_))
         {}

        ~return_envelope_node()
         {
            if (body_ && body_deletable_)
            {
               delete body_;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            try
            {
               return_invoked_ = false;
               results_context_->clear();

               return body_->value();
            }
            catch(const return_exception&)
            {
               return_invoked_ = true;
               return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
            }
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_retenv;
         }

         inline bool* retinvk_ptr()
         {
            return &return_invoked_;
         }

      private:

         results_context_t* results_context_;
         mutable bool       return_invoked_;
         expression_ptr     body_;
         bool               body_deletable_;
      };

      #define exprtk_define_unary_op(OpName)                         \
      template <typename T>                                          \
      struct OpName##_op                                             \
      {                                                              \
         typedef typename functor_t<T>::Type Type;                   \
                                                                     \
         static inline T process(Type v)                             \
         {                                                           \
            return numeric:: OpName (v);                             \
         }                                                           \
                                                                     \
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() \
         {                                                           \
            return expression_node<T>::e_##OpName;                   \
         }                                                           \
                                                                     \
         static inline details::operator_type operation()            \
         {                                                           \
            return details::e_##OpName;                              \
         }                                                           \
      };                                                             \

      exprtk_define_unary_op(abs  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(acos )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(acosh)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(asin )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(asinh)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(atan )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(atanh)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(ceil )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(cos  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(cosh )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(cot  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(csc  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(d2g  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(d2r  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(erf  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(erfc )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(exp  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(expm1)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(floor)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(frac )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(g2d  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(log  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(log10)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(log2 )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(log1p)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(ncdf )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(neg  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(notl )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(pos  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(r2d  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(round)
      exprtk_define_unary_op(sec  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(sgn  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(sin  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(sinc )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(sinh )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(sqrt )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(tan  )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(tanh )
      exprtk_define_unary_op(trunc)
      #undef exprtk_define_unary_op

      template <typename T>
      struct opr_base
      {
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T>::Type Type;
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::qfunc_t quaternary_functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::tfunc_t    trinary_functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t     binary_functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::ufunc_t      unary_functor_t;
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct add_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return t1 + t2; }
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2, Type t3) { return t1 + t2 + t3; }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_add; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_add; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct mul_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return t1 * t2; }
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2, Type t3) { return t1 * t2 * t3; }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_mul; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_mul; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct sub_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return t1 - t2; }
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2, Type t3) { return t1 - t2 - t3; }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_sub; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_sub; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct div_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return t1 / t2; }
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2, Type t3) { return t1 / t2 / t3; }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_div; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_div; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct mod_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return numeric::modulus<T>(t1,t2); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_mod; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_mod; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct pow_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return numeric::pow<T>(t1,t2); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_pow; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_pow; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct lt_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return ((t1 < t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((t1 < t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_lt; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_lt; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct lte_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return ((t1 <= t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((t1 <= t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_lte; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_lte; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct gt_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return ((t1 > t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((t1 > t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_gt; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_gt; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct gte_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return ((t1 >= t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((t1 >= t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_gte; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_gte; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct eq_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return (std::equal_to<T>()(t1,t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((t1 == t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_eq; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_eq; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct ne_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return (std::not_equal_to<T>()(t1,t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((t1 != t2) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_ne; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_ne; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct and_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return (details::is_true(t1) && details::is_true(t2)) ? T(1) : T(0); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_and; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_and; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct nand_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return (details::is_true(t1) && details::is_true(t2)) ? T(0) : T(1); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_nand; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_nand; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct or_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return (details::is_true(t1) || details::is_true(t2)) ? T(1) : T(0); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_or; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_or; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct nor_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return (details::is_true(t1) || details::is_true(t2)) ? T(0) : T(1); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_nor; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_nor; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct xor_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return numeric::xor_opr<T>(t1,t2); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_nor; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_xor; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct xnor_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(Type t1, Type t2) { return numeric::xnor_opr<T>(t1,t2); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_nor; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_xnor; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct in_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(const T&, const T&) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return ((std::string::npos != t2.find(t1)) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_in; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_in; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct like_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(const T&, const T&) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return (details::wc_match(t2,t1) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_like; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_like; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct ilike_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(const T&, const T&) { return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN(); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2) { return (details::wc_imatch(t2,t1) ? T(1) : T(0)); }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_ilike; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_ilike; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct inrange_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;
         static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1, const T& t2) { return ((t0 <= t1) && (t1 <= t2)) ? T(1) : T(0); }
         static inline T process(const std::string& t0, const std::string& t1, const std::string& t2)
         {
            return ((t0 <= t1) && (t1 <= t2)) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }
         static inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() { return expression_node<T>::e_inranges; }
         static inline details::operator_type operation() { return details::e_inrange; }
      };

      template <typename T>
      inline T value(details::expression_node<T>* n)
      {
         return n->value();
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline T value(T* t)
      {
         return (*t);
      }

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_add_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 0  : return T(0);
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            T result = T(0);

                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
                            {
                              result += value(arg_list[i]);
                            }

                            return result;
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]) +
                   value(arg_list[2]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]) +
                   value(arg_list[2]) + value(arg_list[3]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]) +
                   value(arg_list[2]) + value(arg_list[3]) +
                   value(arg_list[4]);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_mul_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 0  : return T(0);
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            T result = T(value(arg_list[0]));

                            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
                            {
                               result *= value(arg_list[i]);
                            }

                            return result;
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) * value(arg_list[1]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) * value(arg_list[1]) *
                   value(arg_list[2]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) * value(arg_list[1]) *
                   value(arg_list[2]) * value(arg_list[3]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]) * value(arg_list[1]) *
                   value(arg_list[2]) * value(arg_list[3]) *
                   value(arg_list[4]);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_avg_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 0  : return T(0);
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default : return vararg_add_op<T>::process(arg_list) / arg_list.size();
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1])) / T(2);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]) + value(arg_list[2])) / T(3);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]) +
                    value(arg_list[2]) + value(arg_list[3])) / T(4);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (value(arg_list[0]) + value(arg_list[1]) +
                    value(arg_list[2]) + value(arg_list[3]) +
                    value(arg_list[4])) / T(5);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_min_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 0  : return T(0);
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            T result = T(value(arg_list[0]));

                            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
                            {
                               const T v = value(arg_list[i]);

                               if (v < result)
                                  result = v;
                            }

                            return result;
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::min<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1]));
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::min<T>(std::min<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1])),value(arg_list[2]));
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::min<T>(
                        std::min<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1])),
                        std::min<T>(value(arg_list[2]),value(arg_list[3])));
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::min<T>(
                   std::min<T>(std::min<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1])),
                               std::min<T>(value(arg_list[2]),value(arg_list[3]))),
                               value(arg_list[4]));
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_max_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 0  : return T(0);
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            T result = T(value(arg_list[0]));

                            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
                            {
                               const T v = value(arg_list[i]);
                               if (v > result)
                                  result = v;
                            }

                            return result;
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::max<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1]));
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::max<T>(std::max<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1])),value(arg_list[2]));
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::max<T>(
                        std::max<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1])),
                        std::max<T>(value(arg_list[2]),value(arg_list[3])));
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::max<T>(
                   std::max<T>(std::max<T>(value(arg_list[0]),value(arg_list[1])),
                               std::max<T>(value(arg_list[2]),value(arg_list[3]))),
                               value(arg_list[4]));
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_mand_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
                            {
                               if (std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[i])))
                                  return T(0);
                            }

                            return T(1);
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::not_equal_to<T>()
                      (T(0),value(arg_list[0])) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[2]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[2])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[3]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[2])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[3])) &&
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[4]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_mor_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
                            {
                               if (std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[i])))
                                  return T(1);
                            }

                            return T(0);
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return std::not_equal_to<T>()
                      (T(0),value(arg_list[0])) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[2]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[2])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[3]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return (
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[0])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[1])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[2])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[3])) ||
                     std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),value(arg_list[4]))
                   ) ? T(1) : T(0);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vararg_multi_op : public opr_base<T>
      {
         typedef typename opr_base<T>::Type Type;

         template <typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         static inline T process(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (arg_list.size())
            {
               case 0  : return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
               case 1  : return process_1(arg_list);
               case 2  : return process_2(arg_list);
               case 3  : return process_3(arg_list);
               case 4  : return process_4(arg_list);
               case 5  : return process_5(arg_list);
               case 6  : return process_6(arg_list);
               case 7  : return process_7(arg_list);
               case 8  : return process_8(arg_list);
               default :
                         {
                            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (arg_list.size() - 1); ++i)
                            {
                               value(arg_list[i]);
                            }

                            return value(arg_list.back());
                         }
            }
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_1(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
            return value(arg_list[0]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_2(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
            return value(arg_list[1]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_3(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
                   value(arg_list[1]);
            return value(arg_list[2]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_4(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
                   value(arg_list[1]);
                   value(arg_list[2]);
            return value(arg_list[3]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_5(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
                   value(arg_list[1]);
                   value(arg_list[2]);
                   value(arg_list[3]);
            return value(arg_list[4]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_6(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
                   value(arg_list[1]);
                   value(arg_list[2]);
                   value(arg_list[3]);
                   value(arg_list[4]);
            return value(arg_list[5]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_7(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
                   value(arg_list[1]);
                   value(arg_list[2]);
                   value(arg_list[3]);
                   value(arg_list[4]);
                   value(arg_list[5]);
            return value(arg_list[6]);
         }

         template <typename Sequence>
         static inline T process_8(const Sequence& arg_list)
         {
                   value(arg_list[0]);
                   value(arg_list[1]);
                   value(arg_list[2]);
                   value(arg_list[3]);
                   value(arg_list[4]);
                   value(arg_list[5]);
                   value(arg_list[6]);
            return value(arg_list[7]);
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vec_add_op
      {
         typedef vector_interface<T>* ivector_ptr;

         static inline T process(const ivector_ptr v)
         {
            vector_holder<T>& vec = v->vec()->ref();

            T result = T(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i)
            {
              result += (*vec[i]);
            }

            return result;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vec_mul_op
      {
         typedef vector_interface<T>* ivector_ptr;

         static inline T process(const ivector_ptr v)
         {
            vector_holder<T>& vec = v->vec()->ref();

            T result = (*vec[0]);

            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < vec.size(); ++i)
            {
              result *= (*vec[i]);
            }

            return result;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vec_avg_op
      {
         typedef vector_interface<T>* ivector_ptr;

         static inline T process(const ivector_ptr v)
         {
            vector_holder<T>& vec = v->vec()->ref();

            T result = T(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i)
            {
              result += (*vec[i]);
            }

            return result / vec.size();
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vec_min_op
      {
         typedef vector_interface<T>* ivector_ptr;

         static inline T process(const ivector_ptr v)
         {
            vector_holder<T>& vec = v->vec()->ref();

            T result = (*vec[0]);

            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < vec.size(); ++i)
            {
              T v_i = (*vec[i]);

              if (v_i < result)
                result = v_i;
            }

            return result;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct vec_max_op
      {
         typedef vector_interface<T>* ivector_ptr;

         static inline T process(const ivector_ptr v)
         {
            vector_holder<T>& vec = v->vec()->ref();

            T result = (*vec[0]);

            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < vec.size(); ++i)
            {
              T v_i = (*vec[i]);
              if (v_i > result)
                result = v_i;
            }

            return result;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class vov_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         virtual const T& v0() const = 0;

         virtual const T& v1() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class cov_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         virtual const T c() const = 0;

         virtual const T& v() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class voc_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         virtual const T c() const = 0;

         virtual const T& v() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class vob_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         virtual const T& v() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class bov_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         virtual const T& v() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class cob_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         virtual const T c() const = 0;

         virtual void set_c(const T) = 0;

         virtual expression_node<T>* move_branch(const std::size_t& index) = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class boc_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         virtual const T c() const = 0;

         virtual void set_c(const T) = 0;

         virtual expression_node<T>* move_branch(const std::size_t& index) = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class uv_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         virtual const T& v() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class sos_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class sosos_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         inline virtual operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }
      };

      template <typename T>
      class T0oT1oT2_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         virtual std::string type_id() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class T0oT1oT2oT3_base_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         virtual std::string type_id() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class unary_variable_node : public uv_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         explicit unary_variable_node(const T& var)
         : v_(var)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(v_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T& v() const
         {
            return v_;
         }

      private:

         unary_variable_node(unary_variable_node<T,Operation>&);
         unary_variable_node<T,Operation>& operator=(unary_variable_node<T,Operation>&);

         const T& v_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      class uvouv_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         // UOpr1(v0) Op UOpr2(v1)

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t      bfunc_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::ufunc_t      ufunc_t;

         explicit uvouv_node(const T& var0,const T& var1,
                             ufunc_t uf0, ufunc_t uf1, bfunc_t bf)
         : v0_(var0),
           v1_(var1),
           u0_(uf0),
           u1_(uf1),
           f_ (bf)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return f_(u0_(v0_),u1_(v1_));
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_uvouv;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return details::e_default;
         }

         inline const T& v0()
         {
            return v0_;
         }

         inline const T& v1()
         {
            return v1_;
         }

         inline ufunc_t u0()
         {
            return u0_;
         }

         inline ufunc_t u1()
         {
            return u1_;
         }

         inline ufunc_t f()
         {
            return f_;
         }

      private:

         uvouv_node(uvouv_node<T>&);
         uvouv_node<T>& operator=(uvouv_node<T>&);

         const T& v0_;
         const T& v1_;
         const ufunc_t u0_;
         const ufunc_t u1_;
         const bfunc_t f_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class unary_branch_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         explicit unary_branch_node(expression_ptr brnch)
         : branch_(brnch),
           branch_deletable_(branch_deletable(branch_))
         {}

        ~unary_branch_node()
         {
            if (branch_ && branch_deletable_)
            {
               delete branch_;
               branch_ = 0;
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(branch_->value());
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_;
         }

         inline void release()
         {
            branch_deletable_ = false;
         }

      private:

         unary_branch_node(unary_branch_node<T,Operation>&);
         unary_branch_node<T,Operation>& operator=(unary_branch_node<T,Operation>&);

         expression_ptr branch_;
         bool           branch_deletable_;
      };

      template <typename T> struct is_const                { enum {result = 0}; };
      template <typename T> struct is_const <const T>      { enum {result = 1}; };
      template <typename T> struct is_const_ref            { enum {result = 0}; };
      template <typename T> struct is_const_ref <const T&> { enum {result = 1}; };
      template <typename T> struct is_ref                  { enum {result = 0}; };
      template <typename T> struct is_ref<T&>              { enum {result = 1}; };
      template <typename T> struct is_ref<const T&>        { enum {result = 0}; };

      template <std::size_t State>
      struct param_to_str { static std::string result() { static const std::string r("v"); return r; } };

      template <>
      struct param_to_str<0> { static std::string result() { static const std::string r("c"); return r; } };

      #define exprtk_crtype(Type)                          \
      param_to_str<is_const_ref< Type >::result>::result() \

      template <typename T>
      struct T0oT1oT2process
      {
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t      bfunc_t;

         struct mode0
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1, const T& t2, const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1)
            {
               // (T0 o0 T1) o1 T2
               return bf1(bf0(t0,t1),t2);
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "(" + exprtk_crtype(T0) + "o"   +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T1) + ")o(" +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T2) + ")"   ;
               return result;
            }
         };

         struct mode1
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1, const T& t2, const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1)
            {
               // T0 o0 (T1 o1 T2)
               return bf0(t0,bf1(t1,t2));
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "(" + exprtk_crtype(T0) + ")o(" +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T1) + "o"   +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T2) + ")"   ;
               return result;
            }
         };
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct T0oT1oT20T3process
      {
         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t      bfunc_t;

         struct mode0
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1,
                                    const T& t2, const T& t3,
                                    const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1, const bfunc_t bf2)
            {
               // (T0 o0 T1) o1 (T2 o2 T3)
               return bf1(bf0(t0,t1),bf2(t2,t3));
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "(" + exprtk_crtype(T0) + "o"  +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T1) + ")o" +
                                                 "(" + exprtk_crtype(T2) + "o"  +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T3) + ")"  ;
               return result;
            }
         };

         struct mode1
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1,
                                    const T& t2, const T& t3,
                                    const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1, const bfunc_t bf2)
            {
               // (T0 o0 (T1 o1 (T2 o2 T3))
               return bf0(t0,bf1(t1,bf2(t2,t3)));
            }
            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "(" + exprtk_crtype(T0) +  ")o((" +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T1) +  ")o("  +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T2) +  "o"    +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T3) +  "))"   ;
               return result;
            }
         };

         struct mode2
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1,
                                    const T& t2, const T& t3,
                                    const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1, const bfunc_t bf2)
            {
               // (T0 o0 ((T1 o1 T2) o2 T3)
               return bf0(t0,bf2(bf1(t1,t2),t3));
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "(" + exprtk_crtype(T0) + ")o((" +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T1) + "o"    +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T2) + ")o("  +
                                                       exprtk_crtype(T3) + "))"   ;
               return result;
            }
         };

         struct mode3
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1,
                                    const T& t2, const T& t3,
                                    const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1, const bfunc_t bf2)
            {
               // (((T0 o0 T1) o1 T2) o2 T3)
               return bf2(bf1(bf0(t0,t1),t2),t3);
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "((" + exprtk_crtype(T0) + "o"    +
                                                        exprtk_crtype(T1) + ")o("  +
                                                        exprtk_crtype(T2) + "))o(" +
                                                        exprtk_crtype(T3) + ")";
               return result;
            }
         };

         struct mode4
         {
            static inline T process(const T& t0, const T& t1,
                                    const T& t2, const T& t3,
                                    const bfunc_t bf0, const bfunc_t bf1, const bfunc_t bf2)
            {
               // ((T0 o0 (T1 o1 T2)) o2 T3
               return bf2(bf0(t0,bf1(t1,t2)),t3);
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline std::string id()
            {
               static const std::string result = "((" + exprtk_crtype(T0) + ")o("  +
                                                        exprtk_crtype(T1) + "o"    +
                                                        exprtk_crtype(T2) + "))o(" +
                                                        exprtk_crtype(T3) + ")"    ;
               return result;
            }
         };
      };

      #undef exprtk_crtype

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1>
      struct nodetype_T0oT1 { static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result; };
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1>
      const typename expression_node<T>::node_type nodetype_T0oT1<T,T0,T1>::result = expression_node<T>::e_none;

      #define synthesis_node_type_define(T0_,T1_,v_)                                                            \
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1>                                                           \
      struct nodetype_T0oT1<T,T0_,T1_> { static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result; };         \
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1>                                                           \
      const typename expression_node<T>::node_type nodetype_T0oT1<T,T0_,T1_>::result = expression_node<T>:: v_; \

      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&, e_vov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 , e_voc)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&, e_cov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(      T0&,      T1&,e_none)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,e_none)
      synthesis_node_type_define(      T0&,const T1 ,e_none)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,      T1&,e_none)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,      T1&,e_none)
      synthesis_node_type_define(      T0&,const T1&,e_none)
      #undef synthesis_node_type_define

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
      struct nodetype_T0oT1oT2 { static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result; };
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
      const typename expression_node<T>::node_type nodetype_T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2>::result = expression_node<T>::e_none;

      #define synthesis_node_type_define(T0_,T1_,T2_,v_)                                                               \
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>                                                     \
      struct nodetype_T0oT1oT2<T,T0_,T1_,T2_> { static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result; };         \
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>                                                     \
      const typename expression_node<T>::node_type nodetype_T0oT1oT2<T,T0_,T1_,T2_>::result = expression_node<T>:: v_; \

      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&,const T2&, e_vovov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&,const T2 , e_vovoc)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 ,const T2&, e_vocov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&,const T2&, e_covov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&,const T2 , e_covoc)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,const T2 , e_none )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,const T2&, e_none )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 ,const T2 , e_none )
      synthesis_node_type_define(      T0&,      T1&,      T2&, e_none )
      #undef synthesis_node_type_define

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
      struct nodetype_T0oT1oT2oT3 { static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result; };
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
      const typename expression_node<T>::node_type nodetype_T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3>::result = expression_node<T>::e_none;

      #define synthesis_node_type_define(T0_,T1_,T2_,T3_,v_)                                                                  \
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>                                               \
      struct nodetype_T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0_,T1_,T2_,T3_> { static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result; };         \
      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>                                               \
      const typename expression_node<T>::node_type nodetype_T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0_,T1_,T2_,T3_>::result = expression_node<T>:: v_; \

      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&,const T2&, const T3&,e_vovovov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&,const T2&, const T3 ,e_vovovoc)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&,const T2 , const T3&,e_vovocov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 ,const T2&, const T3&,e_vocovov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&,const T2&, const T3&,e_covovov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&,const T2 , const T3&,e_covocov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 ,const T2&, const T3 ,e_vocovoc)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&,const T2&, const T3 ,e_covovoc)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 ,const T2 , const T3&,e_vococov)
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,const T2 , const T3 ,e_none   )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,const T2 , const T3&,e_none   )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,const T2&, const T3 ,e_none   )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1&,const T2 , const T3 ,e_none   )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1 ,const T2 , const T3 ,e_none   )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0 ,const T1 ,const T2&, const T3&,e_none   )
      synthesis_node_type_define(const T0&,const T1&,const T2 , const T3 ,e_none   )
      #undef synthesis_node_type_define

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1>
      class T0oT1 : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t      bfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0oT1<T,T0,T1> node_type;

         T0oT1(T0 p0, T1 p1, const bfunc_t p2)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           f_ (p2)
         {}

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result = nodetype_T0oT1<T,T0,T1>::result;
            return result;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return e_default;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return f_(t0_,t1_);
         }

         inline T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         inline T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         inline bfunc_t f() const
         {
            return f_;
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator,
                                                    T0 p0, T1 p1,
                                                    bfunc_t p2)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,bfunc_t&>(p0,p1,p2);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1(T0oT1<T,T0,T1>&) {}
         T0oT1<T,T0,T1>& operator=(T0oT1<T,T0,T1>&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         const bfunc_t f_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename ProcessMode>
      class T0oT1oT2 : public T0oT1oT2_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t      bfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2,ProcessMode> node_type;
         typedef ProcessMode process_mode_t;

         T0oT1oT2(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, const bfunc_t p3, const bfunc_t p4)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           t2_(p2),
           f0_(p3),
           f1_(p4)
         {}

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result = nodetype_T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2>::result;
            return result;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return e_default;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return ProcessMode::process(t0_,t1_,t2_,f0_,f1_);
         }

         inline T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         inline T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         inline T2 t2() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         bfunc_t f0() const
         {
            return f0_;
         }

         bfunc_t f1() const
         {
            return f1_;
         }

         std::string type_id() const
         {
            return id();
         }

         static inline std::string id()
         {
            return process_mode_t::template id<T0,T1,T2>();
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator, T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, bfunc_t p3, bfunc_t p4)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,T2,bfunc_t,bfunc_t>(p0,p1,p2,p3,p4);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1oT2(node_type&) {}
         node_type& operator=(node_type&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         T2 t2_;
         const bfunc_t f0_;
         const bfunc_t f1_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0_, typename T1_, typename T2_, typename T3_, typename ProcessMode>
      class T0oT1oT2oT3 : public T0oT1oT2oT3_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t      bfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0_ T0;
         typedef T1_ T1;
         typedef T2_ T2;
         typedef T3_ T3;
         typedef T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,ProcessMode> node_type;
         typedef ProcessMode process_mode_t;

         T0oT1oT2oT3(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3, bfunc_t p4, bfunc_t p5, bfunc_t p6)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           t2_(p2),
           t3_(p3),
           f0_(p4),
           f1_(p5),
           f2_(p6)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return ProcessMode::process(t0_,t1_,t2_,t3_,f0_,f1_,f2_);
         }

         inline T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         inline T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         inline T2 t2() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         inline T3 t3() const
         {
            return t3_;
         }

         inline bfunc_t f0() const
         {
            return f0_;
         }

         inline bfunc_t f1() const
         {
            return f1_;
         }

         inline bfunc_t f2() const
         {
            return f2_;
         }

         inline std::string type_id() const
         {
            return id();
         }

         static inline std::string id()
         {
            return process_mode_t::template id<T0,T1,T2,T3>();
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator,
                                                    T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3,
                                                    bfunc_t p4, bfunc_t p5, bfunc_t p6)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,T2,T3,bfunc_t,bfunc_t>(p0,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1oT2oT3(node_type&) {}
         node_type& operator=(node_type&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         T2 t2_;
         T3 t3_;
         const bfunc_t f0_;
         const bfunc_t f1_;
         const bfunc_t f2_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
      class T0oT1oT2_sf3 : public T0oT1oT2_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::tfunc_t      tfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0oT1oT2_sf3<T,T0,T1,T2> node_type;

         T0oT1oT2_sf3(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, const tfunc_t p3)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           t2_(p2),
           f_ (p3)
         {}

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result = nodetype_T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2>::result;
            return result;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return e_default;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return f_(t0_,t1_,t2_);
         }

         inline T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         inline T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         inline T2 t2() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         tfunc_t f() const
         {
            return f_;
         }

         std::string type_id() const
         {
            return id();
         }

         static inline std::string id()
         {
            return "sf3";
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator, T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, tfunc_t p3)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,T2,tfunc_t>(p0,p1,p2,p3);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1oT2_sf3(node_type&) {}
         node_type& operator=(node_type&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         T2 t2_;
         const tfunc_t f_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
      class sf3ext_type_node : public T0oT1oT2_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         virtual T0 t0() const = 0;

         virtual T1 t1() const = 0;

         virtual T2 t2() const = 0;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename SF3Operation>
      class T0oT1oT2_sf3ext : public sf3ext_type_node<T,T0,T1,T2>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::tfunc_t      tfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0oT1oT2_sf3ext<T,T0,T1,T2,SF3Operation> node_type;

         T0oT1oT2_sf3ext(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           t2_(p2)
         {}

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result = nodetype_T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2>::result;
            return result;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return e_default;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return SF3Operation::process(t0_,t1_,t2_);
         }

         T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         T2 t2() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         std::string type_id() const
         {
            return id();
         }

         static inline std::string id()
         {
            return SF3Operation::id();
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator, T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,T2>(p0,p1,p2);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1oT2_sf3ext(node_type&) {}
         node_type& operator=(node_type&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         T2 t2_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_sf3ext_node(const expression_node<T>* n)
      {
         switch (n->type())
         {
            case expression_node<T>::e_vovov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vovoc : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vocov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_covov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_covoc : return true;
            default                          : return false;
         }
      }

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
      class T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4 : public T0oT1oT2_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::qfunc_t      qfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4<T,T0,T1,T2,T3> node_type;

         T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3, const qfunc_t p4)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           t2_(p2),
           t3_(p3),
           f_ (p4)
         {}

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result = nodetype_T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3>::result;
            return result;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return e_default;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return f_(t0_,t1_,t2_,t3_);
         }

         inline T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         inline T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         inline T2 t2() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         inline T3 t3() const
         {
            return t3_;
         }

         qfunc_t f() const
         {
            return f_;
         }

         std::string type_id() const
         {
            return id();
         }

         static inline std::string id()
         {
            return "sf4";
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator, T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3, qfunc_t p4)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,T2,T3,qfunc_t>(p0,p1,p2,p3,p4);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4(node_type&) {}
         node_type& operator=(node_type&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         T2 t2_;
         T3 t3_;
         const qfunc_t f_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename SF4Operation>
      class T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4ext : public T0oT1oT2oT3_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef typename details::functor_t<T> functor_t;
         typedef typename functor_t::tfunc_t      tfunc_t;
         typedef T value_type;
         typedef T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4ext<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,SF4Operation> node_type;

         T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4ext(T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3)
         : t0_(p0),
           t1_(p1),
           t2_(p2),
           t3_(p3)
         {}

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            static const typename expression_node<T>::node_type result = nodetype_T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3>::result;
            return result;
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return e_default;
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return SF4Operation::process(t0_,t1_,t2_,t3_);
         }

         inline T0 t0() const
         {
            return t0_;
         }

         inline T1 t1() const
         {
            return t1_;
         }

         inline T2 t2() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         inline T3 t3() const
         {
            return t2_;
         }

         std::string type_id() const
         {
            return id();
         }

         static inline std::string id()
         {
            return SF4Operation::id();
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         static inline expression_node<T>* allocate(Allocator& allocator, T0 p0, T1 p1, T2 p2, T3 p3)
         {
            return allocator.template allocate_type<node_type,T0,T1,T2,T3>(p0,p1,p2,p3);
         }

      private:

         T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4ext(node_type&) {}
         node_type& operator=(node_type&) { return *this; }

         T0 t0_;
         T1 t1_;
         T2 t2_;
         T3 t3_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_sf4ext_node(const expression_node<T>* n)
      {
         switch (n->type())
         {
            case expression_node<T>::e_vovovov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vovovoc : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vovocov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vocovov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_covovov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_covocov : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vocovoc : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_covovoc : return true;
            case expression_node<T>::e_vococov : return true;
            default                            : return false;
         }
      }

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1>
      struct T0oT1_define
      {
         typedef details::T0oT1<T,T0,T1> type0;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
      struct T0oT1oT2_define
      {
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2,typename T0oT1oT2process<T>::mode0> type0;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2<T,T0,T1,T2,typename T0oT1oT2process<T>::mode1> type1;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2_sf3<T,T0,T1,T2> sf3_type;
         typedef details::sf3ext_type_node<T,T0,T1,T2> sf3_type_node;
      };

      template <typename T, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
      struct T0oT1oT2oT3_define
      {
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,typename T0oT1oT20T3process<T>::mode0> type0;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,typename T0oT1oT20T3process<T>::mode1> type1;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,typename T0oT1oT20T3process<T>::mode2> type2;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,typename T0oT1oT20T3process<T>::mode3> type3;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3<T,T0,T1,T2,T3,typename T0oT1oT20T3process<T>::mode4> type4;
         typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4<T,T0,T1,T2,T3> sf4_type;
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class vov_node : public vov_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op variable node
         explicit vov_node(const T& var0, const T& var1)
         : v0_(var0),
           v1_(var1)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(v0_,v1_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T& v0() const
         {
            return v0_;
         }

         inline const T& v1() const
         {
            return v1_;
         }

      protected:

         const T& v0_;
         const T& v1_;

      private:

         vov_node(vov_node<T,Operation>&);
         vov_node<T,Operation>& operator=(vov_node<T,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class cov_node : public cov_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // constant op variable node
         explicit cov_node(const T& const_var, const T& var)
         : c_(const_var),
           v_(var)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(c_,v_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T c() const
         {
            return c_;
         }

         inline const T& v() const
         {
            return v_;
         }

      protected:

         const T  c_;
         const T& v_;

      private:

         cov_node(const cov_node<T,Operation>&);
         cov_node<T,Operation>& operator=(const cov_node<T,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class voc_node : public voc_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op constant node
         explicit voc_node(const T& var, const T& const_var)
         : v_(var),
           c_(const_var)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(v_,c_);
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T c() const
         {
            return c_;
         }

         inline const T& v() const
         {
            return v_;
         }

      protected:

         const T& v_;
         const T  c_;

      private:

         voc_node(const voc_node<T,Operation>&);
         voc_node<T,Operation>& operator=(const voc_node<T,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class vob_node : public vob_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op constant node
         explicit vob_node(const T& var, const expression_ptr brnch)
         : v_(var)
         {
            init_branches<1>(branch_,brnch);
         }

        ~vob_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,1>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(v_,branch_[0].first->value());
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T& v() const
         {
            return v_;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_[0].first;
         }

      private:

         vob_node(const vob_node<T,Operation>&);
         vob_node<T,Operation>& operator=(const vob_node<T,Operation>&);

         const T& v_;
         branch_t branch_[1];
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class bov_node : public bov_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op constant node
         explicit bov_node(const expression_ptr brnch, const T& var)
         : v_(var)
         {
            init_branches<1>(branch_,brnch);
         }

        ~bov_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,1>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(branch_[0].first->value(),v_);
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T& v() const
         {
            return v_;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_[0].first;
         }

      private:

         bov_node(const bov_node<T,Operation>&);
         bov_node<T,Operation>& operator=(const bov_node<T,Operation>&);

         const T& v_;
         branch_t branch_[1];
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class cob_node : public cob_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op constant node
         explicit cob_node(const T const_var, const expression_ptr brnch)
         : c_(const_var)
         {
            init_branches<1>(branch_,brnch);
         }

        ~cob_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,1>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(c_,branch_[0].first->value());
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T c() const
         {
            return c_;
         }

         inline void set_c(const T new_c)
         {
            (*const_cast<T*>(&c_)) = new_c;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_[0].first;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* move_branch(const std::size_t&)
         {
            branch_[0].second = false;
            return branch_[0].first;
         }

      private:

         cob_node(const cob_node<T,Operation>&);
         cob_node<T,Operation>& operator=(const cob_node<T,Operation>&);

         const T c_;
         branch_t branch_[1];
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class boc_node : public boc_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<expression_ptr,bool> branch_t;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op constant node
         explicit boc_node(const expression_ptr brnch, const T const_var)
         : c_(const_var)
         {
            init_branches<1>(branch_,brnch);
         }

        ~boc_node()
         {
            cleanup_branches::execute<T,1>(branch_);
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(branch_[0].first->value(),c_);
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline const T c() const
         {
            return c_;
         }

         inline void set_c(const T new_c)
         {
            (*const_cast<T*>(&c_)) = new_c;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* branch(const std::size_t&) const
         {
            return branch_[0].first;
         }

         inline expression_node<T>* move_branch(const std::size_t&)
         {
            branch_[0].second = false;
            return branch_[0].first;
         }

      private:

         boc_node(const boc_node<T,Operation>&);
         boc_node<T,Operation>& operator=(const boc_node<T,Operation>&);

         const T c_;
         branch_t branch_[1];
      };

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      template <typename T, typename SType0, typename SType1, typename Operation>
      class sos_node : public sos_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // string op string node
         explicit sos_node(SType0 p0, SType1 p1)
         : s0_(p0),
           s1_(p1)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(s0_,s1_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline std::string& s0()
         {
            return s0_;
         }

         inline std::string& s1()
         {
            return s1_;
         }

      protected:

         SType0 s0_;
         SType1 s1_;

      private:

         sos_node(sos_node<T,SType0,SType1,Operation>&);
         sos_node<T,SType0,SType1,Operation>& operator=(sos_node<T,SType0,SType1,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename SType0, typename SType1, typename RangePack, typename Operation>
      class str_xrox_node : public sos_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // string-range op string node
         explicit str_xrox_node(SType0 p0, SType1 p1, RangePack rp0)
         : s0_(p0),
           s1_(p1),
           rp0_(rp0)
         {}

        ~str_xrox_node()
         {
            rp0_.free();
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            std::size_t r0 = 0;
            std::size_t r1 = 0;

            if (rp0_(r0,r1,s0_.size()))
               return Operation::process(s0_.substr(r0,(r1 - r0) + 1),s1_);
            else
               return T(0);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline std::string& s0()
         {
            return s0_;
         }

         inline std::string& s1()
         {
            return s1_;
         }

      protected:

         SType0    s0_;
         SType1    s1_;
         RangePack rp0_;

      private:

         str_xrox_node(str_xrox_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>&);
         str_xrox_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>& operator=(str_xrox_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename SType0, typename SType1, typename RangePack, typename Operation>
      class str_xoxr_node : public sos_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // string op string range node
         explicit str_xoxr_node(SType0 p0, SType1 p1, RangePack rp1)
         : s0_ (p0 ),
           s1_ (p1 ),
           rp1_(rp1)
         {}

        ~str_xoxr_node()
         {
            rp1_.free();
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            std::size_t r0 = 0;
            std::size_t r1 = 0;

            if (rp1_(r0,r1,s1_.size()))
               return Operation::process(s0_,s1_.substr(r0,(r1 - r0) + 1));
            else
               return T(0);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline std::string& s0()
         {
            return s0_;
         }

         inline std::string& s1()
         {
            return s1_;
         }

      protected:

         SType0    s0_;
         SType1    s1_;
         RangePack rp1_;

      private:

         str_xoxr_node(str_xoxr_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>&);
         str_xoxr_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>& operator=(str_xoxr_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename SType0, typename SType1, typename RangePack, typename Operation>
      class str_xroxr_node : public sos_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // string-range op string-range node
         explicit str_xroxr_node(SType0 p0, SType1 p1, RangePack rp0, RangePack rp1)
         : s0_ (p0 ),
           s1_ (p1 ),
           rp0_(rp0),
           rp1_(rp1)
         {}

        ~str_xroxr_node()
         {
            rp0_.free();
            rp1_.free();
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            std::size_t r0_0 = 0;
            std::size_t r0_1 = 0;
            std::size_t r1_0 = 0;
            std::size_t r1_1 = 0;
            if (
                 rp0_(r0_0,r1_0,s0_.size()) &&
                 rp1_(r0_1,r1_1,s1_.size())
               )
            {
               return Operation::process(
                                          s0_.substr(r0_0,(r1_0 - r0_0) + 1),
                                          s1_.substr(r0_1,(r1_1 - r0_1) + 1)
                                        );
            }
            else
               return T(0);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline std::string& s0()
         {
            return s0_;
         }

         inline std::string& s1()
         {
            return s1_;
         }

      protected:

         SType0    s0_;
         SType1    s1_;
         RangePack rp0_;
         RangePack rp1_;

      private:

         str_xroxr_node(str_xroxr_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>&);
         str_xroxr_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>& operator=(str_xroxr_node<T,SType0,SType1,RangePack,Operation>&);
      };

      template <typename T, typename Operation>
      class str_sogens_node : public binary_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node <T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef string_base_node<T>*   str_base_ptr;
         typedef range_pack      <T>         range_t;
         typedef range_t*                  range_ptr;
         typedef range_interface<T>         irange_t;
         typedef irange_t*                irange_ptr;

         str_sogens_node(const operator_type& opr,
                         expression_ptr branch0,
                         expression_ptr branch1)
         : binary_node<T>(opr,branch0,branch1),
           str0_base_ptr_ (0),
           str1_base_ptr_ (0),
           str0_range_ptr_(0),
           str1_range_ptr_(0)
         {
            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first))
            {
               str0_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == str0_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               irange_ptr range_ptr = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first);

               if (0 == range_ptr)
                  return;

               str0_range_ptr_ = &(range_ptr->range_ref());
            }

            if (is_generally_string_node(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first))
            {
               str1_base_ptr_ = dynamic_cast<str_base_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == str1_base_ptr_)
                  return;

               irange_ptr range_ptr = dynamic_cast<irange_ptr>(binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first);

               if (0 == range_ptr)
                  return;

               str1_range_ptr_ = &(range_ptr->range_ref());
            }
         }

         inline T value() const
         {
            if (
                 str0_base_ptr_  &&
                 str1_base_ptr_  &&
                 str0_range_ptr_ &&
                 str1_range_ptr_
               )
            {
               binary_node<T>::branch_[0].first->value();
               binary_node<T>::branch_[1].first->value();

               std::size_t str0_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t str0_r1 = 0;

               std::size_t str1_r0 = 0;
               std::size_t str1_r1 = 0;

               range_t& range0 = (*str0_range_ptr_);
               range_t& range1 = (*str1_range_ptr_);

               if (
                    range0(str0_r0,str0_r1,str0_base_ptr_->size()) &&
                    range1(str1_r0,str1_r1,str1_base_ptr_->size())
                  )
               {
                  return Operation::process(
                                             str0_base_ptr_->str().substr(str0_r0,(str0_r1 - str0_r0) + 1),
                                             str1_base_ptr_->str().substr(str1_r0,(str1_r1 - str1_r0) + 1)
                                           );
               }
            }

            return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

      private:

         str_sogens_node(str_sogens_node<T,Operation>&);
         str_sogens_node<T,Operation>& operator=(str_sogens_node<T,Operation>&);

         str_base_ptr str0_base_ptr_;
         str_base_ptr str1_base_ptr_;
         range_ptr    str0_range_ptr_;
         range_ptr    str1_range_ptr_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename SType0, typename SType1, typename SType2, typename Operation>
      class sosos_node : public sosos_base_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef Operation operation_t;

         // variable op variable node
         explicit sosos_node(SType0 p0, SType1 p1, SType2 p2)
         : s0_(p0),
           s1_(p1),
           s2_(p2)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return Operation::process(s0_,s1_,s2_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return Operation::type();
         }

         inline operator_type operation() const
         {
            return Operation::operation();
         }

         inline std::string& s0()
         {
            return s0_;
         }

         inline std::string& s1()
         {
            return s1_;
         }

         inline std::string& s2()
         {
            return s2_;
         }

      protected:

         SType0 s0_;
         SType1 s1_;
         SType2 s2_;

      private:

         sosos_node(sosos_node<T,SType0,SType1,SType2,Operation>&);
         sosos_node<T,SType0,SType1,SType2,Operation>& operator=(sosos_node<T,SType0,SType1,SType2,Operation>&);
      };
      #endif

      template <typename T, typename PowOp>
      class ipow_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef PowOp operation_t;

         explicit ipow_node(const T& v)
         : v_(v)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return PowOp::result(v_);
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_ipow;
         }

      private:

         ipow_node(const ipow_node<T,PowOp>&);
         ipow_node<T,PowOp>& operator=(const ipow_node<T,PowOp>&);

         const T& v_;
      };

      template <typename T, typename PowOp>
      class ipowinv_node : public expression_node<T>
      {
      public:

         typedef expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
         typedef PowOp operation_t;

         explicit ipowinv_node(const T& v)
         : v_(v)
         {}

         inline T value() const
         {
            return (T(1) / PowOp::result(v_));
         }

         inline typename expression_node<T>::node_type type() const
         {
            return expression_node<T>::e_ipowinv;
         }

      private:

         ipowinv_node(const ipowinv_node<T,PowOp>&);
         ipowinv_node<T,PowOp>& operator=(const ipowinv_node<T,PowOp>&);

         const T& v_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_vov_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const vov_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_cov_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const cov_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_voc_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const voc_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_cob_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const cob_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_boc_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const boc_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_t0ot1ot2_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const T0oT1oT2_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_t0ot1ot2ot3_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const T0oT1oT2oT3_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_uv_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return (0 != dynamic_cast<const uv_base_node<T>*>(node));
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_stringvar == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_range_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_stringvarrng == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_const_string_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_stringconst == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_const_string_range_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_cstringvarrng == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_assignment_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_strass == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_concat_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_strconcat == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_function_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_strfunction == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_condition_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_strcondition == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_string_ccondition_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_strccondition == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_genricstring_range_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         return node && (expression_node<T>::e_strgenrange == node->type());
      }

      template <typename T>
      inline bool is_generally_string_node(const expression_node<T>* node)
      {
         if (node)
         {
            switch (node->type())
            {
               case expression_node<T>::e_stringvar     :
               case expression_node<T>::e_stringconst   :
               case expression_node<T>::e_stringvarrng  :
               case expression_node<T>::e_cstringvarrng :
               case expression_node<T>::e_strgenrange   :
               case expression_node<T>::e_strass        :
               case expression_node<T>::e_strconcat     :
               case expression_node<T>::e_strfunction   :
               case expression_node<T>::e_strcondition  :
               case expression_node<T>::e_strccondition : return true;
               default                                  : return false;
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      class node_allocator
      {
      public:

         template <typename ResultNode, typename OpType, typename ExprNode>
         inline expression_node<typename ResultNode::value_type>* allocate(OpType& operation, ExprNode (&branch)[1])
         {
            return allocate<ResultNode>(operation,branch[0]);
         }

         template <typename ResultNode, typename OpType, typename ExprNode>
         inline expression_node<typename ResultNode::value_type>* allocate(OpType& operation, ExprNode (&branch)[2])
         {
            return allocate<ResultNode>(operation,branch[0],branch[1]);
         }

         template <typename ResultNode, typename OpType, typename ExprNode>
         inline expression_node<typename ResultNode::value_type>* allocate(OpType& operation, ExprNode (&branch)[3])
         {
            return allocate<ResultNode>(operation,branch[0],branch[1],branch[2]);
         }

         template <typename ResultNode, typename OpType, typename ExprNode>
         inline expression_node<typename ResultNode::value_type>* allocate(OpType& operation, ExprNode (&branch)[4])
         {
            return allocate<ResultNode>(operation,branch[0],branch[1],branch[2],branch[3]);
         }

         template <typename ResultNode, typename OpType, typename ExprNode>
         inline expression_node<typename ResultNode::value_type>* allocate(OpType& operation, ExprNode (&branch)[5])
         {
            return allocate<ResultNode>(operation,branch[0],branch[1],branch[2],branch[3],branch[4]);
         }

         template <typename ResultNode, typename OpType, typename ExprNode>
         inline expression_node<typename ResultNode::value_type>* allocate(OpType& operation, ExprNode (&branch)[6])
         {
            return allocate<ResultNode>(operation,branch[0],branch[1],branch[2],branch[3],branch[4],branch[5]);
         }

         template <typename node_type>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate() const
         {
            return new node_type();
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename Type,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const Sequence<Type,Allocator>& seq) const
         {
            return new node_type(seq);
         }

         template <typename node_type, typename T1>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(T1& t1) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1);
         }

         template <typename node_type, typename T1>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_c(const T1& t1) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_cr(const T1& t1, T2& t2) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_rc(T1& t1, const T2& t2) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_rr(T1& t1, T2& t2) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_tt(T1 t1, T2 t2) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_ttt(T1 t1, T2 t2, T3 t3) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_tttt(T1 t1, T2 t2, T3 t3, T4 t4) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_rrr(T1& t1, T2& t2, T3& t3) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_rrrr(T1& t1, T2& t2, T3& t3, T4& t4) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_rrrrr(T1& t1, T2& t2, T3& t3, T4& t4, T5& t5) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const T4& t4) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const T4& t4,
                                                                          const T5& t5) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4, typename T5, typename T6>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const T4& t4,
                                                                          const T5& t5, const T6& t6) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4,
                   typename T5, typename T6, typename T7>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const T4& t4,
                                                                          const T5& t5, const T6& t6,
                                                                          const T7& t7) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4,
                   typename T5, typename T6,
                   typename T7, typename T8>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const T4& t4,
                                                                          const T5& t5, const T6& t6,
                                                                          const T7& t7, const T8& t8) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4,
                   typename T5, typename T6,
                   typename T7, typename T8, typename T9>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const T2& t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const T4& t4,
                                                                          const T5& t5, const T6& t6,
                                                                          const T7& t7, const T8& t8,
                                                                          const T9& t9) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4,
                   typename T5, typename T6,
                   typename T7, typename T8,
                   typename T9, typename T10>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate(const T1& t1, const  T2&  t2,
                                                                          const T3& t3, const  T4&  t4,
                                                                          const T5& t5, const  T6&  t6,
                                                                          const T7& t7, const  T8&  t8,
                                                                          const T9& t9, const T10& t10) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9,t10);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_type(T1 t1, T2 t2, T3 t3) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_type(T1 t1, T2 t2,
                                                                               T3 t3, T4 t4) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4,
                   typename T5>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_type(T1 t1, T2 t2,
                                                                               T3 t3, T4 t4,
                                                                               T5 t5) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5);
         }

         template <typename node_type,
                   typename T1, typename T2,
                   typename T3, typename T4,
                   typename T5, typename T6, typename T7>
         inline expression_node<typename node_type::value_type>* allocate_type(T1 t1, T2 t2,
                                                                               T3 t3, T4 t4,
                                                                               T5 t5, T6 t6,
                                                                               T7 t7) const
         {
            return new node_type(t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7);
         }

         template <typename T>
         void inline free(expression_node<T>*& e) const
         {
            delete e;
            e = 0;
         }
      };

      inline void load_operations_map(std::multimap<std::string,details::base_operation_t,details::ilesscompare>& m)
      {
         #define register_op(Symbol,Type,Args)                                               \
         m.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(Symbol),details::base_operation_t(Type,Args))); \

         register_op(      "abs",e_abs     , 1)
         register_op(     "acos",e_acos    , 1)
         register_op(    "acosh",e_acosh   , 1)
         register_op(     "asin",e_asin    , 1)
         register_op(    "asinh",e_asinh   , 1)
         register_op(     "atan",e_atan    , 1)
         register_op(    "atanh",e_atanh   , 1)
         register_op(     "ceil",e_ceil    , 1)
         register_op(      "cos",e_cos     , 1)
         register_op(     "cosh",e_cosh    , 1)
         register_op(      "exp",e_exp     , 1)
         register_op(    "expm1",e_expm1   , 1)
         register_op(    "floor",e_floor   , 1)
         register_op(      "log",e_log     , 1)
         register_op(    "log10",e_log10   , 1)
         register_op(     "log2",e_log2    , 1)
         register_op(    "log1p",e_log1p   , 1)
         register_op(    "round",e_round   , 1)
         register_op(      "sin",e_sin     , 1)
         register_op(     "sinc",e_sinc    , 1)
         register_op(     "sinh",e_sinh    , 1)
         register_op(      "sec",e_sec     , 1)
         register_op(      "csc",e_csc     , 1)
         register_op(     "sqrt",e_sqrt    , 1)
         register_op(      "tan",e_tan     , 1)
         register_op(     "tanh",e_tanh    , 1)
         register_op(      "cot",e_cot     , 1)
         register_op(  "rad2deg",e_r2d     , 1)
         register_op(  "deg2rad",e_d2r     , 1)
         register_op( "deg2grad",e_d2g     , 1)
         register_op( "grad2deg",e_g2d     , 1)
         register_op(      "sgn",e_sgn     , 1)
         register_op(      "not",e_notl    , 1)
         register_op(      "erf",e_erf     , 1)
         register_op(     "erfc",e_erfc    , 1)
         register_op(     "ncdf",e_ncdf    , 1)
         register_op(     "frac",e_frac    , 1)
         register_op(    "trunc",e_trunc   , 1)
         register_op(    "atan2",e_atan2   , 2)
         register_op(      "mod",e_mod     , 2)
         register_op(     "logn",e_logn    , 2)
         register_op(      "pow",e_pow     , 2)
         register_op(     "root",e_root    , 2)
         register_op(   "roundn",e_roundn  , 2)
         register_op(    "equal",e_equal   , 2)
         register_op("not_equal",e_nequal  , 2)
         register_op(    "hypot",e_hypot   , 2)
         register_op(      "shr",e_shr     , 2)
         register_op(      "shl",e_shl     , 2)
         register_op(    "clamp",e_clamp   , 3)
         register_op(   "iclamp",e_iclamp  , 3)
         register_op(  "inrange",e_inrange , 3)
         #undef register_op
      }

   } // namespace details

   class function_traits
   {
   public:

      function_traits()
      : allow_zero_parameters_(false),
        has_side_effects_(true)
      {}

      inline bool& allow_zero_parameters()
      {
         return allow_zero_parameters_;
      }

      inline bool& has_side_effects()
      {
         return has_side_effects_;
      }

   private:

      bool allow_zero_parameters_;
      bool has_side_effects_;
   };

   template <typename FunctionType>
   void enable_zero_parameters(FunctionType& func)
   {
      func.allow_zero_parameters() = true;
   }

   template <typename FunctionType>
   void disable_zero_parameters(FunctionType& func)
   {
      func.allow_zero_parameters() = false;
   }

   template <typename FunctionType>
   void enable_has_side_effects(FunctionType& func)
   {
      func.has_side_effects() = true;
   }

   template <typename FunctionType>
   void disable_has_side_effects(FunctionType& func)
   {
      func.has_side_effects() = false;
   }

   template <typename T>
   class ifunction : public function_traits
   {
   public:

      explicit ifunction(const std::size_t& pc)
      : param_count(pc)
      {}

      virtual ~ifunction()
      {}

      inline virtual T operator()()
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&,const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&,
                                  const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      std::size_t param_count;
   };

   template <typename T>
   class ivararg_function : public function_traits
   {
   public:

      virtual ~ivararg_function()
      {}

      inline virtual T operator()(const std::vector<T>&)
      {
         exprtk_debug(("ivararg_function::operator() - Operator has not been overridden.\n"));
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }
   };

   template <typename T>
   class igeneric_function : public function_traits
   {
   public:

      typedef T type;
      typedef type_store<T> generic_type;
      typedef typename generic_type::parameter_list parameter_list_t;

      igeneric_function(const std::string& param_seq = "")
      : parameter_sequence(param_seq)
      {}

      virtual ~igeneric_function()
      {}

      // f(i_0,i_1,....,i_N) --> Number
      inline virtual T operator()(parameter_list_t)
      {
         exprtk_debug(("igeneric_function::operator() - Operator has not been overridden. [1]\n"));
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      // f(i_0,i_1,....,i_N) --> String
      inline virtual T operator()(std::string&, parameter_list_t)
      {
         exprtk_debug(("igeneric_function::operator() - Operator has not been overridden. [2]\n"));
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      // f(psi,i_0,i_1,....,i_N) --> Number
      inline virtual T operator()(const std::size_t&, parameter_list_t)
      {
         exprtk_debug(("igeneric_function::operator() - Operator has not been overridden. [3]\n"));
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      // f(psi,i_0,i_1,....,i_N) --> String
      inline virtual T operator()(const std::size_t&, std::string&, parameter_list_t)
      {
         exprtk_debug(("igeneric_function::operator() - Operator has not been overridden. [4]\n"));
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      std::string parameter_sequence;
   };

   template <typename T> class parser;
   template <typename T> class expression_helper;

   template <typename T>
   class symbol_table
   {
   protected:

      template <typename Type, typename RawType>
      struct type_store
      {
         typedef details::expression_node<T>*        expression_ptr;
         typedef typename details::variable_node<T>  variable_node_t;
         typedef ifunction<T>                        ifunction_t;
         typedef ivararg_function<T>                 ivararg_function_t;
         typedef igeneric_function<T>                igeneric_function_t;
         typedef details::vector_holder<T>           vector_t;
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         typedef typename details::stringvar_node<T> stringvar_node_t;
         #endif

         typedef Type type_t;
         typedef type_t* type_ptr;
         typedef std::pair<bool,type_ptr> type_pair_t;
         typedef std::map<std::string,type_pair_t,details::ilesscompare> type_map_t;
         typedef typename type_map_t::iterator tm_itr_t;
         typedef typename type_map_t::const_iterator tm_const_itr_t;

         enum { lut_size = 256 };

         type_map_t  map;
         std::size_t size;

         type_store()
         : size(0)
         {}

         inline bool symbol_exists(const std::string& symbol_name) const
         {
            if (symbol_name.empty())
               return false;
            else if (map.end() != map.find(symbol_name))
               return true;
            else
               return false;
         }

         template <typename PtrType>
         inline std::string entity_name(const PtrType& ptr) const
         {
            if (map.empty())
               return std::string();

            tm_const_itr_t itr = map.begin();

            while (map.end() != itr)
            {
               if (itr->second.second == ptr)
               {
                  return itr->first;
               }
               else
                  ++itr;
            }

            return std::string();
         }

         inline bool is_constant(const std::string& symbol_name) const
         {
            if (symbol_name.empty())
               return false;
            else
            {
               tm_const_itr_t itr = map.find(symbol_name);

               if (map.end() == itr)
                  return false;
               else
                  return (*itr).second.first;
            }
         }

         template <typename Tie, typename RType>
         inline bool add_impl(const std::string& symbol_name, RType t, const bool is_const)
         {
            if (symbol_name.size() > 1)
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < details::reserved_symbols_size; ++i)
               {
                  if (details::imatch(symbol_name,details::reserved_symbols[i]))
                  {
                     return false;
                  }
               }
            }

            tm_itr_t itr = map.find(symbol_name);

            if (map.end() == itr)
            {
               map[symbol_name] = Tie::make(t,is_const);
               ++size;
            }

            return true;
         }

         struct tie_array
         {
            static inline std::pair<bool,vector_t*> make(std::pair<T*,std::size_t> v, const bool is_const = false)
            {
               return std::make_pair(is_const,new vector_t(v.first,v.second));
            }
         };

         struct tie_stdvec
         {
            template <typename Allocator>
            static inline std::pair<bool,vector_t*> make(std::vector<T,Allocator>& v, const bool is_const = false)
            {
               return std::make_pair(is_const,new vector_t(v));
            }
         };

         struct tie_stddeq
         {
            template <typename Allocator>
            static inline std::pair<bool,vector_t*> make(std::deque<T,Allocator>& v, const bool is_const = false)
            {
               return std::make_pair(is_const,new vector_t(v));
            }
         };

         template <std::size_t v_size>
         inline bool add(const std::string& symbol_name, T (&v)[v_size], const bool is_const = false)
         {
            return add_impl<tie_array,std::pair<T*,std::size_t> >(symbol_name,std::make_pair(v,v_size),is_const);
         }

         inline bool add(const std::string& symbol_name, T* v, const std::size_t v_size, const bool is_const = false)
         {
            return add_impl<tie_array,std::pair<T*,std::size_t> >(symbol_name,std::make_pair(v,v_size),is_const);
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         inline bool add(const std::string& symbol_name, std::vector<T,Allocator>& v, const bool is_const = false)
         {
            return add_impl<tie_stdvec,std::vector<T,Allocator>&>(symbol_name,v,is_const);
         }

         template <typename Allocator>
         inline bool add(const std::string& symbol_name, std::deque<T,Allocator>& v, const bool is_const = false)
         {
            return add_impl<tie_stddeq,std::deque<T,Allocator>&>(symbol_name,v,is_const);
         }

         inline bool add(const std::string& symbol_name, RawType& t, const bool is_const = false)
         {
            struct tie
            {
               static inline std::pair<bool,variable_node_t*> make(T& t,const bool is_const = false)
               {
                  return std::make_pair(is_const,new variable_node_t(t));
               }

               #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
               static inline std::pair<bool,stringvar_node_t*> make(std::string& t,const bool is_const = false)
               {
                  return std::make_pair(is_const,new stringvar_node_t(t));
               }
               #endif

               static inline std::pair<bool,function_t*> make(function_t& t, const bool is_constant = false)
               {
                  return std::make_pair(is_constant,&t);
               }

               static inline std::pair<bool,vararg_function_t*> make(vararg_function_t& t, const bool is_const = false)
               {
                  return std::make_pair(is_const,&t);
               }

               static inline std::pair<bool,generic_function_t*> make(generic_function_t& t, const bool is_constant = false)
               {
                  return std::make_pair(is_constant,&t);
               }
            };

            tm_itr_t itr = map.find(symbol_name);

            if (map.end() == itr)
            {
               map[symbol_name] = tie::make(t,is_const);
               ++size;
            }

            return true;
         }

         inline type_ptr get(const std::string& symbol_name) const
         {
            tm_const_itr_t itr = map.find(symbol_name);

            if (map.end() == itr)
               return reinterpret_cast<type_ptr>(0);
            else
               return itr->second.second;
         }

         template <typename TType, typename TRawType, typename PtrType>
         struct ptr_match
         {
            static inline bool test(const PtrType, const void*)
            {
               return false;
            }
         };

         template <typename TType, typename TRawType>
         struct ptr_match<TType,TRawType,variable_node_t*>
         {
            static inline bool test(const variable_node_t* p, const void* ptr)
            {
               exprtk_debug(("ptr_match::test() - %p <--> %p\n",(void*)(&(p->ref())),ptr));
               return (&(p->ref()) == ptr);
            }
         };

         inline type_ptr get_from_varptr(const void* ptr) const
         {
            tm_const_itr_t itr = map.begin();

            while (map.end() != itr)
            {
               type_ptr ret_ptr = itr->second.second;

               if (ptr_match<Type,RawType,type_ptr>::test(ret_ptr,ptr))
               {
                  return ret_ptr;
               }

               ++itr;
            }

            return type_ptr(0);
         }

         inline bool remove(const std::string& symbol_name, const bool delete_node = true)
         {
            tm_itr_t itr = map.find(symbol_name);

            if (map.end() != itr)
            {
               struct deleter
               {
                  static inline void process(std::pair<bool,variable_node_t*>& n)  { delete n.second; }
                  static inline void process(std::pair<bool,vector_t*>& n)         { delete n.second; }
                  #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
                  static inline void process(std::pair<bool,stringvar_node_t*>& n) { delete n.second; }
                  #endif
                  static inline void process(std::pair<bool,function_t*>&)         {                  }
               };

               if (delete_node)
               {
                  deleter::process((*itr).second);
               }

               map.erase(itr);
               --size;

               return true;
            }
            else
               return false;
         }

         inline RawType& type_ref(const std::string& symbol_name)
         {
            struct init_type
            {
               static inline double set(double)           { return (0.0);           }
               static inline double set(long double)      { return (0.0);           }
               static inline float  set(float)            { return (0.0f);          }
               static inline std::string set(std::string) { return std::string(""); }
            };

            static RawType null_type = init_type::set(RawType());

            tm_const_itr_t itr = map.find(symbol_name);
            if (map.end() == itr)
               return null_type;
            else
               return itr->second.second->ref();
         }

         inline void clear(const bool delete_node = true)
         {
            struct deleter
            {
               static inline void process(std::pair<bool,variable_node_t*>& n)  { delete n.second; }
               static inline void process(std::pair<bool,vector_t*>& n)         { delete n.second; }
               static inline void process(std::pair<bool,function_t*>&)         {                  }
               #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
               static inline void process(std::pair<bool,stringvar_node_t*>& n) { delete n.second; }
               #endif
            };

            if (!map.empty())
            {
               if (delete_node)
               {
                  tm_itr_t itr = map.begin();
                  tm_itr_t end = map.end();

                  while (end != itr)
                  {
                     deleter::process((*itr).second);
                     ++itr;
                  }
               }

               map.clear();
            }

            size = 0;
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
         inline std::size_t get_list(Sequence<std::pair<std::string,RawType>,Allocator>& list) const
         {
            std::size_t count = 0;

            if (!map.empty())
            {
               tm_const_itr_t itr = map.begin();
               tm_const_itr_t end = map.end();

               while (end != itr)
               {
                  list.push_back(std::make_pair((*itr).first,itr->second.second->ref()));
                  ++itr;
                  ++count;
               }
            }

            return count;
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
         inline std::size_t get_list(Sequence<std::string,Allocator>& vlist) const
         {
            std::size_t count = 0;

            if (!map.empty())
            {
               tm_const_itr_t itr = map.begin();
               tm_const_itr_t end = map.end();

               while (end != itr)
               {
                  vlist.push_back((*itr).first);
                  ++itr;
                  ++count;
               }
            }

            return count;
         }
      };

      typedef details::expression_node<T>* expression_ptr;
      typedef typename details::variable_node<T> variable_t;
      typedef typename details::vector_holder<T> vector_holder_t;
      typedef variable_t* variable_ptr;
      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      typedef typename details::stringvar_node<T> stringvar_t;
      typedef stringvar_t* stringvar_ptr;
      #endif
      typedef ifunction        <T> function_t;
      typedef ivararg_function <T> vararg_function_t;
      typedef igeneric_function<T> generic_function_t;
      typedef function_t* function_ptr;
      typedef vararg_function_t*  vararg_function_ptr;
      typedef generic_function_t* generic_function_ptr;

      static const std::size_t lut_size = 256;

      // Symbol Table Holder
      struct st_holder
      {
         struct st_data
         {
            type_store<typename details::variable_node<T>,T> variable_store;
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            type_store<typename details::stringvar_node<T>,std::string> stringvar_store;
            #endif
            type_store<ifunction<T>,ifunction<T> > function_store;
            type_store<ivararg_function <T>,ivararg_function <T> > vararg_function_store;
            type_store<igeneric_function<T>,igeneric_function<T> > generic_function_store;
            type_store<igeneric_function<T>,igeneric_function<T> > string_function_store;
            type_store<vector_holder_t,vector_holder_t> vector_store;

            st_data()
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < details::reserved_words_size; ++i)
               {
                  reserved_symbol_table_.insert(details::reserved_words[i]);
               }

               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < details::reserved_symbols_size; ++i)
               {
                  reserved_symbol_table_.insert(details::reserved_symbols[i]);
               }
            }

            inline bool is_reserved_symbol(const std::string& symbol) const
            {
               return (reserved_symbol_table_.end() != reserved_symbol_table_.find(symbol));
            }

            std::list<T> local_symbol_list_;
            std::list<std::string> local_stringvar_list_;
            std::set<std::string> reserved_symbol_table_;
         };

         st_holder()
         : ref_count(1),
           data_(new st_data)
         {}

         st_holder(st_data* data)
         : ref_count(1),
           data_(data)
         {}

        ~st_holder()
         {
            if (data_ && (0 == ref_count))
            {
               delete data_;
               data_ = 0;
            }
         }

         std::size_t ref_count;
         st_data* data_;
      };

   public:

      symbol_table()
      : holder_(new st_holder)
      {
         clear();
      }

     ~symbol_table()
      {
         if (holder_)
         {
            if (0 == --holder_->ref_count)
            {
               clear();
               delete holder_;
            }
         }
      }

      symbol_table(const symbol_table<T>& st)
      {
         holder_ = st.holder_;
         holder_->ref_count++;
      }

      inline symbol_table<T>& operator=(const symbol_table<T>& st)
      {
         if (holder_)
         {
            if (0 == --holder_->ref_count)
            {
               delete holder_;
            }

            holder_ = 0;
         }

         holder_ = st.holder_;
         holder_->ref_count++;

         return *this;
      }

      inline bool operator==(const symbol_table<T>& st)
      {
         return (this == &st) || (holder_ == st.holder_);
      }

      inline void clear_variables(const bool delete_node = true)
      {
         local_data().variable_store.clear(delete_node);
      }

      inline void clear_functions()
      {
         local_data().function_store.clear();
      }

      inline void clear_strings()
      {
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         local_data().stringvar_store.clear();
         #endif
      }

      inline void clear_vectors()
      {
         local_data().vector_store.clear();
      }

      inline void clear()
      {
         if (!valid()) return;
         clear_variables();
         clear_functions();
         clear_strings  ();
         clear_vectors  ();
      }

      inline std::size_t variable_count() const
      {
         if (valid())
            return local_data().variable_store.size;
         else
            return 0;
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline std::size_t stringvar_count() const
      {
         if (valid())
            return local_data().stringvar_store.size;
         else
            return 0;
      }
      #endif

      inline std::size_t function_count() const
      {
         if (valid())
            return local_data().function_store.size;
         else
            return 0;
      }

      inline std::size_t vector_count() const
      {
         if (valid())
            return local_data().vector_store.size;
         else
            return 0;
      }

      inline variable_ptr get_variable(const std::string& variable_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<variable_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(variable_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<variable_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.get(variable_name);
      }

      inline variable_ptr get_variable(const T& var_ref) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<variable_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.get_from_varptr(
                                                  reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&var_ref));
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline stringvar_ptr get_stringvar(const std::string& string_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<stringvar_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(string_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<stringvar_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.get(string_name);
      }
      #endif

      inline function_ptr get_function(const std::string& function_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<function_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<function_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().function_store.get(function_name);
      }

      inline vararg_function_ptr get_vararg_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<vararg_function_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(vararg_function_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<vararg_function_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().vararg_function_store.get(vararg_function_name);
      }

      inline generic_function_ptr get_generic_function(const std::string& function_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().generic_function_store.get(function_name);
      }

      inline generic_function_ptr get_string_function(const std::string& function_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().string_function_store.get(function_name);
      }

      typedef vector_holder_t* vector_holder_ptr;

      inline vector_holder_ptr get_vector(const std::string& vector_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return reinterpret_cast<vector_holder_ptr>(0);
         else if (!valid_symbol(vector_name))
            return reinterpret_cast<vector_holder_ptr>(0);
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.get(vector_name);
      }

      inline T& variable_ref(const std::string& symbol_name)
      {
         static T null_var = T(0);
         if (!valid())
            return null_var;
         else if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
            return null_var;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.type_ref(symbol_name);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline std::string& stringvar_ref(const std::string& symbol_name)
      {
         static std::string null_stringvar;
         if (!valid())
            return null_stringvar;
         else if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
            return null_stringvar;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.type_ref(symbol_name);
      }
      #endif

      inline bool is_constant_node(const std::string& symbol_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.is_constant(symbol_name);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline bool is_constant_string(const std::string& symbol_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
            return false;
         else if (!local_data().stringvar_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.is_constant(symbol_name);
      }
      #endif

      inline bool create_variable(const std::string& variable_name, const T& value = T(0))
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(variable_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(variable_name))
            return false;

         local_data().local_symbol_list_.push_back(value);
         T& t = local_data().local_symbol_list_.back();

         return add_variable(variable_name,t);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline bool create_stringvar(const std::string& stringvar_name, const std::string& value = std::string(""))
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(stringvar_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(stringvar_name))
            return false;

         local_data().local_stringvar_list_.push_back(value);
         std::string& s = local_data().local_stringvar_list_.back();

         return add_stringvar(stringvar_name,s);
      }
      #endif

      inline bool add_variable(const std::string& variable_name, T& t, const bool is_constant = false)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(variable_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(variable_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.add(variable_name,t,is_constant);
      }

      inline bool add_constant(const std::string& constant_name, const T& value)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(constant_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(constant_name))
            return false;

         local_data().local_symbol_list_.push_back(value);
         T& t = local_data().local_symbol_list_.back();

         return add_variable(constant_name,t,true);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline bool add_stringvar(const std::string& stringvar_name, std::string& s, const bool is_constant = false)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(stringvar_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(stringvar_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.add(stringvar_name,s,is_constant);
      }
      #endif

      inline bool add_function(const std::string& function_name, function_t& function)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(function_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().function_store.add(function_name,function);
      }

      inline bool add_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name, vararg_function_t& vararg_function)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(vararg_function_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(vararg_function_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vararg_function_store.add(vararg_function_name,vararg_function);
      }

      enum func_type
      {
         e_ft_unknown   = 0,
         e_ft_basicfunc = 1,
         e_ft_strfunc   = 2
      };

      inline bool add_function(const std::string& function_name, generic_function_t& function, const func_type ft = e_ft_basicfunc)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(function_name))
            return false;
         else if (std::string::npos != function.parameter_sequence.find_first_not_of("STV*?|"))
            return false;
         else if (e_ft_basicfunc == ft)
            return local_data().generic_function_store.add(function_name,function);
         else if (e_ft_strfunc == ft)
            return local_data().string_function_store.add(function_name, function);
         else
            return false;
      }

      inline bool add_reserved_function(const std::string& function_name, function_t& function)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name,false))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(function_name,false))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().function_store.add(function_name,function);
      }

      inline bool add_reserved_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name, vararg_function_t& vararg_function)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(vararg_function_name,false))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(vararg_function_name,false))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vararg_function_store.add(vararg_function_name,vararg_function);
      }

      inline bool add_reserved_function(const std::string& function_name, generic_function_t& function, const func_type ft = e_ft_basicfunc)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(function_name,false))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(function_name,false))
            return false;
         else if (std::string::npos != function.parameter_sequence.find_first_not_of("STV*?|"))
            return false;
         else if (e_ft_basicfunc == ft)
            return local_data().generic_function_store.add(function_name,function);
         else if (e_ft_strfunc == ft)
            return local_data().string_function_store.add(function_name, function);
         else
            return false;
      }

      template <std::size_t N>
      inline bool add_vector(const std::string& vector_name, T (&v)[N])
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(vector_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(vector_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.add(vector_name,v);
      }

      inline bool add_vector(const std::string& vector_name, T* v, const std::size_t& v_size)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(vector_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(vector_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.add(vector_name,v,v_size);
      }

      template <typename Allocator>
      inline bool add_vector(const std::string& vector_name, std::vector<T,Allocator>& v)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(vector_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(vector_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.add(vector_name,v);
      }

      template <typename Allocator>
      inline bool add_vector(const std::string& vector_name, std::deque<T,Allocator>& v)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(vector_name))
            return false;
         else if (symbol_exists(vector_name))
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.add(vector_name,v);
      }

      inline bool remove_variable(const std::string& variable_name, const bool delete_node = true)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.remove(variable_name, delete_node);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline bool remove_stringvar(const std::string& string_name)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.remove(string_name);
      }
      #endif

      inline bool remove_function(const std::string& function_name)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().function_store.remove(function_name);
      }

      inline bool remove_vararg_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vararg_function_store.remove(vararg_function_name);
      }

      inline bool remove_vector(const std::string& vector_name)
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.remove(vector_name);
      }

      inline bool add_constants()
      {
         return add_pi      () &&
                add_epsilon () &&
                add_infinity();
      }

      inline bool add_pi()
      {
         static const T local_pi = T(details::numeric::constant::pi);
         return add_constant("pi",local_pi);
      }

      inline bool add_epsilon()
      {
         static const T local_epsilon = details::numeric::details::epsilon_type<T>::value();
         return add_constant("epsilon",local_epsilon);
      }

      inline bool add_infinity()
      {
         static const T local_infinity = std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
         return add_constant("inf",local_infinity);
      }

      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
      inline std::size_t get_variable_list(Sequence<std::pair<std::string,T>,Allocator>& vlist) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return 0;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.get_list(vlist);
      }

      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
      inline std::size_t get_variable_list(Sequence<std::string,Allocator>& vlist) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return 0;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.get_list(vlist);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
      inline std::size_t get_stringvar_list(Sequence<std::pair<std::string,std::string>,Allocator>& svlist) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return 0;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.get_list(svlist);
      }

      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
      inline std::size_t get_stringvar_list(Sequence<std::string,Allocator>& svlist) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return 0;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.get_list(svlist);
      }
      #endif

      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename, typename> class Sequence>
      inline std::size_t get_vector_list(Sequence<std::string,Allocator>& vlist) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return 0;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.get_list(vlist);
      }

      inline bool symbol_exists(const std::string& symbol_name, const bool check_reserved_symb = true) const
      {
         /*
            Will return true if symbol_name exists as either a reserved symbol,
            variable, stringvar or function name in any of the type stores.
         */
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (local_data().variable_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name))
            return true;
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         else if (local_data().stringvar_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name))
            return true;
         #endif
         else if (local_data().function_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name))
            return true;
         else if (check_reserved_symb && local_data().is_reserved_symbol(symbol_name))
            return true;
         else
            return false;
      }

      inline bool is_variable(const std::string& variable_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().variable_store.symbol_exists(variable_name);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline bool is_stringvar(const std::string& stringvar_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().stringvar_store.symbol_exists(stringvar_name);
      }

      inline bool is_conststr_stringvar(const std::string& symbol_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
            return false;
         else if (!local_data().stringvar_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name))
            return false;

         return (
                  local_data().stringvar_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name) ||
                  local_data().stringvar_store.is_constant  (symbol_name)
                );
      }
      #endif

      inline bool is_function(const std::string& function_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().function_store.symbol_exists(function_name);
      }

      inline bool is_vararg_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vararg_function_store.symbol_exists(vararg_function_name);
      }

      inline bool is_vector(const std::string& vector_name) const
      {
         if (!valid())
            return false;
         else
            return local_data().vector_store.symbol_exists(vector_name);
      }

      inline std::string get_variable_name(const expression_ptr& ptr) const
      {
         return local_data().variable_store.entity_name(ptr);
      }

      inline std::string get_vector_name(const vector_holder_ptr& ptr) const
      {
         return local_data().vector_store.entity_name(ptr);
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline std::string get_stringvar_name(const expression_ptr& ptr) const
      {
         return local_data().stringvar_store.entity_name(ptr);
      }

      inline std::string get_conststr_stringvar_name(const expression_ptr& ptr) const
      {
         return local_data().stringvar_store.entity_name(ptr);
      }
      #endif

      inline bool valid() const
      {
         // Symbol table sanity check.
         return holder_ && holder_->data_;
      }

      inline void load_from(const symbol_table<T>& st)
      {
         {
            std::vector<std::string> name_list;

            st.local_data().function_store.get_list(name_list);

            if (!name_list.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < name_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  exprtk::ifunction<T>& ifunc = *st.get_function(name_list[i]);
                  add_function(name_list[i],ifunc);
               }
            }
         }

         {
            std::vector<std::string> name_list;

            st.local_data().vararg_function_store.get_list(name_list);

            if (!name_list.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < name_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  exprtk::ivararg_function<T>& ivafunc = *st.get_vararg_function(name_list[i]);
                  add_function(name_list[i],ivafunc);
               }
            }
         }

         {
            std::vector<std::string> name_list;

            st.local_data().generic_function_store.get_list(name_list);

            if (!name_list.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < name_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  exprtk::igeneric_function<T>& ifunc = *st.get_generic_function(name_list[i]);
                  add_function(name_list[i],ifunc);
               }
            }
         }

         {
            std::vector<std::string> name_list;

            st.local_data().string_function_store.get_list(name_list);

            if (!name_list.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < name_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  exprtk::igeneric_function<T>& ifunc = *st.get_string_function(name_list[i]);
                  add_function(name_list[i],ifunc,e_ft_strfunc);
               }
            }
         }
      }

   private:

      inline bool valid_symbol(const std::string& symbol, const bool check_reserved_symb = true) const
      {
         if (symbol.empty())
            return false;
         if (!details::is_letter(symbol[0]))
            return false;
         else if (symbol.size() > 1)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < symbol.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (
                    (!details::is_letter(symbol[i])) &&
                    (!details:: is_digit(symbol[i])) &&
                    ('_' != symbol[i])
                  )
               {
                  return false;
               }
            }
         }

         return (check_reserved_symb) ? (!local_data().is_reserved_symbol(symbol)) : true;
      }

      inline bool valid_function(const std::string& symbol) const
      {
         if (symbol.empty())
            return false;
         if (!details::is_letter(symbol[0]))
            return false;
         else if (symbol.size() > 1)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 1; i < symbol.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (
                    (!details::is_letter(symbol[i])) &&
                    (!details:: is_digit(symbol[i])) &&
                    ('_' != symbol[i])
                  )
               {
                  return false;
               }
            }
         }

         return true;
      }

      typedef typename st_holder::st_data local_data_t;

      inline local_data_t& local_data()
      {
         return *(holder_->data_);
      }

      inline const local_data_t& local_data() const
      {
         return *(holder_->data_);
      }

      st_holder* holder_;

      friend class parser<T>;
   };

   template <typename T>
   class function_compositor;

   template <typename T>
   class expression
   {
   private:

      typedef details::expression_node<T>*  expression_ptr;
      typedef details::vector_holder<T>* vector_holder_ptr;
      typedef std::vector<symbol_table<T> >  symtab_list_t;

      struct expression_holder
      {
         enum data_type
         {
            e_unknown  ,
            e_expr     ,
            e_vecholder,
            e_data     ,
            e_vecdata  ,
            e_string
         };

         struct data_pack
         {
            data_pack()
            : pointer(0),
              type(e_unknown),
              size(0)
            {}

            data_pack(void* ptr, data_type dt, std::size_t sz = 0)
            : pointer(ptr),
              type(dt),
              size(sz)
            {}

            void*       pointer;
            data_type   type;
            std::size_t size;
         };

         typedef std::vector<data_pack> local_data_list_t;
         typedef results_context<T>     results_context_t;

         expression_holder()
         : ref_count(0),
           expr     (0),
           results  (0),
           retinv_null(false),
           return_invoked(&retinv_null)
         {}

         expression_holder(expression_ptr e)
         : ref_count(1),
           expr     (e),
           results  (0),
           retinv_null(false),
           return_invoked(&retinv_null)
         {}

        ~expression_holder()
         {
            if (expr && details::branch_deletable(expr))
            {
               delete expr;
            }

            if (!local_data_list.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < local_data_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  switch (local_data_list[i].type)
                  {
                     case e_expr      : delete reinterpret_cast<expression_ptr>(local_data_list[i].pointer);
                                        break;

                     case e_vecholder : delete reinterpret_cast<vector_holder_ptr>(local_data_list[i].pointer);
                                        break;

                     case e_data      : delete (T*)(local_data_list[i].pointer);
                                        break;

                     case e_vecdata   : delete [] (T*)(local_data_list[i].pointer);
                                        break;

                     case e_string    : delete (std::string*)(local_data_list[i].pointer);
                                        break;

                     default          : break;
                  }
               }
            }

            if (results)
            {
               delete results;
            }
         }

         std::size_t ref_count;
         expression_ptr expr;
         local_data_list_t local_data_list;
         results_context_t* results;
         bool  retinv_null;
         bool* return_invoked;

         friend class function_compositor<T>;
      };

   public:

      expression()
      : expression_holder_(0)
      {
         set_expression(new details::null_node<T>());
      }

      expression(const expression<T>& e)
      : expression_holder_(e.expression_holder_),
        symbol_table_list_(e.symbol_table_list_)
      {
         expression_holder_->ref_count++;
      }

      inline expression<T>& operator=(const expression<T>& e)
      {
         if (this != &e)
         {
            if (expression_holder_)
            {
               if (0 == --expression_holder_->ref_count)
               {
                  delete expression_holder_;
               }

               expression_holder_ = 0;
            }

            expression_holder_ = e.expression_holder_;
            expression_holder_->ref_count++;
            symbol_table_list_ = e.symbol_table_list_;
         }

         return *this;
      }

      inline bool operator==(const expression<T>& e)
      {
         return (this == &e);
      }

      inline bool operator!() const
      {
         return (
                  (0 == expression_holder_      ) ||
                  (0 == expression_holder_->expr)
                );
      }

      inline expression<T>& release()
      {
         if (expression_holder_)
         {
            if (0 == --expression_holder_->ref_count)
            {
               delete expression_holder_;
            }

            expression_holder_ = 0;
         }

         return *this;
      }

     ~expression()
      {
         if (expression_holder_)
         {
            if (0 == --expression_holder_->ref_count)
            {
               delete expression_holder_;
            }
         }
      }

      inline T value() const
      {
         return expression_holder_->expr->value();
      }

      inline T operator()() const
      {
         return value();
      }

      inline operator T() const
      {
         return value();
      }

      inline operator bool() const
      {
         return details::is_true(value());
      }

      inline void register_symbol_table(symbol_table<T>& st)
      {
         symbol_table_list_.push_back(st);
      }

      inline const symbol_table<T>& get_symbol_table(const std::size_t& index = 0) const
      {
         return symbol_table_list_[index];
      }

      inline symbol_table<T>& get_symbol_table(const std::size_t& index = 0)
      {
         return symbol_table_list_[index];
      }

      typedef results_context<T> results_context_t;

      inline const results_context_t& results() const
      {
         if (expression_holder_->results)
            return (*expression_holder_->results);
         else
         {
            static const results_context_t null_results;
            return null_results;
         }
      }

      inline bool return_invoked() const
      {
         return (*expression_holder_->return_invoked);
      }

   private:

      inline symtab_list_t get_symbol_table_list() const
      {
         return symbol_table_list_;
      }

      inline void set_expression(const expression_ptr expr)
      {
         if (expr)
         {
            if (expression_holder_)
            {
               if (0 == --expression_holder_->ref_count)
               {
                  delete expression_holder_;
               }
            }

            expression_holder_ = new expression_holder(expr);
         }
      }

      inline void register_local_var(expression_ptr expr)
      {
         if (expr)
         {
            if (expression_holder_)
            {
               expression_holder_->
                  local_data_list.push_back(
                     typename expression<T>::expression_holder::
                        data_pack(reinterpret_cast<void*>(expr),
                                  expression_holder::e_expr));
            }
         }
      }

      inline void register_local_var(vector_holder_ptr vec_holder)
      {
         if (vec_holder)
         {
            if (expression_holder_)
            {
               expression_holder_->
                  local_data_list.push_back(
                     typename expression<T>::expression_holder::
                        data_pack(reinterpret_cast<void*>(vec_holder),
                                  expression_holder::e_vecholder));
            }
         }
      }

      inline void register_local_data(void* data, const std::size_t& size = 0, const std::size_t data_mode = 0)
      {
         if (data)
         {
            if (expression_holder_)
            {
               typename expression_holder::data_type dt = expression_holder::e_data;

               switch(data_mode)
               {
                  case 0 : dt = expression_holder::e_data;    break;
                  case 1 : dt = expression_holder::e_vecdata; break;
                  case 2 : dt = expression_holder::e_string;  break;
               }

               expression_holder_->
                  local_data_list.push_back(
                     typename expression<T>::expression_holder::
                        data_pack(reinterpret_cast<void*>(data),dt,size));
            }
         }
      }

      inline const typename expression_holder::local_data_list_t& local_data_list()
      {
         if (expression_holder_)
         {
            return expression_holder_->local_data_list;
         }
         else
         {
            static typename expression_holder::local_data_list_t null_local_data_list;
            return null_local_data_list;
         }
      }

      inline void register_return_results(results_context_t* rc)
      {
         if (expression_holder_ && rc)
         {
            expression_holder_->results = rc;
         }
      }

      inline void set_retinvk(bool* retinvk_ptr)
      {
         if (expression_holder_)
         {
            expression_holder_->return_invoked = retinvk_ptr;
         }
      }

      expression_holder* expression_holder_;
      symtab_list_t      symbol_table_list_;

      friend class parser<T>;
      friend class expression_helper<T>;
      friend class function_compositor<T>;
   };

   template <typename T>
   class expression_helper
   {
   public:

      static inline bool is_constant(const expression<T>& expr)
      {
         return details::is_constant_node(expr.expression_holder_->expr);
      }

      static inline bool is_variable(const expression<T>& expr)
      {
         return details::is_variable_node(expr.expression_holder_->expr);
      }

      static inline bool is_unary(const expression<T>& expr)
      {
         return details::is_unary_node(expr.expression_holder_->expr);
      }

      static inline bool is_binary(const expression<T>& expr)
      {
         return details::is_binary_node(expr.expression_holder_->expr);
      }

      static inline bool is_function(const expression<T>& expr)
      {
         return details::is_function(expr.expression_holder_->expr);
      }
   };

   namespace parser_error
   {
      enum error_mode
      {
         e_unknown = 0,
         e_syntax  = 1,
         e_token   = 2,
         e_numeric = 4,
         e_symtab  = 5,
         e_lexer   = 6,
         e_helper  = 7
      };

      struct type
      {
         type()
         : mode(parser_error::e_unknown),
           line_no  (0),
           column_no(0)
         {}

         lexer::token token;
         error_mode mode;
         std::string diagnostic;
         std::string error_line;
         std::size_t line_no;
         std::size_t column_no;
      };

      inline type make_error(error_mode mode, const std::string& diagnostic = "")
      {
         type t;
         t.mode       = mode;
         t.token.type = lexer::token::e_error;
         t.diagnostic = diagnostic;
         exprtk_debug(("%s\n",diagnostic .c_str()));
         return t;
      }

      inline type make_error(error_mode mode, const lexer::token& tk, const std::string& diagnostic = "")
      {
         type t;
         t.mode       = mode;
         t.token      = tk;
         t.diagnostic = diagnostic;
         exprtk_debug(("%s\n",diagnostic .c_str()));
         return t;
      }

      inline std::string to_str(error_mode mode)
      {
         switch (mode)
         {
            case e_unknown : return std::string("Unknown Error");
            case e_syntax  : return std::string("Syntax Error" );
            case e_token   : return std::string("Token Error"  );
            case e_numeric : return std::string("Numeric Error");
            case e_symtab  : return std::string("Symbol Error" );
            case e_lexer   : return std::string("Lexer Error"  );
            case e_helper  : return std::string("Helper Error" );
            default        : return std::string("Unknown Error");
         }
      }

      inline bool update_error(type& error, const std::string& expression)
      {
         if (
              expression.empty()                         ||
              (error.token.position > expression.size()) ||
              (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() == error.token.position)
            )
         {
            return false;
         }

         std::size_t error_line_start = 0;

         for (std::size_t i = error.token.position; i > 0; --i)
         {
            const char c = expression[i];

            if (('\n' == c) || ('\r' == c))
            {
               error_line_start = i + 1;
               break;
            }
         }

         std::size_t next_nl_position = std::min(expression.size(),
                                                 expression.find_first_of('\n',error.token.position + 1));

         error.column_no  = error.token.position - error_line_start;
         error.error_line = expression.substr(error_line_start,
                                              next_nl_position - error_line_start);

         error.line_no = 0;

         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < next_nl_position; ++i)
         {
            if ('\n' == expression[i])
               ++error.line_no;
         }

         return true;
      }

      inline void dump_error(const type& error)
      {
         printf("Position: %02d   Type: [%s]   Msg: %s\n",
                static_cast<int>(error.token.position),
                exprtk::parser_error::to_str(error.mode).c_str(),
                error.diagnostic.c_str());
      }
   }

   template <typename T>
   class parser : public lexer::parser_helper
   {
   private:

      enum precedence_level
      {
         e_level00,
         e_level01,
         e_level02,
         e_level03,
         e_level04,
         e_level05,
         e_level06,
         e_level07,
         e_level08,
         e_level09,
         e_level10,
         e_level11,
         e_level12,
         e_level13,
         e_level14
      };

      typedef const T&                                               cref_t;
      typedef const T                                               const_t;
      typedef ifunction                <T>                                F;
      typedef ivararg_function         <T>                              VAF;
      typedef igeneric_function        <T>                               GF;
      typedef ifunction                <T>                      ifunction_t;
      typedef ivararg_function         <T>               ivararg_function_t;
      typedef igeneric_function        <T>              igeneric_function_t;
      typedef details::expression_node <T>                expression_node_t;
      typedef details::literal_node    <T>                   literal_node_t;
      typedef details::unary_node      <T>                     unary_node_t;
      typedef details::binary_node     <T>                    binary_node_t;
      typedef details::trinary_node    <T>                   trinary_node_t;
      typedef details::quaternary_node <T>                quaternary_node_t;
      typedef details::conditional_node<T>               conditional_node_t;
      typedef details::cons_conditional_node<T>     cons_conditional_node_t;
      typedef details::while_loop_node <T>                while_loop_node_t;
      typedef details::repeat_until_loop_node<T>   repeat_until_loop_node_t;
      typedef details::for_loop_node   <T>                  for_loop_node_t;
      #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
      typedef details::while_loop_bc_node <T>          while_loop_bc_node_t;
      typedef details::repeat_until_loop_bc_node<T> repeat_until_loop_bc_node_t;
      typedef details::for_loop_bc_node<T>               for_loop_bc_node_t;
      #endif
      typedef details::switch_node     <T>                    switch_node_t;
      typedef details::variable_node   <T>                  variable_node_t;
      typedef details::vector_elem_node<T>               vector_elem_node_t;
      typedef details::vector_node     <T>                    vector_node_t;
      typedef details::range_pack      <T>                          range_t;
      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      typedef details::stringvar_node     <T>              stringvar_node_t;
      typedef details::string_literal_node<T>         string_literal_node_t;
      typedef details::string_range_node  <T>           string_range_node_t;
      typedef details::const_string_range_node<T> const_string_range_node_t;
      typedef details::generic_string_range_node<T> generic_string_range_node_t;
      typedef details::string_concat_node <T>          string_concat_node_t;
      typedef details::assignment_string_node<T>   assignment_string_node_t;
      typedef details::assignment_string_range_node<T> assignment_string_range_node_t;
      typedef details::conditional_string_node<T>  conditional_string_node_t;
      typedef details::cons_conditional_str_node<T> cons_conditional_str_node_t;
      #endif
      typedef details::assignment_node<T>                 assignment_node_t;
      typedef details::assignment_vec_elem_node<T> assignment_vec_elem_node_t;
      typedef details::assignment_vec_node     <T>    assignment_vec_node_t;
      typedef details::assignment_vecvec_node  <T> assignment_vecvec_node_t;
      typedef details::scand_node<T>                           scand_node_t;
      typedef details::scor_node<T>                             scor_node_t;
      typedef lexer::token                                          token_t;
      typedef expression_node_t*                        expression_node_ptr;
      typedef symbol_table<T>                                symbol_table_t;
      typedef typename expression<T>::symtab_list_t     symbol_table_list_t;
      typedef details::vector_holder<T>*                  vector_holder_ptr;

      typedef typename details::functor_t<T>         functor_t;
      typedef typename functor_t::qfunc_t quaternary_functor_t;
      typedef typename functor_t::tfunc_t    trinary_functor_t;
      typedef typename functor_t::bfunc_t     binary_functor_t;
      typedef typename functor_t::ufunc_t      unary_functor_t;

      typedef details::operator_type operator_t;

      typedef std::map<operator_t,  unary_functor_t>   unary_op_map_t;
      typedef std::map<operator_t, binary_functor_t>  binary_op_map_t;
      typedef std::map<operator_t,trinary_functor_t> trinary_op_map_t;

      typedef std::map<std::string,std::pair<trinary_functor_t   ,operator_t> > sf3_map_t;
      typedef std::map<std::string,std::pair<quaternary_functor_t,operator_t> > sf4_map_t;

      typedef std::map<binary_functor_t,operator_t> inv_binary_op_map_t;
      typedef std::multimap<std::string,details::base_operation_t,details::ilesscompare> base_ops_map_t;
      typedef std::set<std::string,details::ilesscompare> disabled_func_set_t;

      typedef details::T0oT1_define<T, cref_t, cref_t> vov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1_define<T,const_t, cref_t> cov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1_define<T, cref_t,const_t> voc_t;

      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T, cref_t, cref_t, cref_t> vovov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T, cref_t, cref_t,const_t> vovoc_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T, cref_t,const_t, cref_t> vocov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T,const_t, cref_t, cref_t> covov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T,const_t, cref_t,const_t> covoc_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T,const_t,const_t, cref_t> cocov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2_define<T,cref_t,const_t, const_t> vococ_t;

      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T, cref_t, cref_t, cref_t, cref_t> vovovov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T, cref_t, cref_t, cref_t,const_t> vovovoc_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T, cref_t, cref_t,const_t, cref_t> vovocov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T, cref_t,const_t, cref_t, cref_t> vocovov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T,const_t, cref_t, cref_t, cref_t> covovov_t;

      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T,const_t, cref_t,const_t, cref_t> covocov_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T, cref_t,const_t, cref_t,const_t> vocovoc_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T,const_t, cref_t, cref_t,const_t> covovoc_t;
      typedef details::T0oT1oT2oT3_define<T, cref_t,const_t,const_t, cref_t> vococov_t;

      typedef results_context<T> results_context_t;

      struct scope_element
      {
         enum element_type
         {
            e_none    ,
            e_variable,
            e_vector  ,
            e_vecelem ,
            e_string
         };

         typedef details::vector_holder<T> vector_holder_t;
         typedef variable_node_t*   variable_node_ptr;
         typedef vector_holder_t*   vector_holder_ptr;
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         typedef stringvar_node_t* stringvar_node_ptr;
         #endif

         scope_element()
         : name("???"),
           size (std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()),
           index(std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()),
           depth(std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()),
           ref_count(0),
           ip_index (0),
           type (e_none),
           active(false),
           data    (0),
           var_node(0),
           vec_node(0)
           #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
           ,str_node(0)
           #endif
         {}

         bool operator < (const scope_element& se) const
         {
            if (ip_index < se.ip_index)
               return true;
            else if (ip_index > se.ip_index)
               return false;
            else if (depth < se.depth)
               return true;
            else if (depth > se.depth)
               return false;
            else if (index < se.index)
               return true;
            else if (index > se.index)
               return false;
            else
               return (name < se.name);
         }

         void clear()
         {
            name   = "???";
            size   = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
            index  = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
            depth  = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
            type   = e_none;
            active = false;
            ref_count = 0;
            ip_index  = 0;
            data      = 0;
            var_node  = 0;
            vec_node  = 0;
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            str_node  = 0;
            #endif
         }

         std::string  name;
         std::size_t  size;
         std::size_t  index;
         std::size_t  depth;
         std::size_t  ref_count;
         std::size_t  ip_index;
         element_type type;
         bool         active;
         void*        data;
         variable_node_ptr  var_node;
         vector_holder_ptr  vec_node;
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         stringvar_node_ptr str_node;
         #endif
      };

      class scope_element_manager
      {
      public:

         typedef variable_node_t* variable_node_ptr;
         typedef parser<T> parser_t;

         scope_element_manager(parser<T>& p)
         : parser_(p),
           input_param_cnt_(0)
         {}

         inline std::size_t size() const
         {
            return element_.size();
         }

         inline bool empty() const
         {
            return element_.empty();
         }

         inline scope_element& get_element(const std::size_t& index)
         {
            if (index < element_.size())
               return element_[index];
            else
               return null_element_;
         }

         inline scope_element& get_element(const std::string& var_name,
                                           const std::size_t index = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max())
         {
            const std::size_t current_depth = parser_.state_.scope_depth;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < element_.size(); ++i)
            {
               scope_element& se = element_[i];

               if (se.depth > current_depth)
                  continue;
               else if (
                         (se.name  == var_name) &&
                         (se.index == index)
                       )
                  return se;
            }

            return null_element_;
         }

         inline scope_element& get_active_element(const std::string& var_name,
                                                  const std::size_t index = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max())
         {
            const std::size_t current_depth = parser_.state_.scope_depth;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < element_.size(); ++i)
            {
               scope_element& se = element_[i];

               if (se.depth > current_depth)
                  continue;
               else if (
                         (se.name  == var_name) &&
                         (se.index == index)    &&
                         (se.active)
                       )
                  return se;
            }

            return null_element_;
         }

         inline bool add_element(const scope_element& se)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < element_.size(); ++i)
            {
               scope_element& cse = element_[i];

               if (
                    (cse.name  == se.name ) &&
                    (cse.depth <= se.depth) &&
                    (cse.index == se.index) &&
                    (cse.size  == se.size ) &&
                    (cse.type  == se.type ) &&
                    (cse.active)
                  )
                  return false;
            }

            element_.push_back(se);
            std::sort(element_.begin(),element_.end());

            return true;
         }

         inline void deactivate(const std::size_t& scope_depth)
         {
            exprtk_debug(("deactivate() - Scope depth: %d\n",
                          static_cast<int>(parser_.state_.scope_depth)));

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < element_.size(); ++i)
            {
               scope_element& se = element_[i];

               if (se.active && (se.depth >= scope_depth))
               {
                  exprtk_debug(("deactivate() - element[%02d] '%s'\n",
                                static_cast<int>(i),
                                se.name.c_str()));

                  se.active = false;
               }
            }
         }

         inline void free_element(scope_element& se)
         {
            switch (se.type)
            {
               case scope_element::e_variable: if (se.data    ) delete (T*) se.data;
                                               if (se.var_node) delete se.var_node;
                                               break;

               case scope_element::e_vector  : if (se.data    ) delete[] (T*) se.data;
                                               if (se.vec_node) delete se.vec_node;
                                               break;

               case scope_element::e_vecelem : if (se.var_node) delete se.var_node;
                                               break;

               case scope_element::e_string  : if (se.data    ) delete (std::string*) se.data;
                                               if (se.str_node) delete se.str_node;
                                               break;

               default                       : return;
            }

            se.clear();
         }

         inline void cleanup()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < element_.size(); ++i)
            {
               free_element(element_[i]);
            }

            element_.clear();

            input_param_cnt_ = 0;
         }

         inline std::size_t next_ip_index()
         {
            return ++input_param_cnt_;
         }

         inline variable_node_ptr get_variable(const T& v)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < element_.size(); ++i)
            {
               scope_element& se = element_[i];

               if (se.active && se.var_node)
               {
                  if (&se.var_node->ref() == (&v))
                  {
                     return se.var_node;
                  }
               }
            }

            return variable_node_ptr(0);
         }

      private:

         scope_element_manager& operator=(const scope_element_manager&);

         parser_t& parser_;
         std::vector<scope_element> element_;
         scope_element null_element_;
         std::size_t input_param_cnt_;
      };

      class scope_handler
      {
      public:

         typedef parser<T> parser_t;

         scope_handler(parser<T>& p)
         : parser_(p)
         {
            parser_.state_.scope_depth++;
            #ifdef exprtk_enable_debugging
            std::string depth(2 * parser_.state_.scope_depth,'-');
            exprtk_debug(("%s> Scope Depth: %02d\n",
                          depth.c_str(),
                          static_cast<int>(parser_.state_.scope_depth)));
            #endif
         }

        ~scope_handler()
         {
            parser_.sem_.deactivate(parser_.state_.scope_depth);
            parser_.state_.scope_depth--;
            #ifdef exprtk_enable_debugging
            std::string depth(2 * parser_.state_.scope_depth,'-');
            exprtk_debug(("<%s Scope Depth: %02d\n",
                          depth.c_str(),
                          static_cast<int>(parser_.state_.scope_depth)));
            #endif
         }

      private:

         scope_handler& operator=(const scope_handler&);

         parser_t& parser_;
      };

      struct symtab_store
      {
         symbol_table_list_t symtab_list_;

         typedef typename symbol_table_t::local_data_t   local_data_t;
         typedef typename symbol_table_t::variable_ptr   variable_ptr;
         typedef typename symbol_table_t::function_ptr   function_ptr;
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         typedef typename symbol_table_t::stringvar_ptr stringvar_ptr;
         #endif
         typedef typename symbol_table_t::vector_holder_ptr       vector_holder_ptr;
         typedef typename symbol_table_t::vararg_function_ptr   vararg_function_ptr;
         typedef typename symbol_table_t::generic_function_ptr generic_function_ptr;

         inline bool empty() const
         {
            return symtab_list_.empty();
         }

         inline void clear()
         {
            symtab_list_.clear();
         }

         inline bool valid() const
         {
            if (!empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
               {
                  if (symtab_list_[i].valid())
                     return true;
               }
            }

            return false;
         }

         inline bool valid_symbol(const std::string& symbol) const
         {
            if (!symtab_list_.empty())
               return symtab_list_[0].valid_symbol(symbol);
            else
               return false;
         }

         inline bool valid_function_name(const std::string& symbol) const
         {
            if (!symtab_list_.empty())
               return symtab_list_[0].valid_function(symbol);
            else
               return false;
         }

         inline variable_ptr get_variable(const std::string& variable_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_symbol(variable_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<variable_ptr>(0);

            variable_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<variable_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result = local_data(i)
                              .variable_store.get(variable_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline variable_ptr get_variable(const T& var_ref) const
         {
            variable_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<variable_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result = local_data(i).variable_store
                              .get_from_varptr(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&var_ref));

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline stringvar_ptr get_stringvar(const std::string& string_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_symbol(string_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<stringvar_ptr>(0);

            stringvar_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<stringvar_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result = local_data(i)
                              .stringvar_store.get(string_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }
         #endif

         inline function_ptr get_function(const std::string& function_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_function_name(function_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<function_ptr>(0);

            function_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<function_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result = local_data(i)
                              .function_store.get(function_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline vararg_function_ptr get_vararg_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_function_name(vararg_function_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<vararg_function_ptr>(0);

            vararg_function_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<vararg_function_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result = local_data(i)
                              .vararg_function_store.get(vararg_function_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline generic_function_ptr get_generic_function(const std::string& function_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_function_name(function_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);

            generic_function_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result = local_data(i)
                              .generic_function_store.get(function_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline generic_function_ptr get_string_function(const std::string& function_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_function_name(function_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);

            generic_function_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<generic_function_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result =
                     local_data(i).string_function_store.get(function_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline vector_holder_ptr get_vector(const std::string& vector_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_symbol(vector_name))
               return reinterpret_cast<vector_holder_ptr>(0);

            vector_holder_ptr result = reinterpret_cast<vector_holder_ptr>(0);

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else
                  result =
                     local_data(i).vector_store.get(vector_name);

               if (result) break;
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline bool is_constant_node(const std::string& symbol_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
               return false;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (local_data(i).variable_store.is_constant(symbol_name))
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline bool is_constant_string(const std::string& symbol_name) const
         {
            if (!valid_symbol(symbol_name))
               return false;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (!local_data(i).stringvar_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name))
                  continue;
               else if ( local_data(i).stringvar_store.is_constant(symbol_name))
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }
         #endif

         inline bool symbol_exists(const std::string& symbol) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (symtab_list_[i].symbol_exists(symbol))
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         inline bool is_variable(const std::string& variable_name) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (
                         symtab_list_[i].local_data().variable_store
                           .symbol_exists(variable_name)
                       )
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline bool is_stringvar(const std::string& stringvar_name) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (
                         symtab_list_[i].local_data().stringvar_store
                           .symbol_exists(stringvar_name)
                       )
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         inline bool is_conststr_stringvar(const std::string& symbol_name) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (
                         symtab_list_[i].local_data().stringvar_store
                           .symbol_exists(symbol_name)
                       )
               {
                  return (
                           local_data(i).stringvar_store.symbol_exists(symbol_name) ||
                           local_data(i).stringvar_store.is_constant  (symbol_name)
                         );

               }
            }

            return false;
         }
         #endif

         inline bool is_function(const std::string& function_name) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (
                         local_data(i).vararg_function_store
                           .symbol_exists(function_name)
                       )
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         inline bool is_vararg_function(const std::string& vararg_function_name) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (
                         local_data(i).vararg_function_store
                           .symbol_exists(vararg_function_name)
                       )
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         inline bool is_vector(const std::string& vector_name) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symtab_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (!symtab_list_[i].valid())
                  continue;
               else if (
                         local_data(i).vector_store
                           .symbol_exists(vector_name)
                       )
                  return true;
            }

            return false;
         }

         inline std::string get_variable_name(const expression_node_ptr& ptr) const
         {
            return local_data().variable_store.entity_name(ptr);
         }

         inline std::string get_vector_name(const vector_holder_ptr& ptr) const
         {
            return local_data().vector_store.entity_name(ptr);
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline std::string get_stringvar_name(const expression_node_ptr& ptr) const
         {
            return local_data().stringvar_store.entity_name(ptr);
         }

         inline std::string get_conststr_stringvar_name(const expression_node_ptr& ptr) const
         {
            return local_data().stringvar_store.entity_name(ptr);
         }
         #endif

         inline local_data_t& local_data(const std::size_t& index = 0)
         {
            return symtab_list_[index].local_data();
         }

         inline const local_data_t& local_data(const std::size_t& index = 0) const
         {
            return symtab_list_[index].local_data();
         }

         inline symbol_table_t& get_symbol_table(const std::size_t& index = 0)
         {
            return symtab_list_[index];
         }
      };

      struct parser_state
      {
         parser_state()
         : parsing_return_stmt(false),
           parsing_break_stmt (false),
           return_stmt_present(false),
           side_effect_present(false),
           scope_depth(0)
         {}

         void reset()
         {
            parsing_return_stmt = false;
            parsing_break_stmt  = false;
            return_stmt_present = false;
            side_effect_present = false;
            scope_depth         = 0;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_enable_debugging
         void activate_side_effect(const std::string&)
         #else
         void activate_side_effect(const std::string& source)
         #endif
         {
            if (!side_effect_present)
            {
               side_effect_present = true;

               exprtk_debug(("activate_side_effect() - caller: %s\n",source.c_str()));
            }
         }

         bool parsing_return_stmt;
         bool parsing_break_stmt;
         bool return_stmt_present;
         bool side_effect_present;
         std::size_t scope_depth;
      };

   public:

      struct unknown_symbol_resolver
      {

         enum usr_symbol_type
         {
            e_usr_variable_type = 0,
            e_usr_constant_type = 1
         };

         virtual ~unknown_symbol_resolver()
         {}

         virtual bool process(const std::string& /*unknown_symbol*/,
                              usr_symbol_type& st,
                              T& default_value,
                              std::string& error_message)
         {
            st = e_usr_variable_type;
            default_value = T(0);
            error_message = "";

            return true;
         }
      };

      enum collect_type
      {
         e_ct_none        = 0,
         e_ct_variables   = 1,
         e_ct_functions   = 2,
         e_ct_assignments = 4
      };

      enum symbol_type
      {
         e_st_unknown        = 0,
         e_st_variable       = 1,
         e_st_vector         = 2,
         e_st_string         = 3,
         e_st_function       = 4,
         e_st_local_variable = 5,
         e_st_local_vector   = 6,
         e_st_local_string   = 7
      };

      class dependent_entity_collector
      {
      public:

         typedef std::pair<std::string,symbol_type> symbol_t;
         typedef std::vector<symbol_t> symbol_list_t;

         dependent_entity_collector(const std::size_t options = e_ct_none)
         : options_(options),
           collect_variables_  ((options_ & e_ct_variables  ) == e_ct_variables  ),
           collect_functions_  ((options_ & e_ct_functions  ) == e_ct_functions  ),
           collect_assignments_((options_ & e_ct_assignments) == e_ct_assignments),
           return_present_(false)
         {}

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline std::size_t symbols(Sequence<symbol_t,Allocator>& symbols_list)
         {
            if (!collect_variables_ && !collect_functions_)
               return 0;
            else if (symbol_name_list_.empty())
               return 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < symbol_name_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               std::string& s = symbol_name_list_[i].first;
               std::transform(s.begin(),s.end(),s.begin(),static_cast<int(*)(int)>(std::tolower));
            }

            std::sort(symbol_name_list_.begin(),symbol_name_list_.end());
            std::unique_copy(symbol_name_list_.begin(),
                             symbol_name_list_.end(),
                             std::back_inserter(symbols_list));

            return symbols_list.size();
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline std::size_t assignment_symbols(Sequence<symbol_t,Allocator>& assignment_list)
         {
            if (!collect_assignments_)
               return 0;
            else if (assignment_name_list_.empty())
               return 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < assignment_name_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               std::string& s = assignment_name_list_[i].first;
               std::transform(s.begin(),s.end(),s.begin(),static_cast<int(*)(int)>(std::tolower));
            }

            std::sort(assignment_name_list_.begin(),assignment_name_list_.end());
            std::unique_copy(assignment_name_list_.begin(),
                             assignment_name_list_.end(),
                             std::back_inserter(assignment_list));

            return assignment_list.size();
         }

         void clear()
         {
            symbol_name_list_    .clear();
            assignment_name_list_.clear();
            return_present_ = false;
         }

         bool& collect_variables()
         {
            return collect_variables_;
         }

         bool& collect_functions()
         {
            return collect_functions_;
         }

         bool& collect_assignments()
         {
            return collect_assignments_;
         }

         bool return_present() const
         {
            return return_present_;
         }

      private:

         inline void add_symbol(const std::string& symbol, const symbol_type st)
         {
            switch (st)
            {
               case e_st_variable       :
               case e_st_vector         :
               case e_st_string         :
               case e_st_local_variable :
               case e_st_local_vector   :
               case e_st_local_string   :
               case e_st_function       :
                  if (collect_variables_ || collect_functions_)
                     symbol_name_list_.push_back(std::make_pair(symbol,st));
                  break;

               default                  : return;
            }
         }

         inline void add_assignment(const std::string& symbol, const symbol_type st)
         {
            switch (st)
            {
               case e_st_variable       :
               case e_st_vector         :
               case e_st_string         :
                  if (collect_assignments_)
                     assignment_name_list_.push_back(std::make_pair(symbol,st));
                  break;

               default                  : return;
            }
         }

         std::size_t options_;
         bool collect_variables_;
         bool collect_functions_;
         bool collect_assignments_;
         bool return_present_;
         symbol_list_t symbol_name_list_;
         symbol_list_t assignment_name_list_;

         friend class parser<T>;
      };

      class settings_store
      {
      private:

         typedef std::set<std::string,details::ilesscompare> disabled_entity_set_t;
         typedef disabled_entity_set_t::iterator des_itr_t;

      public:

         enum settings_compilation_options
         {
            e_unknown              =    0,
            e_replacer             =    1,
            e_joiner               =    2,
            e_numeric_check        =    4,
            e_bracket_check        =    8,
            e_sequence_check       =   16,
            e_commutative_check    =   32,
            e_strength_reduction   =   64,
            e_disable_vardef       =  128,
            e_collect_vars         =  256,
            e_collect_funcs        =  512,
            e_collect_assings      = 1024,
            e_disable_usr_on_rsrvd = 2048
         };

         enum settings_base_funcs
         {
            e_bf_unknown = 0,
            e_bf_abs       , e_bf_acos     , e_bf_acosh    , e_bf_asin   ,
            e_bf_asinh     , e_bf_atan     , e_bf_atan2    , e_bf_atanh  ,
            e_bf_avg       , e_bf_ceil     , e_bf_clamp    , e_bf_cos    ,
            e_bf_cosh      , e_bf_cot      , e_bf_csc      , e_bf_equal  ,
            e_bf_erf       , e_bf_erfc     , e_bf_exp      , e_bf_expm1  ,
            e_bf_floor     , e_bf_frac     , e_bf_hypot    , e_bf_iclamp ,
            e_bf_like      , e_bf_log      , e_bf_log10    , e_bf_log1p  ,
            e_bf_log2      , e_bf_logn     , e_bf_mand     , e_bf_max    ,
            e_bf_min       , e_bf_mod      , e_bf_mor      , e_bf_mul    ,
            e_bf_ncdf      , e_bf_pow      , e_bf_root     , e_bf_round  ,
            e_bf_roundn    , e_bf_sec      , e_bf_sgn      , e_bf_sin    ,
            e_bf_sinc      , e_bf_sinh     , e_bf_sqrt     , e_bf_sum    ,
            e_bf_swap      , e_bf_tan      , e_bf_tanh     , e_bf_trunc  ,
            e_bf_not_equal , e_bf_inrange  , e_bf_deg2grad , e_bf_deg2rad,
            e_bf_rad2deg   , e_bf_grad2deg
         };

         enum settings_control_structs
         {
            e_ctrl_unknown = 0,
            e_ctrl_ifelse,
            e_ctrl_switch,
            e_ctrl_for_loop,
            e_ctrl_while_loop,
            e_ctrl_repeat_loop
         };

         enum settings_logic_opr
         {
            e_logic_unknown = 0,
            e_logic_and, e_logic_nand,  e_logic_nor,
            e_logic_not, e_logic_or,    e_logic_xnor,
            e_logic_xor, e_logic_scand, e_logic_scor
         };

         static const std::size_t compile_all_opts = e_replacer          +
                                                     e_joiner            +
                                                     e_numeric_check     +
                                                     e_bracket_check     +
                                                     e_sequence_check    +
                                                     e_commutative_check +
                                                     e_strength_reduction;

         settings_store(const std::size_t compile_options = compile_all_opts)
         {
           load_compile_options(compile_options);
         }

         settings_store& enable_all_base_functions()
         {
            disabled_func_set_.clear();
            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& enable_all_control_structures()
         {
            disabled_ctrl_set_.clear();
            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& enable_all_logic_ops()
         {
            disabled_logic_set_.clear();
            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& disable_all_base_functions()
         {
            std::copy(details::base_function_list,
                      details::base_function_list + details::base_function_list_size,
                      std::insert_iterator<disabled_entity_set_t>
                        (disabled_func_set_,disabled_func_set_.begin()));
            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& disable_all_control_structures()
         {
            std::copy(details::cntrl_struct_list,
                      details::cntrl_struct_list + details::cntrl_struct_list_size,
                      std::insert_iterator<disabled_entity_set_t>
                        (disabled_ctrl_set_,disabled_ctrl_set_.begin()));
            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& disable_all_logic_ops()
         {
            std::copy(details::logic_ops_list,
                      details::logic_ops_list + details::logic_ops_list_size,
                      std::insert_iterator<disabled_entity_set_t>
                        (disabled_logic_set_,disabled_logic_set_.begin()));
            return *this;
         }

         bool replacer_enabled           () const { return enable_replacer_;           }
         bool commutative_check_enabled  () const { return enable_commutative_check_;  }
         bool joiner_enabled             () const { return enable_joiner_;             }
         bool numeric_check_enabled      () const { return enable_numeric_check_;      }
         bool bracket_check_enabled      () const { return enable_bracket_check_;      }
         bool sequence_check_enabled     () const { return enable_sequence_check_;     }
         bool strength_reduction_enabled () const { return enable_strength_reduction_; }
         bool collect_variables_enabled  () const { return enable_collect_vars_;       }
         bool collect_functions_enabled  () const { return enable_collect_funcs_;      }
         bool collect_assignments_enabled() const { return enable_collect_assings_;    }
         bool vardef_disabled            () const { return disable_vardef_;            }
         bool rsrvd_sym_usr_disabled     () const { return disable_rsrvd_sym_usr_;     }

         bool function_enabled(const std::string& function_name)
         {
            if (disabled_func_set_.empty())
               return true;
            else
               return (disabled_func_set_.end() == disabled_func_set_.find(function_name));
         }

         bool control_struct_enabled(const std::string& control_struct)
         {
            if (disabled_ctrl_set_.empty())
               return true;
            else
               return (disabled_ctrl_set_.end() == disabled_ctrl_set_.find(control_struct));
         }

         bool logic_enabled(const std::string& logic_operation)
         {
            if (disabled_logic_set_.empty())
               return true;
            else
               return (disabled_logic_set_.end() == disabled_logic_set_.find(logic_operation));
         }

         bool function_disabled(const std::string& function_name)
         {
            if (disabled_func_set_.empty())
               return false;
            else
               return (disabled_func_set_.end() != disabled_func_set_.find(function_name));
         }

         bool control_struct_disabled(const std::string& control_struct)
         {
            if (disabled_ctrl_set_.empty())
               return false;
            else
               return (disabled_ctrl_set_.end() != disabled_ctrl_set_.find(control_struct));
         }

         bool logic_disabled(const std::string& logic_operation)
         {
            if (disabled_logic_set_.empty())
               return false;
            else
               return (disabled_logic_set_.end() != disabled_logic_set_.find(logic_operation));
         }

         settings_store& disable_base_function(settings_base_funcs bf)
         {
            if (
                 (e_bf_unknown != bf) &&
                 (bf < details::base_function_list_size)
               )
            {
               disabled_func_set_.insert(details::base_function_list[bf - 1]);
            }

            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& disable_control_structure(settings_control_structs ctrl_struct)
         {
            if (
                 (e_ctrl_unknown != ctrl_struct) &&
                 (ctrl_struct < details::cntrl_struct_list_size)
               )
            {
               disabled_ctrl_set_.insert(details::cntrl_struct_list[ctrl_struct - 1]);
            }

            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& disable_logic_operation(settings_logic_opr logic)
         {
            if (
                 (e_logic_unknown != logic) &&
                 (logic < details::logic_ops_list_size)
               )
            {
               disabled_logic_set_.insert(details::logic_ops_list[logic - 1]);
            }

            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& enable_base_function(settings_base_funcs bf)
         {
            if (
                 (e_bf_unknown != bf) &&
                 (bf < details::base_function_list_size)
               )
            {
               des_itr_t itr = disabled_func_set_.find(details::base_function_list[bf - 1]);

               if (disabled_func_set_.end() != itr)
               {
                  disabled_func_set_.erase(itr);
               }
            }

            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& enable_control_structure(settings_control_structs ctrl_struct)
         {
            if (
                 (e_ctrl_unknown != ctrl_struct) &&
                 (ctrl_struct < details::cntrl_struct_list_size)
               )
            {
               des_itr_t itr = disabled_ctrl_set_.find(details::cntrl_struct_list[ctrl_struct - 1]);

               if (disabled_ctrl_set_.end() != itr)
               {
                  disabled_ctrl_set_.erase(itr);
               }
            }

            return *this;
         }

         settings_store& enable_logic_operation(settings_logic_opr logic)
         {
            if (
                 (e_logic_unknown != logic) &&
                 (logic < details::logic_ops_list_size)
               )
            {
               des_itr_t itr = disabled_logic_set_.find(details::logic_ops_list[logic - 1]);

               if (disabled_logic_set_.end() != itr)
               {
                  disabled_logic_set_.erase(itr);
               }
            }

            return *this;
         }

      private:

         void load_compile_options(const std::size_t compile_options)
         {
            enable_replacer_           = (compile_options & e_replacer           ) == e_replacer;
            enable_joiner_             = (compile_options & e_joiner             ) == e_joiner;
            enable_numeric_check_      = (compile_options & e_numeric_check      ) == e_numeric_check;
            enable_bracket_check_      = (compile_options & e_bracket_check      ) == e_bracket_check;
            enable_sequence_check_     = (compile_options & e_sequence_check     ) == e_sequence_check;
            enable_commutative_check_  = (compile_options & e_commutative_check  ) == e_commutative_check;
            enable_strength_reduction_ = (compile_options & e_strength_reduction ) == e_strength_reduction;
            enable_collect_vars_       = (compile_options & e_collect_vars       ) == e_collect_vars;
            enable_collect_funcs_      = (compile_options & e_collect_funcs      ) == e_collect_funcs;
            enable_collect_assings_    = (compile_options & e_collect_assings    ) == e_collect_assings;
            disable_vardef_            = (compile_options & e_disable_vardef     ) == e_disable_vardef;
            disable_rsrvd_sym_usr_     = (compile_options & e_disable_usr_on_rsrvd) == e_disable_usr_on_rsrvd;
         }

         bool enable_replacer_;
         bool enable_joiner_;
         bool enable_numeric_check_;
         bool enable_bracket_check_;
         bool enable_sequence_check_;
         bool enable_commutative_check_;
         bool enable_strength_reduction_;
         bool enable_collect_vars_;
         bool enable_collect_funcs_;
         bool enable_collect_assings_;
         bool disable_vardef_;
         bool disable_rsrvd_sym_usr_;

         disabled_entity_set_t disabled_func_set_ ;
         disabled_entity_set_t disabled_ctrl_set_ ;
         disabled_entity_set_t disabled_logic_set_;

         friend class parser<T>;
      };

      typedef settings_store settings_t;

      parser(const settings_t& settings = settings_t())
      : settings_(settings),
        resolve_unknown_symbol_(false),
        results_context_(0),
        unknown_symbol_resolver_(reinterpret_cast<unknown_symbol_resolver*>(0)),
        #ifdef _MSC_VER
        #pragma warning(push)
        #pragma warning (disable:4355)
        #endif
        sem_(*this),
        #ifdef _MSC_VER
        #pragma warning(pop)
        #endif
        operator_joiner_2_(2),
        operator_joiner_3_(3)
      {
         init_precompilation();

         load_operations_map           (base_ops_map_     );
         load_unary_operations_map     (unary_op_map_     );
         load_binary_operations_map    (binary_op_map_    );
         load_inv_binary_operations_map(inv_binary_op_map_);
         load_sf3_map                  (sf3_map_          );
         load_sf4_map                  (sf4_map_          );

         expression_generator_.init_synthesize_map();
         expression_generator_.set_parser(*this);
         expression_generator_.set_uom(unary_op_map_);
         expression_generator_.set_bom(binary_op_map_);
         expression_generator_.set_ibom(inv_binary_op_map_);
         expression_generator_.set_sf3m(sf3_map_);
         expression_generator_.set_sf4m(sf4_map_);
         expression_generator_.set_strength_reduction_state(settings_.strength_reduction_enabled());
      }

     ~parser()
      {}

      inline void init_precompilation()
      {
         if (settings_.collect_variables_enabled())
            dec_.collect_variables() = true;

         if (settings_.collect_functions_enabled())
            dec_.collect_functions() = true;

         if (settings_.collect_assignments_enabled())
            dec_.collect_assignments() = true;

         if (settings_.replacer_enabled())
         {
            symbol_replacer_.clear();
            symbol_replacer_.add_replace("true" ,"1",lexer::token::e_number);
            symbol_replacer_.add_replace("false","0",lexer::token::e_number);
            helper_assembly_.token_modifier_list.clear();
            helper_assembly_.register_modifier(&symbol_replacer_);
         }

         if (settings_.commutative_check_enabled())
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < details::reserved_words_size; ++i)
            {
               commutative_inserter_.ignore_symbol(details::reserved_words[i]);
            }

            helper_assembly_.token_inserter_list.clear();
            helper_assembly_.register_inserter(&commutative_inserter_);
         }

         if (settings_.joiner_enabled())
         {
            helper_assembly_.token_joiner_list.clear();
            helper_assembly_.register_joiner(&operator_joiner_2_);
            helper_assembly_.register_joiner(&operator_joiner_3_);
         }

         if (
              settings_.numeric_check_enabled () ||
              settings_.bracket_check_enabled () ||
              settings_.sequence_check_enabled()
            )
         {
            helper_assembly_.token_scanner_list.clear();

            if (settings_.numeric_check_enabled())
            {
               helper_assembly_.register_scanner(&numeric_checker_);
            }

            if (settings_.bracket_check_enabled())
            {
               helper_assembly_.register_scanner(&bracket_checker_);
            }

            if (settings_.sequence_check_enabled())
            {
               helper_assembly_.register_scanner(&sequence_validator_);
            }
         }
      }

      inline bool compile(const std::string& expression_string, expression<T>& expr)
      {
         state_          .reset();
         error_list_     .clear();
         brkcnt_list_    .clear();
         synthesis_error_.clear();
         sem_            .cleanup();

         return_cleanup();

         expression_generator_.set_allocator(node_allocator_);

         if (expression_string.empty())
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          "ERR00 - Empty expression!"));

            return false;
         }

         if (!init(expression_string))
         {
            process_lexer_errors();
            return false;
         }

         if (lexer().empty())
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          "ERR01 - Empty expression!"));

            return false;
         }

         if (!run_assemblies())
         {
            return false;
         }

         symtab_store_.symtab_list_ = expr.get_symbol_table_list();
         dec_.clear();

         lexer().begin();

         next_token();

         expression_node_ptr e = parse_corpus();

         if ((0 != e) && (token_t::e_eof == current_token().type))
         {
            bool* retinvk_ptr = 0;

            if (state_.return_stmt_present)
            {
               dec_.return_present_ = true;

               e = expression_generator_
                     .return_envelope(e,results_context_,retinvk_ptr);
            }

            expr.set_expression(e);
            expr.set_retinvk(retinvk_ptr);

            register_local_vars(expr);
            register_return_results(expr);

            return !(!expr);
         }
         else
         {
            if (error_list_.empty())
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR02 - Invalid expression encountered"));
            }

            dec_.clear    ();
            sem_.cleanup  ();
            return_cleanup();

            if (0 != e)
            {
               delete e;
            }

            return false;
         }
      }

      void process_lexer_errors()
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < lexer().size(); ++i)
         {
            if (lexer()[i].is_error())
            {
               std::string diagnostic = "ERR03 - ";

               switch (lexer()[i].type)
               {
                  case lexer::token::e_error      : diagnostic += "General token error";
                                                    break;

                  case lexer::token::e_err_symbol : diagnostic += "Symbol error";
                                                    break;

                  case lexer::token::e_err_number : diagnostic += "Invalid numeric token";
                                                    break;

                  case lexer::token::e_err_string : diagnostic += "Invalid string token";
                                                    break;

                  case lexer::token::e_err_sfunc  : diagnostic += "Invalid special function token";
                                                    break;

                  default                         : diagnostic += "Unknown compiler error";
               }

               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_lexer,
                             lexer()[i],
                             diagnostic + ": " + lexer()[i].value));
            }
         }
      }

      inline bool run_assemblies()
      {
         if (settings_.commutative_check_enabled())
         {
            helper_assembly_.run_inserters(lexer());
         }

         if (settings_.joiner_enabled())
         {
            helper_assembly_.run_joiners(lexer());
         }

         if (settings_.replacer_enabled())
         {
            helper_assembly_.run_modifiers(lexer());
         }

         if (
              settings_.numeric_check_enabled () ||
              settings_.bracket_check_enabled () ||
              settings_.sequence_check_enabled()
            )
         {
            if (!helper_assembly_.run_scanners(lexer()))
            {
               if (helper_assembly_.error_token_scanner)
               {
                  lexer::helper::bracket_checker*    bracket_checker_ptr    = 0;
                  lexer::helper::numeric_checker*    numeric_checker_ptr    = 0;
                  lexer::helper::sequence_validator* sequence_validator_ptr = 0;

                  if (0 != (bracket_checker_ptr = dynamic_cast<lexer::helper::bracket_checker*>(helper_assembly_.error_token_scanner)))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_token,
                                   bracket_checker_ptr->error_token(),
                                   "ERR04 - Mismatched brackets: '" + bracket_checker_ptr->error_token().value + "'"));
                  }
                  else if (0 != (numeric_checker_ptr = dynamic_cast<lexer::helper::numeric_checker*>(helper_assembly_.error_token_scanner)))
                  {
                     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < numeric_checker_ptr->error_count(); ++i)
                     {
                        lexer::token error_token = lexer()[numeric_checker_ptr->error_index(i)];

                        set_error(
                           make_error(parser_error::e_token,
                                      error_token,
                                      "ERR05 - Invalid numeric token: '" + error_token.value + "'"));
                     }

                     if (numeric_checker_ptr->error_count())
                     {
                        numeric_checker_ptr->clear_errors();
                     }
                  }
                  else if (0 != (sequence_validator_ptr = dynamic_cast<lexer::helper::sequence_validator*>(helper_assembly_.error_token_scanner)))
                  {
                     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sequence_validator_ptr->error_count(); ++i)
                     {
                        std::pair<lexer::token,lexer::token> error_token = sequence_validator_ptr->error(i);

                        set_error(
                           make_error(parser_error::e_token,
                                      error_token.first,
                                      "ERR06 - Invalid token sequence: '" +
                                      error_token.first.value  + "' and '" +
                                      error_token.second.value + "'"));
                     }

                     if (sequence_validator_ptr->error_count())
                     {
                        sequence_validator_ptr->clear_errors();
                     }
                  }
               }

               return false;
            }
         }

         return true;
      }

      inline settings_store& settings()
      {
         return settings_;
      }

      inline parser_error::type get_error(const std::size_t& index)
      {
         if (index < error_list_.size())
            return error_list_[index];
         else
            throw std::invalid_argument("parser::get_error() - Invalid error index specificed");
      }

      inline std::string error() const
      {
         if (!error_list_.empty())
         {
            return error_list_[0].diagnostic;
         }
         else
            return std::string("No Error");
      }

      inline std::size_t error_count() const
      {
         return error_list_.size();
      }

      inline dependent_entity_collector& dec()
      {
         return dec_;
      }

      inline bool replace_symbol(const std::string& old_symbol, const std::string& new_symbol)
      {
         if (!settings_.replacer_enabled())
            return false;
         else if (details::is_reserved_word(old_symbol))
            return false;
         else
            return symbol_replacer_.add_replace(old_symbol,new_symbol,lexer::token::e_symbol);
      }

      inline bool remove_replace_symbol(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         if (!settings_.replacer_enabled())
            return false;
         else if (details::is_reserved_word(symbol))
            return false;
         else
            return symbol_replacer_.remove(symbol);
      }

      inline void enable_unknown_symbol_resolver(unknown_symbol_resolver* usr = reinterpret_cast<unknown_symbol_resolver*>(0))
      {
         resolve_unknown_symbol_ = true;

         if (usr)
            unknown_symbol_resolver_ = usr;
         else
            unknown_symbol_resolver_ = &default_usr_;
      }

      inline void disable_unknown_symbol_resolver()
      {
         resolve_unknown_symbol_  = false;
         unknown_symbol_resolver_ = &default_usr_;
      }

   private:

      inline bool valid_base_operation(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         const std::size_t length = symbol.size();

         if (
              (length < 3) || // Shortest base op symbol length
              (length > 9)    // Longest base op symbol length
            )
            return false;
         else
            return settings_.function_enabled(symbol) &&
                   (base_ops_map_.end() != base_ops_map_.find(symbol));
      }

      inline bool valid_vararg_operation(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         static const std::string s_sum     = "sum" ;
         static const std::string s_mul     = "mul" ;
         static const std::string s_avg     = "avg" ;
         static const std::string s_min     = "min" ;
         static const std::string s_max     = "max" ;
         static const std::string s_mand    = "mand";
         static const std::string s_mor     = "mor" ;
         static const std::string s_multi   = "~"   ;
         static const std::string s_mswitch = "[*]" ;

         return
               (
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_sum    ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_mul    ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_avg    ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_min    ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_max    ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_mand   ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_mor    ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_multi  ) ||
                  details::imatch(symbol,s_mswitch)
               ) &&
               settings_.function_enabled(symbol);
      }

      #ifdef exprtk_enable_debugging
      inline void next_token()
      {
         std::string ct_str = current_token().value;
         parser_helper::next_token();
         std::string depth(2 * state_.scope_depth,' ');
         exprtk_debug(("%s"
                       "prev[%s] --> curr[%s]\n",
                       depth.c_str(),
                       ct_str.c_str(),
                       current_token().value.c_str()));
      }
      #endif

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_corpus()
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         std::vector<bool> side_effect_list;

         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         lexer::token begin_token;
         lexer::token   end_token;

         for ( ; ; )
         {
            state_.side_effect_present = false;

            begin_token = current_token();

            expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

            if (0 == arg)
            {
               if (error_list_.empty())
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR07 - Invalid expression encountered"));
               }

               return error_node();
            }
            else
            {
               arg_list.push_back(arg);

               side_effect_list.push_back(state_.side_effect_present);

               end_token = current_token();

               std::string sub_expr = construct_subexpr(begin_token,end_token);

               exprtk_debug(("parse_corpus(%02d) Subexpr: %s\n",
                             static_cast<int>(arg_list.size() - 1),
                             sub_expr.c_str()));

               exprtk_debug(("parse_corpus(%02d) - Side effect present: %s\n",
                             static_cast<int>(arg_list.size() - 1),
                             state_.side_effect_present ? "true" : "false"));

               exprtk_debug(("-------------------------------------------------\n"));
            }

            if (lexer().finished())
               break;
            else if (token_is(token_t::e_eof,false))
            {
               if (lexer().finished())
                  break;
               else
                  next_token();
            }
         }

         result = simplify(arg_list,side_effect_list);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      std::string construct_subexpr(lexer::token& begin_token, lexer::token& end_token)
      {
         std::string result = lexer().substr(begin_token.position,end_token.position);

         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < result.size(); ++i)
         {
            if (details::is_whitespace(result[i])) result[i] = ' ';
         }

         return result;
      }

      static const precedence_level default_precedence = e_level00;

      struct state_t
      {
         inline void set(const precedence_level& l,
                         const precedence_level& r,
                         const details::operator_type& o)
         {
            left  = l;
            right = r;
            operation = o;
         }

         inline void reset()
         {
            left  = e_level00;
            right = e_level00;
         }

         precedence_level left;
         precedence_level right;
         details::operator_type operation;
      };

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_expression(precedence_level precedence = e_level00)
      {
         expression_node_ptr expression = parse_branch(precedence);

         if (0 == expression)
         {
            return error_node();
         }

         bool break_loop = false;

         state_t current_state;

         for ( ; ; )
         {
            current_state.reset();

            switch (current_token().type)
            {
               case token_t::e_assign : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_assign); break;
               case token_t::e_addass : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_addass); break;
               case token_t::e_subass : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_subass); break;
               case token_t::e_mulass : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_mulass); break;
               case token_t::e_divass : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_divass); break;
               case token_t::e_modass : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_modass); break;
               case token_t::e_swap   : current_state.set(e_level00,e_level00,details::e_swap  ); break;
               case token_t::e_lt     : current_state.set(e_level05,e_level06,details::    e_lt); break;
               case token_t::e_lte    : current_state.set(e_level05,e_level06,details::   e_lte); break;
               case token_t::e_eq     : current_state.set(e_level05,e_level06,details::    e_eq); break;
               case token_t::e_ne     : current_state.set(e_level05,e_level06,details::    e_ne); break;
               case token_t::e_gte    : current_state.set(e_level05,e_level06,details::   e_gte); break;
               case token_t::e_gt     : current_state.set(e_level05,e_level06,details::    e_gt); break;
               case token_t::e_add    : current_state.set(e_level07,e_level08,details::   e_add); break;
               case token_t::e_sub    : current_state.set(e_level07,e_level08,details::   e_sub); break;
               case token_t::e_div    : current_state.set(e_level10,e_level11,details::   e_div); break;
               case token_t::e_mul    : current_state.set(e_level10,e_level11,details::   e_mul); break;
               case token_t::e_mod    : current_state.set(e_level10,e_level11,details::   e_mod); break;
               case token_t::e_pow    : current_state.set(e_level12,e_level12,details::   e_pow); break;
               default                : if (token_t::e_symbol == current_token().type)
                                        {
                                           static const std::string s_and   =   "and";
                                           static const std::string s_nand  =  "nand";
                                           static const std::string s_or    =    "or";
                                           static const std::string s_nor   =   "nor";
                                           static const std::string s_xor   =   "xor";
                                           static const std::string s_xnor  =  "xnor";
                                           static const std::string s_in    =    "in";
                                           static const std::string s_like  =  "like";
                                           static const std::string s_ilike = "ilike";
                                           static const std::string s_and1  =     "&";
                                           static const std::string s_or1   =     "|";

                                           if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_and))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_and);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_and1))
                                           {
                                              #ifndef exprtk_disable_sc_andor
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_scand);
                                              #else
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_and);
                                              #endif
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_nand))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_nand);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_or))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level01,e_level02,details::e_or);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_or1))
                                           {
                                              #ifndef exprtk_disable_sc_andor
                                              current_state.set(e_level01,e_level02,details::e_scor);
                                              #else
                                              current_state.set(e_level01,e_level02,details::e_or);
                                              #endif
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_nor))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level01,e_level02,details::e_nor);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_xor))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level01,e_level02,details::e_xor);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_xnor))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level01,e_level02,details::e_xnor);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_in))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_in);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_like))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_like);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                           else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,s_ilike))
                                           {
                                              current_state.set(e_level03,e_level04,details::e_ilike);
                                              break;
                                           }
                                        }

                                        break_loop = true;
            }

            if (break_loop)
            {
               parse_pending_string_rangesize(expression);
               break;
            }
            else if (current_state.left < precedence)
               break;

            lexer::token prev_token = current_token();

            next_token();

            expression_node_ptr right_branch   = error_node();
            expression_node_ptr new_expression = error_node();

            if ((right_branch = parse_expression(current_state.right)))
            {
               if (
                    details::is_return_node(  expression) ||
                    details::is_return_node(right_branch)
                  )
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,  expression);
                  free_node(node_allocator_,right_branch);

                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                prev_token,
                                "ERR08 - Return statements cannot be part of sub-expressions"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               new_expression = expression_generator_
                                  (
                                    current_state.operation,
                                    expression,
                                    right_branch
                                  );
            }

            if (0 == new_expression)
            {
               if (error_list_.empty())
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                prev_token,
                                !synthesis_error_.empty() ?
                                synthesis_error_ :
                                "ERR09 - General parsing error at token: '" + prev_token.value + "'"));
               }

               free_node(node_allocator_,expression);

               return error_node();
            }
            else
            {
               expression = new_expression;

               if (token_is(token_t::e_ternary,false) && (precedence == e_level00))
               {
                  expression = parse_ternary_conditional_statement(expression);
               }

               parse_pending_string_rangesize(expression);
            }
         }

         return expression;
      }

      bool simplify_unary_negation_branch(expression_node_ptr& node)
      {
         {
            typedef details::unary_branch_node<T,details::neg_op<T> > ubn_t;
            ubn_t* n = dynamic_cast<ubn_t*>(node);

            if (n)
            {
               expression_node_ptr un_r = n->branch(0);
               n->release();
               free_node(node_allocator_,node);
               node = un_r;

               return true;
            }
         }

         {
            typedef details::unary_variable_node<T,details::neg_op<T> > ubn_t;

            ubn_t* n = dynamic_cast<ubn_t*>(node);

            if (n)
            {
               const T& v = n->v();
               expression_node_ptr return_node = error_node();

               if (
                    (return_node = symtab_store_.get_variable(v)) ||
                    (return_node = sem_         .get_variable(v))
                  )
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,node);
                  node = return_node;

                  return true;
               }
               else
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR10 - Failed to find variable node in symbol table"));
                  free_node(node_allocator_,node);

                  return false;
               }
            }
         }

         return false;
      }

      static inline expression_node_ptr error_node()
      {
         return reinterpret_cast<expression_node_ptr>(0);
      }

      template <typename Type, std::size_t N>
      struct scoped_delete
      {
         typedef Type* ptr_t;

         scoped_delete(parser<T>& pr, ptr_t& p)
         : delete_ptr(true),
           parser_(pr),
           p_(&p)
         {}

         scoped_delete(parser<T>& pr, ptr_t (&p)[N])
         : delete_ptr(true),
           parser_(pr),
           p_(&p[0])
         {}

        ~scoped_delete()
         {
            if (delete_ptr)
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
               {
                  free_node(parser_.node_allocator_,p_[i]);
               }
            }
         }

         bool delete_ptr;
         parser<T>& parser_;
         ptr_t* p_;

      private:

         scoped_delete<Type,N>& operator=(const scoped_delete<Type,N>&);
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct scoped_deq_delete
      {
         typedef Type* ptr_t;

         scoped_deq_delete(parser<T>& pr, std::deque<ptr_t>& deq)
         : delete_ptr(true),
           parser_(pr),
           deq_(deq)
         {}

        ~scoped_deq_delete()
         {
            if (delete_ptr && !deq_.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < deq_.size(); ++i)
               {
                  free_node(parser_.node_allocator_,deq_[i]);
               }

               deq_.clear();
            }
         }

         bool delete_ptr;
         parser<T>& parser_;
         std::deque<ptr_t>& deq_;

      private:

         scoped_deq_delete<Type>& operator=(const scoped_deq_delete<Type>&);
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct scoped_vec_delete
      {
         typedef Type* ptr_t;

         scoped_vec_delete(parser<T>& pr, std::vector<ptr_t>& vec)
         : delete_ptr(true),
           parser_(pr),
           vec_(vec)
         {}

        ~scoped_vec_delete()
         {
            if (delete_ptr && !vec_.empty())
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vec_.size(); ++i)
               {
                  free_node(parser_.node_allocator_,vec_[i]);
               }

               vec_.clear();
            }
         }

         bool delete_ptr;
         parser<T>& parser_;
         std::vector<ptr_t>& vec_;

      private:

         scoped_vec_delete<Type>& operator=(const scoped_vec_delete<Type>&);
      };

      struct scoped_bool_negator
      {
         scoped_bool_negator(bool& bb)
         : b(bb)
         { b = !b; }

        ~scoped_bool_negator()
         { b = !b; }

         bool& b;
      };

      struct scoped_bool_or_restorer
      {
         scoped_bool_or_restorer(bool& bb)
         : b(bb),
           original_value_(bb)
         {}

        ~scoped_bool_or_restorer()
         {
            b = b || original_value_;
         }

         bool& b;
         bool original_value_;
      };

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_function_invocation(ifunction<T>* function, const std::string& function_name)
      {
         expression_node_ptr func_node = reinterpret_cast<expression_node_ptr>(0);

         switch (function->param_count)
         {
            case  0 : func_node = parse_function_call_0  (function,function_name); break;
            case  1 : func_node = parse_function_call< 1>(function,function_name); break;
            case  2 : func_node = parse_function_call< 2>(function,function_name); break;
            case  3 : func_node = parse_function_call< 3>(function,function_name); break;
            case  4 : func_node = parse_function_call< 4>(function,function_name); break;
            case  5 : func_node = parse_function_call< 5>(function,function_name); break;
            case  6 : func_node = parse_function_call< 6>(function,function_name); break;
            case  7 : func_node = parse_function_call< 7>(function,function_name); break;
            case  8 : func_node = parse_function_call< 8>(function,function_name); break;
            case  9 : func_node = parse_function_call< 9>(function,function_name); break;
            case 10 : func_node = parse_function_call<10>(function,function_name); break;
            case 11 : func_node = parse_function_call<11>(function,function_name); break;
            case 12 : func_node = parse_function_call<12>(function,function_name); break;
            case 13 : func_node = parse_function_call<13>(function,function_name); break;
            case 14 : func_node = parse_function_call<14>(function,function_name); break;
            case 15 : func_node = parse_function_call<15>(function,function_name); break;
            case 16 : func_node = parse_function_call<16>(function,function_name); break;
            case 17 : func_node = parse_function_call<17>(function,function_name); break;
            case 18 : func_node = parse_function_call<18>(function,function_name); break;
            case 19 : func_node = parse_function_call<19>(function,function_name); break;
            case 20 : func_node = parse_function_call<20>(function,function_name); break;
            default : {
                         set_error(
                            make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                       current_token(),
                                       "ERR11 - Invalid number of parameters for function: '" + function_name + "'"));

                         return error_node();
                      }
         }

         if (func_node)
            return func_node;
         else
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR12 - Failed to generate call to function: '" + function_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
      }

      template <std::size_t NumberofParameters>
      inline expression_node_ptr parse_function_call(ifunction<T>* function, const std::string& function_name)
      {
         if (0 == NumberofParameters)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR13 - Expecting ifunction '" + function_name + "' to have non-zero parameter count"));

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr branch[NumberofParameters];
         expression_node_ptr result  = error_node();

         std::fill_n(branch,NumberofParameters,reinterpret_cast<expression_node_ptr>(0));
         scoped_delete<expression_node_t,NumberofParameters> sd(*this,branch);

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR14 - Expecting argument list for function: '" + function_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }

         for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(NumberofParameters); ++i)
         {
            branch[i] = parse_expression();

            if (0 == branch[i])
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR15 - Failed to parse argument " + details::to_str(i) + " for function: '" + function_name + "'"));

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (i < static_cast<int>(NumberofParameters - 1))
            {
               if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR16 - Invalid number of arguments for function: '" + function_name + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR17 - Invalid number of arguments for function: '" + function_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else
            result = expression_generator_.function(function,branch);

         sd.delete_ptr = false;

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_function_call_0(ifunction<T>* function, const std::string& function_name)
      {
         expression_node_ptr result = expression_generator_.function(function);

         state_.side_effect_present = function->has_side_effects();

         next_token();

         if (
               token_is(token_t::e_lbracket) &&
              !token_is(token_t::e_rbracket)
            )
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR18 - Expecting '()' to proceed call to function: '" + function_name + "'"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,result);

            return error_node();
         }
         else
            return result;
      }

      template <std::size_t MaxNumberofParameters>
      inline int parse_base_function_call(expression_node_ptr (&param_list)[MaxNumberofParameters])
      {
         std::fill_n(param_list,MaxNumberofParameters,reinterpret_cast<expression_node_ptr>(0));

         scoped_delete<expression_node_t,MaxNumberofParameters> sd(*this,param_list);

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR19 - Expected a '(' at start of function call, instead got: '" + current_token().value + "'"));

            return 0;
         }

         int param_index = 0;

         for (; param_index < static_cast<int>(MaxNumberofParameters); ++param_index)
         {
            param_list[param_index] = parse_expression();

            if (0 == param_list[param_index])
            {
               return 0;
            }
            else if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
               break;
            else if (token_is(token_t::e_comma))
               continue;
            else
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR20 - Expected a ',' between function input parameters, instead got: '" + current_token().value + "'"));

               return 0;
            }
         }

         sd.delete_ptr = false;

         return (param_index + 1);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_base_operation()
      {
         typedef std::pair<base_ops_map_t::iterator,base_ops_map_t::iterator> map_range_t;

         const std::string operation_name = current_token().value;
         map_range_t itr_range = base_ops_map_.equal_range(operation_name);

         if (0 == std::distance(itr_range.first,itr_range.second))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR21 - No entry found for base operation: " + operation_name));

            return error_node();
         }

         static const std::size_t MaxNumberofParameters = 4;
         expression_node_ptr param_list[MaxNumberofParameters] = {0};

         std::size_t parameter_count = parse_base_function_call(param_list);

         if (0 == parameter_count)
         {
            return error_node();
         }
         else if (parameter_count <= MaxNumberofParameters)
         {
            for (base_ops_map_t::iterator itr = itr_range.first; itr != itr_range.second; ++itr)
            {
               details::base_operation_t& operation = itr->second;

               if (operation.num_params == parameter_count)
               {
                  switch (parameter_count)
                  {
                     #define base_opr_case(N)                                        \
                     case N : {                                                      \
                                 expression_node_ptr pl##N[N] = {0};                 \
                                 std::copy(param_list,param_list + N,pl##N);         \
                                 lodge_symbol(operation_name,e_st_function);         \
                                 return expression_generator_(operation.type,pl##N); \
                              }                                                      \

                     base_opr_case(1)
                     base_opr_case(2)
                     base_opr_case(3)
                     base_opr_case(4)
                     #undef base_opr_case
                  }
               }
            }
         }

         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < MaxNumberofParameters; ++i)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,param_list[i]);
         }

         set_error(
            make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                       current_token(),
                       "ERR22 - Invalid number of parameters for call to function: '" + operation_name + "'"));

         return error_node();
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_conditional_statement_01(expression_node_ptr condition)
      {
         // Parse: [if][(][condition][,][consequent][,][alternative][)]

         expression_node_ptr consequent  = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr alternative = error_node();

         bool result = true;

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR23 - Expected ',' between if-statement condition and consequent"));
            result = false;
         }
         else if (0 == (consequent = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR24 - Failed to parse consequent for if-statement"));
            result = false;
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR25 - Expected ',' between if-statement consequent and alternative"));
            result = false;
         }
         else if (0 == (alternative = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR26 - Failed to parse alternative for if-statement"));
            result = false;
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR27 - Expected ')' at the end of if-statement"));
            result = false;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         if (result)
         {
            const bool consq_is_str = is_generally_string_node( consequent);
            const bool alter_is_str = is_generally_string_node(alternative);

            if (consq_is_str || alter_is_str)
            {
               if (consq_is_str && alter_is_str)
               {
                  return expression_generator_
                           .conditional_string(condition,consequent,alternative);
               }

               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR28 - Return types of ternary if-statement differ"));

               result = false;
            }
         }
         #endif

         if (!result)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,  condition);
            free_node(node_allocator_, consequent);
            free_node(node_allocator_,alternative);

            return error_node();
         }
         else
            return expression_generator_
                     .conditional(condition,consequent,alternative);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_conditional_statement_02(expression_node_ptr condition)
      {
         expression_node_ptr consequent  = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr alternative = error_node();

         bool result = true;

         if (token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false))
         {
            if (0 == (consequent = parse_multi_sequence("if-statement-01")))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR29 - Failed to parse body of consequent for if-statement"));
               result = false;
            }
         }
         else
         {
            if (
                 settings_.commutative_check_enabled() &&
                 token_is(token_t::e_mul,false)
               )
            {
               next_token();
            }

            if (0 != (consequent = parse_expression()))
            {
               if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR30 - Expected ';' at the end of the consequent for if-statement"));
                  result = false;
               }
            }
            else
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR31 - Failed to parse body of consequent for if-statement"));
               result = false;
            }
         }

         if (result)
         {
            if (details::imatch(current_token().value,"else"))
            {
               next_token();

               if (token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false))
               {
                  if (0 == (alternative = parse_multi_sequence("else-statement-01")))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR32 - Failed to parse body of the 'else' for if-statement"));
                     result = false;
                  }
               }
               else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,"if"))
               {
                  if (0 == (alternative = parse_conditional_statement()))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR33 - Failed to parse body of if-else statement"));
                     result = false;
                  }
               }
               else if (0 != (alternative = parse_expression()))
               {
                  if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR34 - Expected ';' at the end of the 'else-if' for the if-statement"));
                     result = false;
                  }
               }
               else
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR35 - Failed to parse body of the 'else' for if-statement"));
                  result = false;
               }
            }
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         if (result)
         {
            const bool consq_is_str = is_generally_string_node( consequent);
            const bool alter_is_str = is_generally_string_node(alternative);

            if (consq_is_str || alter_is_str)
            {
               if (consq_is_str && alter_is_str)
               {
                  return expression_generator_
                           .conditional_string(condition,consequent,alternative);
               }

               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR36 - Return types of ternary if-statement differ"));

               result = false;
            }
         }
         #endif

         if (!result)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,  condition);
            free_node(node_allocator_, consequent);
            free_node(node_allocator_,alternative);

            return error_node();
         }
         else
            return expression_generator_
                     .conditional(condition,consequent,alternative);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_conditional_statement()
      {
         expression_node_ptr condition = error_node();

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR37 - Expected '(' at start of if-statement, instead got: '" + current_token().value + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (0 == (condition = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR38 - Failed to parse condition for if-statement"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_comma,false))
         {
            // if (x,y,z)
            return parse_conditional_statement_01(condition);
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            // 00. if (x) y;
            // 01. if (x) y; else z;
            // 02. if (x) y; else {z0; ... zn;}
            // 03. if (x) y; else if (z) w;
            // 04. if (x) y; else if (z) w; else u;
            // 05. if (x) y; else if (z) w; else {u0; ... un;}
            // 06. if (x) y; else if (z) {w0; ... wn;}
            // 07. if (x) {y0; ... yn;}
            // 08. if (x) {y0; ... yn;} else z;
            // 09. if (x) {y0; ... yn;} else {z0; ... zn;};
            // 10. if (x) {y0; ... yn;} else if (z) w;
            // 11. if (x) {y0; ... yn;} else if (z) w; else u;
            // 12. if (x) {y0; ... nex;} else if (z) w; else {u0 ... un;}
            // 13. if (x) {y0; ... yn;} else if (z) {w0; ... wn;}
            return parse_conditional_statement_02(condition);
         }

         set_error(
            make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                       current_token(),
                       "ERR39 - Invalid if-statement"));

         free_node(node_allocator_,condition);

         return error_node();
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_ternary_conditional_statement(expression_node_ptr condition)
      {
         // Parse: [condition][?][consequent][:][alternative]
         expression_node_ptr consequent  = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr alternative = error_node();

         bool result = true;

         if (0 == condition)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR40 - Encountered invalid condition branch for ternary if-statement"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_ternary))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR41 - Expected '?' after condition of ternary if-statement"));

            result = false;
         }
         else if (0 == (consequent = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR42 - Failed to parse consequent for ternary if-statement"));

            result = false;
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_colon))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR43 - Expected ':' between ternary if-statement consequent and alternative"));

            result = false;
         }
         else if (0 == (alternative = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR44 - Failed to parse alternative for ternary if-statement"));

            result = false;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         if (result)
         {
            const bool consq_is_str = is_generally_string_node( consequent);
            const bool alter_is_str = is_generally_string_node(alternative);

            if (consq_is_str || alter_is_str)
            {
               if (consq_is_str && alter_is_str)
               {
                  return expression_generator_
                           .conditional_string(condition,consequent,alternative);
               }

               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR45 - Return types of ternary if-statement differ"));

               result = false;
            }
         }
         #endif

         if (!result)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,  condition);
            free_node(node_allocator_, consequent);
            free_node(node_allocator_,alternative);

            return error_node();
         }
         else
            return expression_generator_
                     .conditional(condition,consequent,alternative);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_while_loop()
      {
         // Parse: [while][(][test expr][)][{][expression][}]
         expression_node_ptr condition   = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr branch      = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr result_node = error_node();

         bool result = true;

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR46 - Expected '(' at start of while-loop condition statement"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (0 == (condition = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR47 - Failed to parse condition for while-loop"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR48 - Expected ')' at end of while-loop condition statement"));
            result = false;
         }

         brkcnt_list_.push_front(false);

         if (result)
         {
            if (0 == (branch = parse_multi_sequence("while-loop")))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR49 - Failed to parse body of while-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
            else if (0 == (result_node = expression_generator_.while_loop(condition,
                                                                          branch,
                                                                          brkcnt_list_.front())))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR50 - Failed to synthesize while-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
         }

         if (!result)
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,     branch);
            free_node(node_allocator_,  condition);
            free_node(node_allocator_,result_node);

            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

            return error_node();
         }
         else
            return result_node;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_repeat_until_loop()
      {
         // Parse: [repeat][{][expression][}][until][(][test expr][)]
         expression_node_ptr condition = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr branch    = error_node();
         next_token();

         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         std::vector<bool> side_effect_list;

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         brkcnt_list_.push_front(false);

         if (details::imatch(current_token().value,"until"))
         {
            next_token();
            branch = node_allocator_.allocate<details::null_node<T> >();
         }
         else
         {
            token_t::token_type seperator = token_t::e_eof;

            scope_handler sh(*this);

            scoped_bool_or_restorer sbr(state_.side_effect_present);

            for ( ; ; )
            {
               state_.side_effect_present = false;

               expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

               if (0 == arg)
                  return error_node();
               else
               {
                  arg_list.push_back(arg);
                  side_effect_list.push_back(state_.side_effect_present);
               }

               if (details::imatch(current_token().value,"until"))
               {
                  next_token();
                  break;
               }

               bool is_next_until = peek_token_is(token_t::e_symbol) &&
                                    peek_token_is("until");

               if (!token_is(seperator) && is_next_until)
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR51 - Expected '" + token_t::to_str(seperator) + "' in body of repeat until loop"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               if (details::imatch(current_token().value,"until"))
               {
                  next_token();
                  break;
               }
            }

            branch = simplify(arg_list,side_effect_list);

            if ((sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == branch)))
            {
               brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR52 - Failed to parse body of repeat until loop"));

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR53 - Expected '(' before condition statement of repeat until loop"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (0 == (condition = parse_expression()))
         {
            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR54 - Failed to parse condition for repeat until loop"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR55 - Expected ')' after condition of repeat until loop"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,    branch);
            free_node(node_allocator_, condition);

            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr result;

         result = expression_generator_
                     .repeat_until_loop(condition,branch,brkcnt_list_.front());

         if (0 == result)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR56 - Failed to synthesize repeat until loop"));

            free_node(node_allocator_, condition);
            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

            return error_node();
         }
         else
         {
            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();
            return result;
         }
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_for_loop()
      {
         expression_node_ptr initialiser = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr condition   = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr incrementor = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr loop_body   = error_node();

         scope_element* se = 0;
         bool result       = true;
         std::string loop_counter_symbol;

         next_token();

         scope_handler sh(*this);

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR57 - Expected '(' at start of for-loop"));

            return error_node();
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
         {
            if (
                 !token_is(token_t::e_symbol,false) &&
                 details::imatch(current_token().value,"var")
               )
            {
               next_token();

               if (!token_is(token_t::e_symbol,false))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR58 - Expected a variable at the start of initialiser section of for-loop"));

                  return error_node();
               }
               else if (!peek_token_is(token_t::e_assign))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR59 - Expected variable assignment of initialiser section of for-loop"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               loop_counter_symbol = current_token().value;

               se = &sem_.get_element(loop_counter_symbol);

               if ((se->name == loop_counter_symbol) && se->active)
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR60 - For-loop variable '" + loop_counter_symbol+ "' is being shadowed by a previous declaration"));

                  return error_node();
               }
               else if (!symtab_store_.is_variable(loop_counter_symbol))
               {
                  if (
                       !se->active &&
                       (se->name == loop_counter_symbol) &&
                       (se->type ==  scope_element::e_variable)
                     )
                  {
                     se->active = true;
                     se->ref_count++;
                  }
                  else
                  {
                     scope_element nse;
                     nse.name      = loop_counter_symbol;
                     nse.active    = true;
                     nse.ref_count = 1;
                     nse.type      = scope_element::e_variable;
                     nse.depth     = state_.scope_depth;
                     nse.data      = new T(T(0));
                     nse.var_node  = new variable_node_t(*(T*)(nse.data));

                     if (!sem_.add_element(nse))
                     {
                        set_error(
                           make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                      current_token(),
                                      "ERR61 - Failed to add new local variable '" + loop_counter_symbol + "' to SEM"));

                        sem_.free_element(nse);

                        result = false;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                        exprtk_debug(("parse_for_loop() - INFO - Added new local variable: %s\n",nse.name.c_str()));

                        state_.activate_side_effect("parse_for_loop()");
                     }
                  }
               }
            }

            if (0 == (initialiser = parse_expression()))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR62 - Failed to parse initialiser of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR63 - Expected ';' after initialiser of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
         {
            if (0 == (condition = parse_expression()))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR64 - Failed to parse condition of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR65 - Expected ';' after condition section of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            if (0 == (incrementor = parse_expression()))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR66 - Failed to parse incrementor of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR67 - Expected ')' after incrementor section of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
         }

         if (result)
         {
            brkcnt_list_.push_front(false);
            if (0 == (loop_body = parse_multi_sequence("for-loop")))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR68 - Failed to parse body of for-loop"));
               result = false;
            }
         }

         if (!result)
         {
            if (se)
            {
               se->ref_count--;
            }

            sem_.cleanup();

            free_node(node_allocator_,initialiser);
            free_node(node_allocator_,  condition);
            free_node(node_allocator_,incrementor);
            free_node(node_allocator_,  loop_body);

            if (!brkcnt_list_.empty())
            {
               brkcnt_list_.pop_front();
            }

            return error_node();
         }
         else
         {
            expression_node_ptr result_node =
                   expression_generator_.for_loop(initialiser,
                                                  condition,
                                                  incrementor,
                                                  loop_body,
                                                  brkcnt_list_.front());
            brkcnt_list_.pop_front();

            return result_node;
         }
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_switch_statement()
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         if (!details::imatch(current_token().value,"switch"))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR69 - Expected keyword 'switch'"));

            return error_node();
         }

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> svd(*this,arg_list);

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR70 - Expected '{' for call to switch statement"));

            return error_node();
         }

         for ( ; ; )
         {
            if (!details::imatch("case",current_token().value))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR71 - Expected either a 'case' or 'default' statement"));

               return error_node();
            }

            next_token();

            expression_node_ptr condition = parse_expression();

            if (0 == condition)
               return error_node();
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_colon))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR72 - Expected ':' for case of switch statement"));

               return error_node();
            }

            expression_node_ptr consequent = parse_expression();

            if (0 == consequent)
               return error_node();
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR73 - Expected ';' at end of case for switch statement"));

               return error_node();
            }

            // Can we optimize away the case statement?
            if (is_constant_node(condition) && is_false(condition))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_, condition);
               free_node(node_allocator_,consequent);

               condition  = 0;
               consequent = 0;
            }
            else
            {
               arg_list.push_back( condition);
               arg_list.push_back(consequent);
            }

            if (details::imatch("default",current_token().value))
            {
               next_token();
               if (!token_is(token_t::e_colon))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR74 - Expected ':' for default of switch statement"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               expression_node_ptr default_statement = error_node();

               if (token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false))
                  default_statement = parse_multi_sequence("switch-default");
               else
                  default_statement = parse_expression();

               if (0 == default_statement)
                  return error_node();
               else if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,default_statement);

                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR75 - Expected ';' at end of default for switch statement"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               arg_list.push_back(default_statement);
               break;
            }
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR76 - Expected '}' at end of switch statement"));

            return error_node();
         }

         result = expression_generator_.switch_statement(arg_list);

         svd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_multi_switch_statement()
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         if (!details::imatch(current_token().value,"[*]"))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR77 - Expected token '[*]'"));

            return error_node();
         }

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> svd(*this,arg_list);

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR78 - Expected '{' for call to [*] statement"));

            return error_node();
         }

         for ( ; ; )
         {
            if (!details::imatch("case",current_token().value))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR79 - Expected a 'case' statement for multi-switch"));

               return error_node();
            }

            next_token();

            expression_node_ptr condition = parse_expression();

            if (0 == condition)
               return error_node();

            if (!token_is(token_t::e_colon))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR80 - Expected ':' for case of [*] statement"));

               return error_node();
            }

            expression_node_ptr consequent = parse_expression();

            if (0 == consequent)
               return error_node();

            if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR81 - Expected ';' at end of case for [*] statement"));

               return error_node();
            }

            // Can we optimize away the case statement?
            if (is_constant_node(condition) && is_false(condition))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_, condition);
               free_node(node_allocator_,consequent);

               condition  = 0;
               consequent = 0;
            }
            else
            {
               arg_list.push_back(condition);
               arg_list.push_back(consequent);
            }

            if (token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket,false))
            {
               break;
            }
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR82 - Expected '}' at end of [*] statement"));

            return error_node();
         }

         result = expression_generator_.multi_switch_statement(arg_list);

         svd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_vararg_function()
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         details::operator_type opt_type = details::e_default;
         const std::string symbol = current_token().value;

         if (details::imatch(symbol,"~"))
         {
            next_token();
            return parse_multi_sequence();
         }
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"[*]"))
         {
            return parse_multi_switch_statement();
         }
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"avg" )) opt_type = details::e_avg;
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"mand")) opt_type = details::e_mand;
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"max" )) opt_type = details::e_max;
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"min" )) opt_type = details::e_min;
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"mor" )) opt_type = details::e_mor;
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"mul" )) opt_type = details::e_prod;
         else if (details::imatch(symbol,"sum" )) opt_type = details::e_sum;
         else
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR83 - Unsupported vararg function: " + symbol));

            return error_node();
         }

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_function);

         next_token();
         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR84 - Expected '(' for call to vararg function: " + symbol));

            return error_node();
         }

         for ( ; ; )
         {
            expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

            if (0 == arg)
               return error_node();
            else
               arg_list.push_back(arg);

            if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
               break;
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR85 - Expected ',' for call to vararg function: " + symbol));

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         result = expression_generator_.vararg_function(opt_type,arg_list);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);
         return result;
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline expression_node_ptr parse_string_range_statement(expression_node_ptr& expression)
      {
         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR86 - Expected '[' as start of string range definition"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,expression);

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {
            return node_allocator_.allocate<details::string_size_node<T> >(expression);
         }

         range_t rp;

         if (!parse_range(rp,true))
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,expression);

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr result = expression_generator_(expression,rp);

         if (0 == result)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR87 - Failed to generate string range node"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,expression);
         }

         rp.clear();

         return result;
      }
      #else
      inline expression_node_ptr parse_string_range_statement(expression_node_ptr&)
      {
         return error_node();
      }
      #endif

      inline void parse_pending_string_rangesize(expression_node_ptr& expression)
      {
         // Allow no more than 100 range calls, eg: s[][][]...[][]
         const std::size_t max_rangesize_parses = 100;

         std::size_t i = 0;

         while
            (
              (0 != expression)                      &&
              (i++ < max_rangesize_parses)           &&
              error_list_.empty()                    &&
              token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket,false) &&
              is_generally_string_node(expression)
            )
         {
            expression = parse_string_range_statement(expression);
         }
      }

      template <typename Allocator1,
                typename Allocator2,
                template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
      inline expression_node_ptr simplify(Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator1>& expression_list,
                                          Sequence<bool,Allocator2>& side_effect_list)
      {
         if (expression_list.empty())
            return error_node();
         else if (1 == expression_list.size())
            return expression_list[0];

         Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator1> tmp_expression_list;

         bool return_node_present = false;

         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (expression_list.size() - 1); ++i)
         {
            if (is_variable_node(expression_list[i]))
               continue;
            else if (
                      is_return_node  (expression_list[i]) ||
                      is_break_node   (expression_list[i]) ||
                      is_continue_node(expression_list[i])
                    )
            {
               tmp_expression_list.push_back(expression_list[i]);

               // Remove all subexpressions after first short-circuit
               // node has been encountered.

               for (std::size_t j = i + 1; j < expression_list.size(); ++j)
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,expression_list[j]);
               }

               return_node_present = true;

               break;
            }
            else if (
                      is_constant_node(expression_list[i]) ||
                      is_null_node    (expression_list[i]) ||
                      !side_effect_list[i]
                    )
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,expression_list[i]);
               continue;
            }
            else
               tmp_expression_list.push_back(expression_list[i]);
         }

         if (!return_node_present)
         {
            tmp_expression_list.push_back(expression_list.back());
         }

         expression_list.swap(tmp_expression_list);

         if (tmp_expression_list.size() > expression_list.size())
         {
            exprtk_debug(("simplify() - Reduced subexpressions from %d to %d\n",
                          static_cast<int>(tmp_expression_list.size()),
                          static_cast<int>(expression_list    .size())));
         }

         if (
              return_node_present          ||
              side_effect_list.back()      ||
              (expression_list.size() > 1)
            )
            state_.activate_side_effect("simplify()");

         if (1 == expression_list.size())
            return expression_list[0];
         else
            return expression_generator_.vararg_function(details::e_multi,expression_list);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_multi_sequence(const std::string& source = "")
      {
         token_t::token_type close_bracket = token_t::e_rcrlbracket;
         token_t::token_type seperator     = token_t::e_eof;

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket))
         {
            if (token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
            {
               close_bracket = token_t::e_rbracket;
               seperator     = token_t::e_comma;
            }
            else
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR88 - Expected '" + token_t::to_str(close_bracket) + "' for call to multi-sequence" +
                             ((!source.empty()) ? std::string(" section of " + source): "")));

               return error_node();
            }
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
         {
            return node_allocator_.allocate<details::null_node<T> >();
         }

         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         std::vector<bool> side_effect_list;

         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         scope_handler sh(*this);

         scoped_bool_or_restorer sbr(state_.side_effect_present);

         for ( ; ; )
         {
            state_.side_effect_present = false;

            expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

            if (0 == arg)
               return error_node();
            else
            {
               arg_list.push_back(arg);
               side_effect_list.push_back(state_.side_effect_present);
            }

            if (token_is(close_bracket))
               break;

            bool is_next_close = peek_token_is(close_bracket);

            if (!token_is(seperator) && is_next_close)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR89 - Expected '" + details::to_str(seperator) + "' for call to multi-sequence section of " + source));

               return error_node();
            }

            if (token_is(close_bracket))
               break;
         }

         result = simplify(arg_list,side_effect_list);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);
         return result;
      }

      inline bool parse_range(range_t& rp, const bool skip_lsqr = false)
      {
         // Examples of valid ranges:
         // 1. [1:5]     -> 1..5
         // 2. [ :5]     -> 0..5
         // 3. [1: ]     -> 1..end
         // 4. [x:y]     -> x..y where x <= y
         // 5. [x+1:y/2] -> x+1..y/2 where x+1 <= y/2
         // 6. [ :y]     -> 0..y where 0 <= y
         // 7. [x: ]     -> x..end where x <= end

         rp.clear();

         if (!skip_lsqr && !token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR90 - Expected '[' for start of range"));

            return false;
         }

         if (token_is(token_t::e_colon))
         {
            rp.n0_c.first  = true;
            rp.n0_c.second = 0;
            rp.cache.first = 0;
         }
         else
         {
            expression_node_ptr r0 = parse_expression();

            if (0 == r0)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR91 - Failed parse begin section of range"));

               return false;

            }
            else if (is_constant_node(r0))
            {
               T r0_value = r0->value();

               if (r0_value >= T(0))
               {
                  rp.n0_c.first  = true;
                  rp.n0_c.second = static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(r0_value));
                  rp.cache.first = rp.n0_c.second;
               }

               free_node(node_allocator_,r0);

               if (r0_value < T(0))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR92 - Range lower bound less than zero! Constraint: r0 >= 0"));

                  return false;
               }
            }
            else
            {
               rp.n0_e.first  = true;
               rp.n0_e.second = r0;
            }

            if (!token_is(token_t::e_colon))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR93 - Expected ':' for break  in range"));

               rp.free();
               return false;
            }
         }

         if (token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {
            rp.n1_c.first  = true;
            rp.n1_c.second = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
         }
         else
         {
            expression_node_ptr r1 = parse_expression();

            if (0 == r1)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR94 - Failed parse end section of range"));

               rp.free();
               return false;

            }
            else if (is_constant_node(r1))
            {
               T r1_value = r1->value();

               if (r1_value >= T(0))
               {
                  rp.n1_c.first   = true;
                  rp.n1_c.second  = static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(r1_value));
                  rp.cache.second = rp.n1_c.second;
               }

               free_node(node_allocator_,r1);

               if (r1_value < T(0))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR95 - Range upper bound less than zero! Constraint: r1 >= 0"));

                  return false;
               }
            }
            else
            {
               rp.n1_e.first  = true;
               rp.n1_e.second = r1;
            }

            if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR96 - Expected ']' for start of range"));

               rp.free();
               return false;
            }
         }

         if (rp.const_range())
         {
            std::size_t r0 = 0;
            std::size_t r1 = 0;

            bool rp_result = rp(r0,r1);

            if (!rp_result || (r0 > r1))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR97 - Invalid range, Constraint: r0 <= r1"));

               return false;
            }
         }

         return true;
      }

      inline void lodge_symbol(const std::string& symbol,
                               const symbol_type st)
      {
         dec_.add_symbol(symbol,st);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_string()
      {
         const std::string symbol = current_token().value;

         if (!symtab_store_.is_conststr_stringvar(symbol))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR98 - Unknown string symbol"));

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr result = symtab_store_.get_stringvar(symbol);

         typedef details::stringvar_node<T>* strvar_node_t;
         strvar_node_t const_str_node = static_cast<strvar_node_t>(0);

         const bool is_const_string = symtab_store_.is_constant_string(symbol);

         if (is_const_string)
         {
            const_str_node = static_cast<strvar_node_t>(result);
            result = expression_generator_(const_str_node->str());
         }

         lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_string);

         if (peek_token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            next_token();

            if (peek_token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
            {
               next_token();
               next_token();

               if (const_str_node)
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,result);

                  return expression_generator_(T(const_str_node->size()));
               }
               else
                  return node_allocator_.allocate<details::stringvar_size_node<T> >
                            (static_cast<details::stringvar_node<T>*>(result)->ref());
            }

            range_t rp;

            if (!parse_range(rp))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,result);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (const_str_node)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,result);
               result = expression_generator_(const_str_node->ref(),rp);
            }
            else
               result = expression_generator_(static_cast<details::stringvar_node<T>*>(result)->ref(),rp);

            if (result)
               rp.clear();
         }
         else
            next_token();

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_const_string()
      {
         const std::string const_str = current_token().value;
         expression_node_ptr result = expression_generator_(const_str);

         if (peek_token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            next_token();

            if (peek_token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
            {
               next_token();
               next_token();

               free_node(node_allocator_,result);

               return expression_generator_(T(const_str.size()));
            }

            range_t rp;

            if (!parse_range(rp))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,result);

               return error_node();
            }

            free_node(node_allocator_,result);

            if (rp.n1_c.first && (rp.n1_c.second == std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max()))
            {
               rp.n1_c.second  = const_str.size() - 1;
               rp.cache.second = rp.n1_c.second;
            }

            if (
                 (rp.n0_c.first && (rp.n0_c.second >= const_str.size())) ||
                 (rp.n1_c.first && (rp.n1_c.second >= const_str.size()))
               )
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR99 - Overflow in range for string: '" + const_str + "'[" +
                             (rp.n0_c.first ? details::to_str(rp.n0_c.second) : "?") + ":" +
                             (rp.n1_c.first ? details::to_str(rp.n1_c.second) : "?") + "]"));

               return error_node();
            }

            result = expression_generator_(const_str,rp);

            if (result)
               rp.clear();
         }
         else
            next_token();

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_vector()
      {
         const std::string symbol = current_token().value;

         vector_holder_ptr vec = vector_holder_ptr(0);

         const scope_element& se = sem_.get_active_element(symbol);

         if (
              (se.name != symbol)             ||
              (se.depth > state_.scope_depth) ||
              (scope_element::e_vector != se.type)
            )
         {
            if (0 == (vec = symtab_store_.get_vector(symbol)))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR100 - Symbol '" + symbol+ " not a vector"));

               return error_node();
            }
         }
         else
            vec = se.vec_node;

         expression_node_ptr index_expr = error_node();

         next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            return node_allocator_.allocate<vector_node_t>(vec);
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {
            return expression_generator_(T(vec->size()));
         }
         else if (0 == (index_expr = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR101 - Failed to parse index for vector: '" + symbol + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR102 - Expected ']' for index of vector: '" + symbol + "'"));

            free_node(node_allocator_,index_expr);

            return error_node();
         }

         return expression_generator_.vector_element(symbol,vec,index_expr);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_vararg_function_call(ivararg_function<T>* vararg_function, const std::string& vararg_function_name)
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;
         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         next_token();

         if (token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
            {
               if (!vararg_function->allow_zero_parameters())
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR103 - Zero parameter call to vararg function: "
                                + vararg_function_name + " not allowed"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
            else
            {
               for ( ; ; )
               {
                  expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

                  if (0 == arg)
                     return error_node();
                  else
                     arg_list.push_back(arg);

                  if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
                     break;
                  else if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR104 - Expected ',' for call to vararg function: "
                                   + vararg_function_name));

                     return error_node();
                  }
               }
            }
         }
         else if (!vararg_function->allow_zero_parameters())
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR105 - Zero parameter call to vararg function: "
                          + vararg_function_name + " not allowed"));

            return error_node();
         }

         result = expression_generator_.vararg_function_call(vararg_function,arg_list);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      class type_checker
      {
      public:

         typedef parser<T> parser_t;
         typedef std::vector<std::string> param_seq_list_t;

         type_checker(parser_t& p,
                      const std::string& func_name,
                      const std::string& param_seq)
         : invalid_state_(true),
           parser_(p),
           function_name_(func_name)
         {
            split(param_seq);
         }

         bool verify(const std::string& param_seq, std::size_t& pseq_index)
         {
            if (param_seq_list_.empty())
               return true;

            std::vector<std::pair<std::size_t,char> > error_list;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < param_seq_list_.size(); ++i)
            {
               std::size_t diff_index = 0;
               char        diff_value = 0;

               bool result = details::sequence_match(param_seq_list_[i],
                                                     param_seq,
                                                     diff_index,diff_value);

              if (result)
              {
                 pseq_index = i;
                 return true;
              }
              else
                 error_list.push_back(std::make_pair(diff_index,diff_value));
            }

            if (1 == error_list.size())
            {
               parser_.
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                parser_.current_token(),
                                "ERR106 - Failed parameter type check for function '" + function_name_ + "', "
                                "Expected '" + param_seq_list_[0] + "'  call set: '" + param_seq +"'"));
            }
            else
            {
               // find first with largest diff_index;
               std::size_t max_diff_index = 0;

               for (std::size_t i = 1; i < error_list.size(); ++i)
               {
                  if (error_list[i].first > error_list[max_diff_index].first)
                  {
                     max_diff_index = i;
                  }
               }

               parser_.
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                parser_.current_token(),
                                "ERR107 - Failed parameter type check for function '" + function_name_ + "', "
                                "Best match: '" + param_seq_list_[max_diff_index] + "'  call set: '" + param_seq +"'"));
            }

            return false;
         }

         std::size_t paramseq_count() const
         {
            return param_seq_list_.size();
         }

         std::string paramseq(const std::size_t& index) const
         {
            return param_seq_list_[index];
         }

         bool invalid() const
         {
            return !invalid_state_;
         }

      private:

         void split(const std::string& s)
         {
            if (s.empty())
               return;

            std::size_t start = 0;
            std::size_t end   = 0;

            param_seq_list_t param_seq_list;

            struct token_validator
            {
               static inline bool process(const std::string& str,
                                          std::size_t s, std::size_t e,
                                          param_seq_list_t& psl)
               {
                  if (
                       (e - s) &&
                       (std::string::npos == str.find("?*")) &&
                       (std::string::npos == str.find("**"))
                     )
                  {
                     const std::string curr_str = str.substr(s,e - s);

                     if (std::string::npos == curr_str.find_first_not_of("STV*?|"))
                     {
                        psl.push_back(curr_str);
                        return true;
                     }
                  }

                  return false;
               }
            };

            while (std::string::npos != (end = s.find('|',start)))
            {
               if (!token_validator::process(s,start,end,param_seq_list))
               {
                  invalid_state_ = false;

                  const std::string err_param_seq =  s.substr(start,end - start);

                  parser_.
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   parser_.current_token(),
                                   "ERR108 - Invalid parameter sequence of '" + err_param_seq +
                                   "'  for function: " + function_name_));

                  return;
               }
               else
                  start = end + 1;
            }

            if (start < s.size())
            {
               if (token_validator::process(s,start,s.size(),param_seq_list))
                  param_seq_list_ = param_seq_list;
               else
               {
                  const std::string err_param_seq =  s.substr(start,s.size() - start);

                  parser_.
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   parser_.current_token(),
                                   "ERR109 - Invalid parameter sequence of '" + err_param_seq +
                                   "'  for function: " + function_name_));
                  return;
               }
            }
         }

         type_checker(const type_checker&);
         type_checker& operator=(const type_checker&);

         bool invalid_state_;
         parser_t& parser_;
         std::string function_name_;
         param_seq_list_t param_seq_list_;
      };

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_generic_function_call(igeneric_function<T>* function, const std::string& function_name)
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         next_token();

         std::string param_type_list;

         type_checker tc(*this,function_name,function->parameter_sequence);

         if (tc.invalid())
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR110 - Type checker instantiation failure for generic function: " + function_name));

            return error_node();
         }

         if (token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
            {
               if (!function->allow_zero_parameters())
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR111 - Zero parameter call to generic function: "
                                + function_name + " not allowed"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
            else
            {
               for ( ; ; )
               {
                  expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

                  if (0 == arg)
                     return error_node();

                  if (is_ivector_node(arg))
                     param_type_list += 'V';
                  else if (is_generally_string_node(arg))
                     param_type_list += 'S';
                  else // Everything else is assumed to be a scalar returning expression
                     param_type_list += 'T';

                  arg_list.push_back(arg);

                  if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
                     break;
                  else if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR112 - Expected ',' for call to generic function: " + function_name));

                     return error_node();
                  }
               }
            }
         }
         else if (!function->allow_zero_parameters())
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR113 - Zero parameter call to generic function: "
                          + function_name + " not allowed"));

            return error_node();
         }

         std::size_t param_seq_index = 0;

         if (!tc.verify(param_type_list, param_seq_index))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR114 - Expected ',' for call to generic function: " + function_name));

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         if (tc.paramseq_count() <= 1)
            result = expression_generator_
                       .generic_function_call(function,arg_list);
         else
            result = expression_generator_
                       .generic_function_call(function,arg_list,param_seq_index);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_string_function_call(igeneric_function<T>* function, const std::string& function_name)
      {
         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         next_token();

         std::string param_type_list;

         type_checker tc(*this,function_name,function->parameter_sequence);

         if (
              (!function->parameter_sequence.empty()) &&
              (0 == tc.paramseq_count())
            )
         {
            return error_node();
         }

         if (token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
            {
               for ( ; ; )
               {
                  expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

                  if (0 == arg)
                     return error_node();

                  if (is_ivector_node(arg))
                     param_type_list += 'V';
                  else if (is_generally_string_node(arg))
                     param_type_list += 'S';
                  else // Everything else is a scalar returning expression
                     param_type_list += 'T';

                  arg_list.push_back(arg);

                  if (token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
                     break;
                  else if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR115 - Expected ',' for call to string function: " + function_name));

                     return error_node();
                  }
               }
            }
         }

         std::size_t param_seq_index = 0;

         if (!tc.verify(param_type_list, param_seq_index))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR116 - Expected ',' for call to string function: " + function_name));

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         if (tc.paramseq_count() <= 1)
            result = expression_generator_
                       .string_function_call(function,arg_list);
         else
            result = expression_generator_
                       .string_function_call(function,arg_list,param_seq_index);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      template <typename Type, std::size_t NumberOfParameters>
      struct parse_special_function_impl
      {
         static inline expression_node_ptr process(parser<Type>& p,const details::operator_type opt_type)
         {
            expression_node_ptr branch[NumberOfParameters];
            expression_node_ptr result  = error_node();
            std::fill_n(branch,NumberOfParameters,reinterpret_cast<expression_node_ptr>(0));
            scoped_delete<expression_node_t,NumberOfParameters> sd(p,branch);

            p.next_token();

            if (!p.token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
            {
               p.set_error(
                    make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                               p.current_token(),
                               "ERR117 - Expected '(' for special function"));

               return error_node();
            }

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < NumberOfParameters; ++i)
            {
               branch[i] = p.parse_expression();

               if (0 == branch[i])
               {
                  return p.error_node();
               }
               else if (i < (NumberOfParameters - 1))
               {
                  if (!p.token_is(token_t::e_comma))
                  {
                     p.set_error(
                          make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                     p.current_token(),
                                     "ERR118 - Expected ',' before next parameter of special function"));

                     return p.error_node();
                  }
               }
            }

            if (!p.token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
               return p.error_node();
            else
               result = p.expression_generator_.special_function(opt_type,branch);

            sd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

            return result;
         }
      };

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_special_function()
      {
         // Expect: $fDD(expr0,expr1,expr2) or $fDD(expr0,expr1,expr2,expr3)
         if (
              !details::is_digit(current_token().value[2]) ||
              !details::is_digit(current_token().value[3])
            )
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_token,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR119 - Invalid special function[1]: " + current_token().value));

            return error_node();
         }

         const unsigned int id = (current_token().value[2] - '0') * 10 + (current_token().value[3] - '0');

         if (id >= details::e_sffinal)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_token,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR120 - Invalid special function[2]: " + current_token().value));

            return error_node();
         }

         const std::size_t sf_3_to_4 = details::e_sf48;
         const details::operator_type opt_type = details::operator_type(id + 1000);
         const std::size_t NumberOfParameters = (id < (sf_3_to_4 - 1000)) ? 3 : 4;

         switch (NumberOfParameters)
         {
            case 3  : return parse_special_function_impl<T,3>::process(*this,opt_type);
            case 4  : return parse_special_function_impl<T,4>::process(*this,opt_type);
            default : return error_node();
         }
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_null_statement()
      {
         next_token();
         return node_allocator_.allocate<details::null_node<T> >();
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
      inline expression_node_ptr parse_break_statement()
      {
         if (state_.parsing_break_stmt)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR121 - Break call within a break call is not allowed"));

            return error_node();
         }

         scoped_bool_negator sbn(state_.parsing_break_stmt);

         if (!brkcnt_list_.empty())
         {
            next_token();

            brkcnt_list_.front() = true;

            expression_node_ptr return_expr = error_node();

            if (token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
            {
               if (0 == (return_expr = parse_expression()))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR122 - Failed to parse return expression for 'break' statement"));

                  return error_node();
               }
               else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR123 - Expected ']' at the completion of break's return expression"));

                  free_node(node_allocator_,return_expr);

                  return error_node();
               }
            }

            state_.activate_side_effect("parse_break_statement()");

            return node_allocator_.allocate<details::break_node<T> >(return_expr);
         }
         else
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR124 - Invalid use of 'break', allowed only in the scope of a loop"));
         }

         return error_node();
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_continue_statement()
      {
         if (!brkcnt_list_.empty())
         {
            next_token();

            brkcnt_list_.front() = true;
            state_.activate_side_effect("parse_continue_statement()");

            return node_allocator_.allocate<details::continue_node<T> >();
         }
         else
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR125 - Invalid use of 'continue', allowed only in the scope of a loop"));

            return error_node();
         }
      }
      #endif

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_define_vector_statement(const std::string& vec_name)
      {
         expression_node_ptr size_expr = error_node();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR126 - Expected '[' as part of vector size definition"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (0 == (size_expr = parse_expression()))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR127 - Failed to determine size of vector '" + vec_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!is_constant_node(size_expr))
         {
            free_node(node_allocator_,size_expr);

            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR128 - Expected a literal number as size of vector '" + vec_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }

         T vector_size = size_expr->value();

         free_node(node_allocator_,size_expr);

         if (
              (vector_size <= T(0)) ||
              std::not_equal_to<T>()
              (T(0),vector_size - details::numeric::trunc(vector_size))
            )
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR129 - Invalid vector size. Must be an integer greater than zero, size: " +
                          details::to_str(details::numeric::to_int32(vector_size))));

            return error_node();
         }

         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> vec_initilizer_list;

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> svd(*this,vec_initilizer_list);

         bool single_value_initialiser = false;

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR130 - Expected ']' as part of vector size definition"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
         {
            if (!token_is(token_t::e_assign))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR131 - Expected ':=' as part of vector definition"));

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
            {
               expression_node_ptr initialiser = parse_expression();

               if (0 == initialiser)
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR132 - Failed to parse single vector initialiser"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               vec_initilizer_list.push_back(initialiser);

               if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR133 - Expected ']' to close single value vector initialiser"));

                  return error_node();
               }

               single_value_initialiser = true;
            }
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR134 - Expected '{' as part of vector initialiser list"));

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
            {
               for ( ; ; )
               {
                  expression_node_ptr initialiser = parse_expression();

                  if (0 == initialiser)
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR135 - Expected '{' as part of vector initialiser list"));

                     return error_node();
                  }
                  else
                     vec_initilizer_list.push_back(initialiser);

                  if (token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
                     break;

                  bool is_next_close = peek_token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket);

                  if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma) && is_next_close)
                  {
                     set_error(
                        make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                   current_token(),
                                   "ERR136 - Expected ',' between vector initialisers"));

                     return error_node();
                  }

                  if (token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
                     break;
               }
            }

            if (
                 !token_is(token_t::e_rbracket   ,false) &&
                 !token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket,false) &&
                 !token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket,false)
               )
            {
               if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR137 - Expected ';' at end of vector definition"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }

            if (vec_initilizer_list.size() > vector_size)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR138 - Initialiser list larger than the number of elements in the vector: '" + vec_name + "'"));

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         typename symbol_table_t::vector_holder_ptr vec_holder = typename symbol_table_t::vector_holder_ptr(0);

         std::size_t vec_size = static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int32(vector_size));

         scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(vec_name);

         if (se.name == vec_name)
         {
            if (se.active)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR139 - Illegal redefinition of local vector: '" + vec_name + "'"));

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (
                      (se.size == vec_size) &&
                      (scope_element::e_vector == se.type)
                    )
            {
               vec_holder = se.vec_node;
               se.active  = true;
               se.depth   = state_.scope_depth;
               se.ref_count++;
            }
         }

         if (0 == vec_holder)
         {
            scope_element nse;
            nse.name      = vec_name;
            nse.active    = true;
            nse.ref_count = 1;
            nse.type      = scope_element::e_vector;
            nse.depth     = state_.scope_depth;
            nse.size      = vec_size;
            nse.data      = new T[vec_size];
            nse.vec_node  = new typename scope_element::vector_holder_t((T*)(nse.data),nse.size);

            if (!sem_.add_element(nse))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR140 - Failed to add new local vector '" + vec_name + "' to SEM"));

               sem_.free_element(nse);

               return error_node();
            }

            vec_holder = nse.vec_node;

            exprtk_debug(("parse_define_vector_statement() - INFO - Added new local vector: %s[%d]\n",
                          nse.name.c_str(),
                          static_cast<int>(nse.size)));
         }

         state_.activate_side_effect("parse_define_vector_statement()");

         lodge_symbol(vec_name,e_st_local_vector);

         expression_node_ptr result =
                node_allocator_
                   .allocate<details::vector_assignment_node<T> >(
                      (*vec_holder)[0],
                      vec_size,
                      vec_initilizer_list,
                      single_value_initialiser);

         svd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         return result;
      }

      #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
      inline expression_node_ptr parse_define_string_statement(const std::string& str_name, expression_node_ptr initialisation_expression)
      {
         stringvar_node_t* str_node = reinterpret_cast<stringvar_node_t*>(0);

         scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(str_name);

         if (se.name == str_name)
         {
            if (se.active)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR141 - Illegal redefinition of local variable: '" + str_name + "'"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,initialisation_expression);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if ((scope_element::e_string == se.type))
            {
               str_node  = se.str_node;
               se.active = true;
               se.depth  = state_.scope_depth;
               se.ref_count++;
            }
         }

         if (0 == str_node)
         {
            scope_element nse;
            nse.name      = str_name;
            nse.active    = true;
            nse.ref_count = 1;
            nse.type      = scope_element::e_string;
            nse.depth     = state_.scope_depth;
            nse.data      = new std::string;
            nse.str_node  = new stringvar_node_t(*(std::string*)(nse.data));

            if (!sem_.add_element(nse))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR142 - Failed to add new local string variable '" + str_name + "' to SEM"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,initialisation_expression);

               sem_.free_element(nse);

               return error_node();
            }

            str_node = nse.str_node;

            exprtk_debug(("parse_define_string_statement() - INFO - Added new local string variable: %s\n",nse.name.c_str()));
         }

         lodge_symbol(str_name,e_st_local_string);

         state_.activate_side_effect("parse_define_string_statement()");

         expression_node_ptr branch[2] = {0};

         branch[0] = str_node;
         branch[1] = initialisation_expression;

         return expression_generator_(details::e_assign,branch);
      }
      #else
      inline expression_node_ptr parse_define_string_statement(const std::string&, expression_node_ptr)
      {
         return error_node();
      }
      #endif

      inline bool local_variable_is_shadowed(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         const scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(symbol);
         return (se.name == symbol) && se.active;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_define_var_statement()
      {
         if (settings_.vardef_disabled())
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR143 - Illegal variable definition"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!details::imatch(current_token().value,"var"))
         {
            return error_node();
         }
         else
            next_token();

         const std::string var_name = current_token().value;

         expression_node_ptr initialisation_expression = error_node();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_symbol))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR144 - Expected a symbol for variable definition"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (details::is_reserved_symbol(var_name))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR145 - Illegal redefinition of reserved keyword: '" + var_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (symtab_store_.symbol_exists(var_name))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR146 - Illegal redefinition of variable '" + var_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (local_variable_is_shadowed(var_name))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR147 - Illegal redefinition of local variable: '" + var_name + "'"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket,false))
         {
            return parse_define_vector_statement(var_name);
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false))
         {
            return parse_uninitialised_var_statement(var_name);
         }
         else if (token_is(token_t::e_assign))
         {
            if (0 == (initialisation_expression = parse_expression()))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR148 - Failed to parse initialisation expression"));

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         if (
              !token_is(token_t::e_rbracket   ,false) &&
              !token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket,false) &&
              !token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket,false)
            )
         {
            if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof,false))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR149 - Expected ';' after variable definition"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,initialisation_expression);

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         if (
              (0 != initialisation_expression) &&
              details::is_generally_string_node(initialisation_expression)
            )
         {
            return parse_define_string_statement(var_name,initialisation_expression);
         }

         variable_node_t* var_node = reinterpret_cast<variable_node_t*>(0);

         scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(var_name);

         if (se.name == var_name)
         {
            if (se.active)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR150 - Illegal redefinition of local variable: '" + var_name + "'"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,initialisation_expression);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if ((scope_element::e_variable == se.type))
            {
               var_node  = se.var_node;
               se.active = true;
               se.depth  = state_.scope_depth;
               se.ref_count++;
            }
         }

         if (0 == var_node)
         {
            scope_element nse;
            nse.name      = var_name;
            nse.active    = true;
            nse.ref_count = 1;
            nse.type      = scope_element::e_variable;
            nse.depth     = state_.scope_depth;
            nse.data      = new T(T(0));
            nse.var_node  = new variable_node_t(*(T*)(nse.data));

            if (!sem_.add_element(nse))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR151 - Failed to add new local variable '" + var_name + "' to SEM"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,initialisation_expression);

               sem_.free_element(nse);

               return error_node();
            }

            var_node = nse.var_node;

            exprtk_debug(("parse_define_var_statement() - INFO - Added new local variable: %s\n",nse.name.c_str()));
         }

         state_.activate_side_effect("parse_define_var_statement()");

         lodge_symbol(var_name,e_st_local_variable);

         expression_node_ptr branch[2] = {0};

         branch[0] = var_node;
         branch[1] = initialisation_expression ? initialisation_expression : expression_generator_(T(0));

         return expression_generator_(details::e_assign,branch);
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_uninitialised_var_statement(const std::string& var_name)
      {
         if (
              !token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket) ||
              !token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket)
            )
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR152 - Expected a '{}' for uninitialised var definition"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_eof,false))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR153 - Expected ';' after uninitialised variable definition"));

            return error_node();
         }

         variable_node_t* var_node = reinterpret_cast<variable_node_t*>(0);

         scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(var_name);

         if (se.name == var_name)
         {
            if (se.active)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR154 - Illegal redefinition of local variable: '" + var_name + "'"));

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (scope_element::e_variable == se.type)
            {
               var_node  = se.var_node;
               se.active = true;
               se.ref_count++;
            }
         }

         if (0 == var_node)
         {
            scope_element nse;
            nse.name      = var_name;
            nse.active    = true;
            nse.ref_count = 1;
            nse.type      = scope_element::e_variable;
            nse.depth     = state_.scope_depth;
            nse.ip_index  = sem_.next_ip_index();
            nse.data      = new T(T(0));
            nse.var_node  = new variable_node_t(*(T*)(nse.data));

            if (!sem_.add_element(nse))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR155 - Failed to add new local variable '" + var_name + "' to SEM"));

               sem_.free_element(nse);

               return error_node();
            }

            exprtk_debug(("parse_uninitialised_var_statement() - INFO - Added new local variable: %s\n",
                          nse.name.c_str()));
         }

         lodge_symbol(var_name,e_st_local_variable);

         state_.activate_side_effect("parse_uninitialised_var_statement()");

         return expression_generator_(T(0));
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_swap_statement()
      {
         if (!details::imatch(current_token().value,"swap"))
         {
            return error_node();
         }
         else
            next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR156 - Expected '(' at start of swap statement"));

            return error_node();
         }

         expression_node_ptr variable0 = error_node();
         expression_node_ptr variable1 = error_node();

         bool variable0_generated = false;
         bool variable1_generated = false;

         const std::string var0_name = current_token().value;

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_symbol,false))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR157 - Expected a symbol for variable or vector element definition"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (peek_token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            if (0 == (variable0 = parse_vector()))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR158 - First parameter to swap is an invalid vector element: '" + var0_name + "'"));

               return error_node();
            }

            variable0_generated = true;
         }
         else
         {
            if (symtab_store_.is_variable(var0_name))
            {
               variable0 = symtab_store_.get_variable(var0_name);
            }

            scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(var0_name);

            if (
                 (se.active)            &&
                 (se.name == var0_name) &&
                 (scope_element::e_variable == se.type)
               )
            {
               variable0 = se.var_node;
            }

            lodge_symbol(var0_name,e_st_variable);

            if (0 == variable0)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR159 - First parameter to swap is an invalid variable: '" + var0_name + "'"));

               return error_node();
            }
            else
               next_token();
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
         {
            set_error(
                make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                           current_token(),
                           "ERR160 - Expected ',' between parameters to swap"));

            if (variable0_generated)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,variable0);
            }

            return error_node();
         }

         const std::string var1_name = current_token().value;

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_symbol,false))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR161 - Expected a symbol for variable or vector element definition"));

            if (variable0_generated)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,variable0);
            }

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (peek_token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            if (0 == (variable1 = parse_vector()))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR162 - Second parameter to swap is an invalid vector element: '" + var1_name + "'"));

               if (variable0_generated)
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,variable0);
               }

               return error_node();
            }

            variable1_generated = true;
         }
         else
         {
            if (symtab_store_.is_variable(var1_name))
            {
               variable1 = symtab_store_.get_variable(var1_name);
            }

            scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(var1_name);

            if (
                 (se.active) &&
                 (se.name == var1_name) &&
                 (scope_element::e_variable == se.type)
               )
            {
               variable1 = se.var_node;
            }

            lodge_symbol(var1_name,e_st_variable);

            if (0 == variable1)
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR163 - Second parameter to swap is an invalid variable: '" + var1_name + "'"));

               if (variable0_generated)
               {
                  free_node(node_allocator_,variable0);
               }

               return error_node();
            }
            else
               next_token();
         }

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR164 - Expected ')' at end of swap statement"));

            if (variable0_generated)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,variable0);
            }

            if (variable1_generated)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,variable1);
            }

            return error_node();
         }

         typedef details::variable_node<T>* variable_node_ptr;
         variable_node_ptr v0 = variable_node_ptr(0);
         variable_node_ptr v1 = variable_node_ptr(0);

         expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

         if (
              (0 != (v0 = dynamic_cast<variable_node_ptr>(variable0))) &&
              (0 != (v1 = dynamic_cast<variable_node_ptr>(variable1)))
            )
         {
            result = node_allocator_.allocate<details::swap_node<T> >(v0,v1);

            if (variable0_generated)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,variable0);
            }

            if (variable1_generated)
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,variable1);
            }
         }
         else
            result = node_allocator_.allocate<details::swap_generic_node<T> >(variable0,variable1);

         state_.activate_side_effect("parse_swap_statement()");

         return result;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_return_statement()
      {
         if (state_.parsing_return_stmt)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR165 - Return call within a return call is not allowed"));

            return error_node();
         }

         scoped_bool_negator sbn(state_.parsing_return_stmt);

         std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list;

         scoped_vec_delete<expression_node_t> sdd(*this,arg_list);

         if (!details::imatch(current_token().value,"return"))
         {
            return error_node();
         }
         else
            next_token();

         if (!token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket))
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR166 - Expected '[' at start of return statement"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {

            for ( ; ; )
            {
               expression_node_ptr arg = parse_expression();

               if (0 == arg)
                  return error_node();

               arg_list.push_back(arg);

               if (token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
                  break;
               else if (!token_is(token_t::e_comma))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR167 - Expected ',' between values during call to return"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         lexer::token prev_token = current_token();

         if (token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
         {
            if (!arg_list.empty())
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             prev_token,
                             "ERR168 - Invalid ']' found during return call"));

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         expression_node_ptr result = expression_generator_.return_call(arg_list);

         sdd.delete_ptr = (0 == result);

         state_.return_stmt_present = true;

         state_.activate_side_effect("parse_return_statement()");

         return result;
      }

      inline bool post_variable_process(const std::string& symbol)
      {
         if (
              peek_token_is(token_t::e_lbracket   ) ||
              peek_token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket) ||
              peek_token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket)
            )
         {
            if (!settings_.commutative_check_enabled())
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR169 - Invalid sequence of variable '"+ symbol + "' and bracket"));

               return false;
            }

            lexer().insert_front(token_t::e_mul);
         }

         return true;
      }

      inline bool post_bracket_process(const typename token_t::token_type& token, expression_node_ptr& branch)
      {
         bool implied_mul = false;

         if (is_generally_string_node(branch))
            return true;

         switch (token)
         {
            case token_t::e_lcrlbracket : implied_mul = token_is(token_t::e_lbracket   ,false) ||
                                                        token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false) ||
                                                        token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket,false) ;
                                          break;

            case token_t::e_lbracket    : implied_mul = token_is(token_t::e_lbracket   ,false) ||
                                                        token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false) ||
                                                        token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket,false) ;
                                          break;

            case token_t::e_lsqrbracket : implied_mul = token_is(token_t::e_lbracket   ,false) ||
                                                        token_is(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,false) ||
                                                        token_is(token_t::e_lsqrbracket,false) ;
                                          break;

            default                     : return true;
         }

         if (implied_mul)
         {
            if (!settings_.commutative_check_enabled())
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR170 - Invalid sequence of brackets"));

               return false;
            }
            else if (token_t::e_eof != current_token().type)
            {
               lexer().insert_front(current_token().type);
               lexer().insert_front(token_t::e_mul);
               next_token();
            }
         }

         return true;
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_symtab_symbol()
      {
         const std::string symbol = current_token().value;

         // Are we dealing with a variable or a special constant?
         expression_node_ptr variable = symtab_store_.get_variable(symbol);

         if (variable)
         {
            if (symtab_store_.is_constant_node(symbol))
            {
               variable = expression_generator_(variable->value());
            }

            if (!post_variable_process(symbol))
               return error_node();

            lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_variable);
            next_token();

            return variable;
         }

         // Are we dealing with a locally defined variable, vector or string?
         if (!sem_.empty())
         {
            scope_element& se = sem_.get_active_element(symbol);

            if (se.active && (se.name == symbol))
            {
               if (scope_element::e_variable == se.type)
               {
                  se.active = true;
                  lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_local_variable);

                  if (!post_variable_process(symbol))
                     return error_node();

                  next_token();

                  return se.var_node;
               }
               else if (scope_element::e_vector == se.type)
               {
                  return parse_vector();
               }
               #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
               else if (scope_element::e_string == se.type)
               {
                  se.active = true;
                  lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_local_string);

                  next_token();

                  return se.str_node;
               }
               #endif
            }
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         // Are we dealing with a string variable?
         if (symtab_store_.is_stringvar(symbol))
         {
            return parse_string();
         }
         #endif

         {
            // Are we dealing with a function?
            ifunction<T>* function = symtab_store_.get_function(symbol);

            if (function)
            {
               lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_function);

               expression_node_ptr func_node =
                                      parse_function_invocation(function,symbol);

               if (func_node)
                  return func_node;
               else
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR171 - Failed to generate node for function: '" + symbol + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         {
            // Are we dealing with a vararg function?
            ivararg_function<T>* vararg_function = symtab_store_.get_vararg_function(symbol);

            if (vararg_function)
            {
               lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_function);

               expression_node_ptr vararg_func_node =
                                      parse_vararg_function_call(vararg_function,symbol);

               if (vararg_func_node)
                  return vararg_func_node;
               else
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR172 - Failed to generate node for vararg function: '" + symbol + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         {
            // Are we dealing with a vararg generic function?
            igeneric_function<T>* generic_function = symtab_store_.get_generic_function(symbol);

            if (generic_function)
            {
               lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_function);

               expression_node_ptr genericfunc_node =
                                      parse_generic_function_call(generic_function,symbol);

               if (genericfunc_node)
                  return genericfunc_node;
               else
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR173 - Failed to generate node for generic function: '" + symbol + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         {
            // Are we dealing with a vararg string returning function?
            igeneric_function<T>* string_function = symtab_store_.get_string_function(symbol);

            if (string_function)
            {
               lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_function);

               expression_node_ptr stringfunc_node =
                                      parse_string_function_call(string_function,symbol);

               if (stringfunc_node)
                  return stringfunc_node;
               else
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR174 - Failed to generate node for string function: '" + symbol + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         // Are we dealing with a vector element?
         if (symtab_store_.is_vector(symbol))
         {
            lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_vector);
            return parse_vector();
         }

         if (details::is_reserved_symbol(symbol))
         {
               if (settings_.function_enabled(symbol) || !details::is_base_function(symbol))
               {
                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR175 - Invalid use of reserved symbol '" + symbol + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
         }

         // Should we handle unknown symbols?
         if (resolve_unknown_symbol_ && unknown_symbol_resolver_)
         {
            if (!(settings_.rsrvd_sym_usr_disabled() && details::is_reserved_symbol(symbol)))
            {
               T default_value = T(0);
               std::string error_message;
               typename unknown_symbol_resolver::usr_symbol_type usr_symbol_type;

               if (unknown_symbol_resolver_->process(symbol,usr_symbol_type,default_value,error_message))
               {
                  bool create_result = false;

                  symbol_table_t& symtab = symtab_store_.get_symbol_table();

                  switch (usr_symbol_type)
                  {
                     case unknown_symbol_resolver::e_usr_variable_type : create_result = symtab.create_variable(symbol,default_value);
                                                                         break;

                     case unknown_symbol_resolver::e_usr_constant_type : create_result = symtab.add_constant(symbol,default_value);
                                                                         break;

                     default                                           : create_result = false;
                  }

                  if (create_result)
                  {
                     expression_node_ptr var = symtab_store_.get_variable(symbol);

                     if (var)
                     {
                        if (symtab_store_.is_constant_node(symbol))
                        {
                           var = expression_generator_(var->value());
                        }

                        lodge_symbol(symbol,e_st_variable);

                        if (!post_variable_process(symbol))
                           return error_node();

                        next_token();

                        return var;
                     }
                  }

                  set_error(
                     make_error(parser_error::e_symtab,
                                current_token(),
                                "ERR176 - Failed to create variable: '" + symbol + "'"));

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         set_error(
            make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                       current_token(),
                       "ERR177 - Undefined symbol: '" + symbol + "'"));

         return error_node();
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_symbol()
      {
         static const std::string symbol_if       = "if"      ;
         static const std::string symbol_while    = "while"   ;
         static const std::string symbol_repeat   = "repeat"  ;
         static const std::string symbol_for      = "for"     ;
         static const std::string symbol_switch   = "switch"  ;
         static const std::string symbol_null     = "null"    ;
         static const std::string symbol_break    = "break"   ;
         static const std::string symbol_continue = "continue";
         static const std::string symbol_var      = "var"     ;
         static const std::string symbol_swap     = "swap"    ;
         static const std::string symbol_return   = "return"  ;

         if (valid_vararg_operation(current_token().value))
         {
            return parse_vararg_function();
         }
         else if (valid_base_operation(current_token().value))
         {
            return parse_base_operation();
         }
         else if (
                   details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_if) &&
                   settings_.control_struct_enabled(current_token().value)
                 )
         {
            return parse_conditional_statement();
         }
         else if (
                   details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_while) &&
                   settings_.control_struct_enabled(current_token().value)
                 )
         {
            return parse_while_loop();
         }
         else if (
                   details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_repeat) &&
                   settings_.control_struct_enabled(current_token().value)
                 )
         {
            return parse_repeat_until_loop();
         }
         else if (
                   details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_for) &&
                   settings_.control_struct_enabled(current_token().value)
                 )
         {
            return parse_for_loop();
         }
         else if (
                   details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_switch) &&
                   settings_.control_struct_enabled(current_token().value)
                 )
         {
            return parse_switch_statement();
         }
         else if (details::is_valid_sf_symbol(current_token().value))
         {
            return parse_special_function();
         }
         else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_null))
         {
            return parse_null_statement();
         }
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
         else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_break))
         {
            return parse_break_statement();
         }
         else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_continue))
         {
            return parse_continue_statement();
         }
         #endif
         else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_var))
         {
            return parse_define_var_statement();
         }
         else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_swap))
         {
            return parse_swap_statement();
         }
         else if (details::imatch(current_token().value,symbol_return))
         {
            return parse_return_statement();
         }
         else if (symtab_store_.valid() || !sem_.empty())
         {
            return parse_symtab_symbol();
         }
         else
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_symtab,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR178 - Variable or function detected, yet symbol-table is invalid, Symbol: " + current_token().value));

            return error_node();
         }
      }

      inline expression_node_ptr parse_branch(precedence_level precedence = e_level00)
      {
         expression_node_ptr branch = error_node();

         if (token_t::e_number == current_token().type)
         {
            T numeric_value = T(0);

            if (details::string_to_real(current_token().value,numeric_value))
            {
               expression_node_ptr literal_exp = expression_generator_(numeric_value);
               next_token();
               branch = literal_exp;
            }
            else
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_numeric,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR179 - Failed to convert '" + current_token().value + "' to a number"));

               return error_node();
            }
         }
         else if (token_t::e_symbol == current_token().type)
         {
            branch = parse_symbol();
         }
         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         else if (token_t::e_string == current_token().type)
         {
            branch = parse_const_string();
         }
         #endif
         else if (token_t::e_lbracket == current_token().type)
         {
            next_token();

            if (0 == (branch = parse_expression()))
               return error_node();
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rbracket))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR180 - Expected ')' instead of: '" + current_token().value + "'"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (!post_bracket_process(token_t::e_lbracket,branch))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
         }
         else if (token_t::e_lsqrbracket == current_token().type)
         {
            next_token();

            if (0 == (branch = parse_expression()))
               return error_node();
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rsqrbracket))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR181 - Expected ']' instead of: '" + current_token().value + "'"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (!post_bracket_process(token_t::e_lsqrbracket,branch))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
         }
         else if (token_t::e_lcrlbracket == current_token().type)
         {
            next_token();

            if (0 == (branch = parse_expression()))
               return error_node();
            else if (!token_is(token_t::e_rcrlbracket))
            {
               set_error(
                  make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                             current_token(),
                             "ERR182 - Expected '}' instead of: '" + current_token().value + "'"));

               free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (!post_bracket_process(token_t::e_lcrlbracket,branch))
            {
               free_node(node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
         }
         else if (token_t::e_sub == current_token().type)
         {
            next_token();
            branch = parse_expression(e_level11);

            if (
                 branch &&
                 !(
                    details::is_neg_unary_node    (branch) &&
                    simplify_unary_negation_branch(branch)
                  )
               )
            {
               branch = expression_generator_(details::e_neg,branch);
            }
         }
         else if (token_t::e_add == current_token().type)
         {
            next_token();
            branch = parse_expression(e_level13);
         }
         else if (token_t::e_eof == current_token().type)
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR183 - Premature end of expression[1]"));

            return error_node();
         }
         else
         {
            set_error(
               make_error(parser_error::e_syntax,
                          current_token(),
                          "ERR184 - Premature end of expression[2]"));

            return error_node();
         }

         if (
              branch                    &&
              (e_level00 == precedence) &&
              token_is(token_t::e_ternary,false)
            )
         {
            branch = parse_ternary_conditional_statement(branch);
         }

         parse_pending_string_rangesize(branch);

         return branch;
      }

      template <typename Type>
      class expression_generator
      {
      public:

         typedef details::expression_node<Type>* expression_node_ptr;
         typedef expression_node_ptr (*synthesize_functor_t)(expression_generator<T>&, const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]);
         typedef std::map<std::string,synthesize_functor_t> synthesize_map_t;
         typedef typename exprtk::parser<Type> parser_t;
         typedef const Type& vtype;
         typedef const Type  ctype;

         inline void init_synthesize_map()
         {
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
            synthesize_map_["(v)o(v)"] = synthesize_vov_expression::process;
            synthesize_map_["(c)o(v)"] = synthesize_cov_expression::process;
            synthesize_map_["(v)o(c)"] = synthesize_voc_expression::process;

            #define register_synthezier(S)                      \
            synthesize_map_[S ::node_type::id()] = S ::process; \

            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovoc_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovoc_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covoc_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covoc_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_cocov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vococ_expression0)

            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovoc_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovocov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covocov_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovoc_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovoc_expression0)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vococov_expression0)

            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovoc_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovocov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covocov_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovoc_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovoc_expression1)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vococov_expression1)

            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovov_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovoc_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovocov_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovov_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovov_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covocov_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovoc_expression2)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovoc_expression2)

            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovov_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovoc_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovocov_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovov_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovov_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covocov_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovoc_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovoc_expression3)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vococov_expression3)

            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovov_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovovoc_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vovocov_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovov_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovov_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covocov_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_vocovoc_expression4)
            register_synthezier(synthesize_covovoc_expression4)
            #endif
         }

         inline void set_parser(parser_t& p)
         {
            parser_ = &p;
         }

         inline void set_uom(unary_op_map_t& unary_op_map)
         {
            unary_op_map_ = &unary_op_map;
         }

         inline void set_bom(binary_op_map_t& binary_op_map)
         {
            binary_op_map_ = &binary_op_map;
         }

         inline void set_ibom(inv_binary_op_map_t& inv_binary_op_map)
         {
            inv_binary_op_map_ = &inv_binary_op_map;
         }

         inline void set_sf3m(sf3_map_t& sf3_map)
         {
            sf3_map_ = &sf3_map;
         }

         inline void set_sf4m(sf4_map_t& sf4_map)
         {
            sf4_map_ = &sf4_map;
         }

         inline void set_allocator(details::node_allocator& na)
         {
            node_allocator_ = &na;
         }

         inline void set_strength_reduction_state(const bool enabled)
         {
            strength_reduction_enabled_ = enabled;
         }

         inline bool strength_reduction_enabled() const
         {
            return strength_reduction_enabled_;
         }

         inline bool valid_operator(const details::operator_type& operation, binary_functor_t& bop)
         {
            typename binary_op_map_t::iterator bop_itr = binary_op_map_->find(operation);

            if ((*binary_op_map_).end() == bop_itr)
               return false;

            bop = bop_itr->second;

            return true;
         }

         inline bool valid_operator(const details::operator_type& operation, unary_functor_t& uop)
         {
            typename unary_op_map_t::iterator uop_itr = unary_op_map_->find(operation);

            if ((*unary_op_map_).end() == uop_itr)
               return false;

            uop = uop_itr->second;

            return true;
         }

         inline details::operator_type get_operator(const binary_functor_t& bop)
         {
            return (*inv_binary_op_map_).find(bop)->second;
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const Type& v) const
         {
            return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const std::string& s) const
         {
            return node_allocator_->allocate<string_literal_node_t>(s);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(std::string& s, range_t& rp) const
         {
            return node_allocator_->allocate_rr<string_range_node_t>(s,rp);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const std::string& s, range_t& rp) const
         {
            return node_allocator_->allocate_tt<const_string_range_node_t>(s,rp);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(expression_node_ptr branch, range_t& rp) const
         {
            if (is_generally_string_node(branch))
               return node_allocator_->allocate_tt<generic_string_range_node_t>(branch,rp);
            else
               return error_node();
         }

         inline bool unary_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation) const
         {
            return (details::e_abs   == operation) || (details::e_acos  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_acosh == operation) || (details::e_asin  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_asinh == operation) || (details::e_atan  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_atanh == operation) || (details::e_ceil  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_cos   == operation) || (details::e_cosh  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_exp   == operation) || (details::e_expm1 == operation) ||
                   (details::e_floor == operation) || (details::e_log   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_log10 == operation) || (details::e_log2  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_log1p == operation) || (details::e_neg   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_pos   == operation) || (details::e_round == operation) ||
                   (details::e_sin   == operation) || (details::e_sinc  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_sinh  == operation) || (details::e_sqrt  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_tan   == operation) || (details::e_tanh  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_cot   == operation) || (details::e_sec   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_csc   == operation) || (details::e_r2d   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_d2r   == operation) || (details::e_d2g   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_g2d   == operation) || (details::e_notl  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_sgn   == operation) || (details::e_erf   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_erfc  == operation) || (details::e_ncdf  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_frac  == operation) || (details::e_trunc == operation);
         }

         inline bool sf3_optimizable(const std::string& sf3id, trinary_functor_t& tfunc)
         {
            typename sf3_map_t::iterator itr = sf3_map_->find(sf3id);

            if (sf3_map_->end() == itr)
               return false;
            else
               tfunc = itr->second.first;

            return true;
         }

         inline bool sf4_optimizable(const std::string& sf4id, quaternary_functor_t& qfunc)
         {
            typename sf4_map_t::iterator itr = sf4_map_->find(sf4id);

            if (sf4_map_->end() == itr)
               return false;
            else
               qfunc = itr->second.first;

            return true;
         }

         inline bool sf3_optimizable(const std::string& sf3id, details::operator_type& operation)
         {
            typename sf3_map_t::iterator itr = sf3_map_->find(sf3id);

            if (sf3_map_->end() == itr)
               return false;
            else
               operation = itr->second.second;

            return true;
         }

         inline bool sf4_optimizable(const std::string& sf4id, details::operator_type& operation)
         {
            typename sf4_map_t::iterator itr = sf4_map_->find(sf4id);

            if (sf4_map_->end() == itr)
               return false;
            else
               operation = itr->second.second;

            return true;
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[1])
         {
            if (0 == branch[0])
               return error_node();
            else if (details::is_null_node(branch[0]))
               return branch[0];
            else if (details::is_break_node(branch[0]))
               return error_node();
            else if (details::is_continue_node(branch[0]))
               return error_node();
            else if (details::is_constant_node(branch[0]))
               return synthesize_expression<unary_node_t,1>(operation,branch);
            else if (unary_optimizable(operation) && details::is_variable_node(branch[0]))
               return synthesize_uv_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (unary_optimizable(operation) && details::is_ivector_node(branch[0]))
               return synthesize_uvec_expression(operation,branch);
            else
               return synthesize_unary_expression(operation,branch);
         }

         inline bool is_assignment_operation(const details::operator_type& operation) const
         {
            return (details::e_addass == operation) ||
                   (details::e_subass == operation) ||
                   (details::e_mulass == operation) ||
                   (details::e_divass == operation) ||
                   (details::e_modass == operation) ;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline bool valid_string_operation(const details::operator_type& operation) const
         {
            return (details::e_add    == operation) ||
                   (details::e_lt     == operation) ||
                   (details::e_lte    == operation) ||
                   (details::e_gt     == operation) ||
                   (details::e_gte    == operation) ||
                   (details::e_eq     == operation) ||
                   (details::e_ne     == operation) ||
                   (details::e_in     == operation) ||
                   (details::e_like   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_ilike  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_assign == operation) ||
                   (details::e_addass == operation) ||
                   (details::e_swap   == operation) ;
         }
         #else
         inline bool valid_string_operation(const details::operator_type&) const
         {
            return false;
         }
         #endif

         inline std::string to_str(const details::operator_type& operation) const
         {
            switch (operation)
            {
               case details::e_add  : return "+";
               case details::e_sub  : return "-";
               case details::e_mul  : return "*";
               case details::e_div  : return "/";
               case details::e_mod  : return "%";
               case details::e_pow  : return "^";
               case details::e_lt   : return "<";
               case details::e_lte  : return "<=";
               case details::e_gt   : return ">";
               case details::e_gte  : return ">=";
               case details::e_eq   : return "==";
               case details::e_ne   : return "!=";
               case details::e_and  : return "and";
               case details::e_nand : return "nand";
               case details::e_or   : return "or";
               case details::e_nor  : return "nor";
               case details::e_xor  : return "xor";
               case details::e_xnor : return "xnor";
               default              : return "UNKNOWN";
            }
         }

         inline bool operation_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation) const
         {
            return (details::e_add  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_sub  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_mul  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_div  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_mod  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_pow  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_lt   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_lte  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_gt   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_gte  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_eq   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_ne   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_and  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_nand == operation) ||
                   (details::e_or   == operation) ||
                   (details::e_nor  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_xor  == operation) ||
                   (details::e_xnor == operation) ;
         }

         inline std::string branch_to_id(expression_node_ptr branch)
         {
            static const std::string null_str   ("(null)" );
            static const std::string const_str  ("(c)"    );
            static const std::string var_str    ("(v)"    );
            static const std::string vov_str    ("(vov)"  );
            static const std::string cov_str    ("(cov)"  );
            static const std::string voc_str    ("(voc)"  );
            static const std::string str_str    ("(s)"    );
            static const std::string strrng_str ("(rngs)" );
            static const std::string cs_str     ("(cs)"   );
            static const std::string cstrrng_str("(crngs)");

            if (details::is_null_node(branch))
               return null_str;
            else if (details::is_constant_node(branch))
               return const_str;
            else if (details::is_variable_node(branch))
               return var_str;
            else if (details::is_vov_node(branch))
               return vov_str;
            else if (details::is_cov_node(branch))
               return cov_str;
            else if (details::is_voc_node(branch))
               return voc_str;
            else if (details::is_string_node(branch))
               return str_str;
            else if (details::is_const_string_node(branch))
               return cs_str;
            else if (details::is_string_range_node(branch))
               return strrng_str;
            else if (details::is_const_string_range_node(branch))
               return cstrrng_str;
            else if (details::is_t0ot1ot2_node(branch))
               return "(" + dynamic_cast<details::T0oT1oT2_base_node<T>*>(branch)->type_id() + ")";
            else if (details::is_t0ot1ot2ot3_node(branch))
               return "(" + dynamic_cast<details::T0oT1oT2oT3_base_node<T>*>(branch)->type_id() + ")";
            else
               return "ERROR";
         }

         inline std::string branch_to_id(expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            return branch_to_id(branch[0]) + std::string("o") + branch_to_id(branch[1]);
         }

         inline bool cov_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (details::is_constant_node(branch[0]) && details::is_variable_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool voc_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (details::is_variable_node(branch[0]) && details::is_constant_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool vov_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (details::is_variable_node(branch[0]) && details::is_variable_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool cob_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (details::is_constant_node(branch[0]) && !details::is_constant_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool boc_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (!details::is_constant_node(branch[0]) && details::is_constant_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool cocob_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (
                 (details::e_add == operation) ||
                 (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                 (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                 (details::e_div == operation)
               )
            {
               return (details::is_constant_node(branch[0]) && details::is_cob_node(branch[1])) ||
                      (details::is_constant_node(branch[1]) && details::is_cob_node(branch[0]));
            }
            else
               return false;
         }

         inline bool coboc_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (
                 (details::e_add == operation) ||
                 (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                 (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                 (details::e_div == operation)
               )
            {
               return (details::is_constant_node(branch[0]) && details::is_boc_node(branch[1])) ||
                      (details::is_constant_node(branch[1]) && details::is_boc_node(branch[0]));
            }
            else
               return false;
         }

         inline bool uvouv_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (details::is_uv_node(branch[0]) && details::is_uv_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool vob_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (details::is_variable_node(branch[0]) && !details::is_variable_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool bov_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (!details::is_variable_node(branch[0]) && details::is_variable_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool binext_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2]) const
         {
            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;
            else
               return (!details::is_constant_node(branch[0]) || !details::is_constant_node(branch[1]));
         }

         inline bool is_invalid_assignment_op(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if (is_assignment_operation(operation))
            {
               const bool b1_is_genstring = details::is_generally_string_node(branch[1]);

               if (details::is_string_node(branch[0]))
                  return !b1_is_genstring;
               else
                  return (
                           !details::is_variable_node   (branch[0]) &&
                           !details::is_vector_elem_node(branch[0]) &&
                           !details::is_vector_node     (branch[0])
                         )
                         || b1_is_genstring;
            }
            else
               return false;
         }

         inline bool is_invalid_break_continue_op(expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            return (
                     details::is_break_node   (branch[0]) ||
                     details::is_break_node   (branch[1]) ||
                     details::is_continue_node(branch[0]) ||
                     details::is_continue_node(branch[1])
                   );
         }

         inline bool is_invalid_string_op(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const bool b0_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[0]);
            const bool b1_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[1]);

            bool result = false;

            if (b0_string ^ b1_string)
               result = true;
            else if (!valid_string_operation(operation) && b0_string && b1_string)
               result = true;

            if (result)
            {
               parser_->set_synthesis_error("Invalid string operation");
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline bool is_invalid_string_op(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            const bool b0_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[0]);
            const bool b1_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[1]);
            const bool b2_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[2]);

            bool result = false;

            if ((b0_string ^ b1_string) || (b1_string ^ b2_string))
               result = true;
            else if ((details::e_inrange != operation) && b0_string && b1_string && b2_string)
               result = true;

            if (result)
            {
               parser_->set_synthesis_error("Invalid string operation");
            }

            return result;
         }

         inline bool is_string_operation(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const bool b0_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[0]);
            const bool b1_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[1]);

            return (b0_string && b1_string && valid_string_operation(operation));
         }

         inline bool is_string_operation(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            const bool b0_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[0]);
            const bool b1_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[1]);
            const bool b2_string = is_generally_string_node(branch[2]);

            return (b0_string && b1_string && b2_string && (details::e_inrange == operation));
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_sc_andor
         inline bool is_shortcircuit_expression(const details::operator_type& operation)
         {
            return (
                     (details::e_scand == operation) ||
                     (details::e_scor  == operation)
                   );
         }
         #else
         inline bool is_shortcircuit_expression(const details::operator_type&)
         {
            return false;
         }
         #endif

         inline bool is_null_present(expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            return (
                     details::is_null_node(branch[0]) ||
                     details::is_null_node(branch[1])
                   );
         }

         inline bool is_vector_eqineq_operation(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if (!is_ivector_node(branch[0]) && !is_ivector_node(branch[1]))
               return false;
            else
               return (
                        (details::e_lt  == operation) ||
                        (details::e_lte == operation) ||
                        (details::e_gt  == operation) ||
                        (details::e_gte == operation) ||
                        (details::e_eq  == operation) ||
                        (details::e_ne  == operation)
                      );
         }

         inline bool is_vector_arithmetic_operation(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if (!is_ivector_node(branch[0]) && !is_ivector_node(branch[1]))
               return false;
            else
               return (
                        (details::e_add == operation) ||
                        (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                        (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                        (details::e_div == operation) ||
                        (details::e_pow == operation)
                      );
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if ((0 == branch[0]) || (0 == branch[1]))
               return error_node();
            else if (is_invalid_string_op(operation,branch))
               return error_node();
            else if (is_invalid_assignment_op(operation,branch))
               return error_node();
            else if (is_invalid_break_continue_op(branch))
               return error_node();
            else if (details::e_assign == operation)
               return synthesize_assignment_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (details::e_swap == operation)
               return synthesize_swap_expression(branch);
            else if (is_assignment_operation(operation))
               return synthesize_assignment_operation_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (is_vector_eqineq_operation(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_veceqineq_operation_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (is_vector_arithmetic_operation(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_vecarithmetic_operation_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (is_shortcircuit_expression(operation))
               return synthesize_shortcircuit_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (is_string_operation(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_string_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (is_null_present(branch))
               return synthesize_null_expression(operation,branch);

            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
            if (synthesize_expression(operation,branch,result))
               return result;
            else
            #endif

            {
               /*
                  Possible reductions:
                  1. c o cob -> cob
                  2. cob o c -> cob
                  3. c o boc -> boc
                  4. boc o c -> boc
               */
               result = error_node();

               if (cocob_optimizable(operation,branch))
                  result = synthesize_cocob_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
               else if (coboc_optimizable(operation,branch) && (0 == result))
                  result = synthesize_coboc_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);

               if (result)
                  return result;
            }

            if (uvouv_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_uvouv_expression(operation,branch);
            else if (vob_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_vob_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
            else if (bov_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_bov_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
            else if (cob_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_cob_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
            else if (boc_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_boc_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
            else if (cov_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_cov_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
            #endif
            else if (binext_optimizable(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_binary_ext_expression::process(*this,operation,branch);
            else
               return synthesize_expression<binary_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            if (
                 (0 == branch[0]) ||
                 (0 == branch[1]) ||
                 (0 == branch[2])
               )
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (is_invalid_string_op(operation,branch))
               return error_node();
            else if (is_string_operation(operation,branch))
               return synthesize_string_expression(operation,branch);
            else
               return synthesize_expression<trinary_node_t,3>(operation,branch);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[4])
         {
            return synthesize_expression<quaternary_node_t,4>(operation,branch);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr b0)
         {
            expression_node_ptr branch[1] = { b0 };
            return (*this)(operation,branch);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr operator()(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr b0, expression_node_ptr b1)
         {
            if ((0 == b0) || (0 == b1))
               return error_node();
            else
            {
               expression_node_ptr branch[2] = { b0, b1 };
               return expression_generator<Type>::operator()(operation,branch);
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr conditional(expression_node_ptr condition,
                                                expression_node_ptr consequent,
                                                expression_node_ptr alternative) const
         {
            if ((0 == condition) || (0 == consequent))
            {
               free_node(*node_allocator_,condition  );
               free_node(*node_allocator_,consequent );
               free_node(*node_allocator_,alternative);

               return error_node();
            }
            // Can the condition be immediately evaluated? if so optimize.
            else if (details::is_constant_node(condition))
            {
               // True branch
               if (details::is_true(condition))
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,condition  );
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,alternative);

                  return consequent;
               }
               // False branch
               else
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,condition );
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,consequent);

                  if (alternative)
                     return alternative;
                  else
                     return node_allocator_->allocate<details::null_node<T> >();
               }
            }
            else if ((0 != consequent) && (0 != alternative))
            {
               return node_allocator_->
                        allocate<conditional_node_t>(condition,consequent,alternative);
            }
            else
               return node_allocator_->
                        allocate<cons_conditional_node_t>(condition,consequent);
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline expression_node_ptr conditional_string(expression_node_ptr condition,
                                                       expression_node_ptr consequent,
                                                       expression_node_ptr alternative) const
         {
            if ((0 == condition) || (0 == consequent))
            {
               free_node(*node_allocator_,condition  );
               free_node(*node_allocator_,consequent );
               free_node(*node_allocator_,alternative);

               return error_node();
            }
            // Can the condition be immediately evaluated? if so optimize.
            else if (details::is_constant_node(condition))
            {
               // True branch
               if (details::is_true(condition))
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,condition  );
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,alternative);

                  return consequent;
               }
               // False branch
               else
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,condition );
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,consequent);

                  if (alternative)
                     return alternative;
                  else
                     return node_allocator_->
                              allocate_c<details::string_literal_node<Type> >("");
               }
            }
            else if ((0 != consequent) && (0 != alternative))
               return node_allocator_->
                        allocate<conditional_string_node_t>(condition,consequent,alternative);
            else
               return error_node();
               //return node_allocator_->
               //         allocate<cons_conditional_str_node_t>(condition,consequent);
         }
         #else
         inline expression_node_ptr conditional_string(expression_node_ptr ,
                                                       expression_node_ptr ,
                                                       expression_node_ptr ) const
         {
            return error_node();
         }
         #endif

         inline expression_node_ptr while_loop(expression_node_ptr& condition,
                                               expression_node_ptr& branch,
                                               const bool brkcont = false) const
         {
            if (!brkcont && details::is_constant_node(condition))
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();
               if (details::is_true(condition))
                  // Infinite loops are not allowed.
                  result = error_node();
               else
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::null_node<Type> >();

               free_node(*node_allocator_, condition);
               free_node(*node_allocator_, branch   );

               return result;
            }
            else if (details::is_null_node(condition))
            {
               free_node(*node_allocator_,condition);

               return branch;
            }
            else if (!brkcont)
               return node_allocator_->allocate<while_loop_node_t>(condition,branch);
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
            else
               return node_allocator_->allocate<while_loop_bc_node_t>(condition,branch);
            #else
               return error_node();
            #endif
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr repeat_until_loop(expression_node_ptr& condition,
                                                      expression_node_ptr& branch,
                                                      const bool brkcont = false) const
         {
            if (!brkcont && details::is_constant_node(condition))
            {
               if (details::is_true(condition) && details::is_constant_node(branch))
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,condition);

                  return branch;
               }

               free_node(*node_allocator_, condition);
               free_node(*node_allocator_, branch   );

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (details::is_null_node(condition))
            {
               free_node(*node_allocator_,condition);

               return branch;
            }
            else if (!brkcont)
               return node_allocator_->allocate<repeat_until_loop_node_t>(condition,branch);
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
            else
               return node_allocator_->allocate<repeat_until_loop_bc_node_t>(condition,branch);
            #else
               return error_node();
            #endif
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr for_loop(expression_node_ptr& initialiser,
                                             expression_node_ptr& condition,
                                             expression_node_ptr& incrementor,
                                             expression_node_ptr& loop_body,
                                             bool brkcont = false) const
         {
            if (!brkcont && details::is_constant_node(condition))
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (details::is_true(condition))
                  // Infinite loops are not allowed.
                  result = error_node();
               else
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::null_node<Type> >();

               free_node(*node_allocator_,initialiser);
               free_node(*node_allocator_,condition  );
               free_node(*node_allocator_,incrementor);
               free_node(*node_allocator_,loop_body  );

               return result;
            }
            else if (details::is_null_node(condition))
            {
               free_node(*node_allocator_,initialiser);
               free_node(*node_allocator_,condition  );
               free_node(*node_allocator_,incrementor);

               return loop_body;
            }
            else if (!brkcont)
               return node_allocator_->allocate<for_loop_node_t>(initialiser,
                                                                 condition,
                                                                 incrementor,
                                                                 loop_body);
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_break_continue
            else
               return node_allocator_->allocate<for_loop_bc_node_t>(initialiser,
                                                                    condition,
                                                                    incrementor,
                                                                    loop_body);
            #else
            return error_node();
            #endif
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr const_optimize_switch(Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (arg_list.size() / 2); ++i)
            {
               expression_node_ptr condition  = arg_list[(2 * i)    ];
               expression_node_ptr consequent = arg_list[(2 * i) + 1];

               if ((0 == result) && details::is_true(condition))
               {
                  result = consequent;
                  break;
               }
            }

            if (0 == result)
            {
               result = arg_list.back();
            }

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               expression_node_ptr current_expr = arg_list[i];

               if (current_expr && (current_expr != result))
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,current_expr);
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr const_optimize_mswitch(Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (arg_list.size() / 2); ++i)
            {
               expression_node_ptr condition  = arg_list[(2 * i)    ];
               expression_node_ptr consequent = arg_list[(2 * i) + 1];

               if (details::is_true(condition))
               {
                  result = consequent;
               }
            }

            if (0 == result)
            {
               T zero = T(0);
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(zero);
            }

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < arg_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               expression_node_ptr& current_expr = arg_list[i];

               if (current_expr && (current_expr != result))
               {
                  free_node(*node_allocator_,current_expr);
               }
            }

            return result;
         }

         struct switch_nodes
         {
            typedef std::vector<expression_node_ptr> arg_list_t;

            #define case_stmt(N) \
            if (is_true(arg[(2 * N)])) return arg[(2 * N) + 1]->value();

            struct switch_1
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            struct switch_2
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            struct switch_3
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1)
                  case_stmt(2)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            struct switch_4
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1)
                  case_stmt(2) case_stmt(3)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            struct switch_5
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1)
                  case_stmt(2) case_stmt(3)
                  case_stmt(4)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            struct switch_6
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1)
                  case_stmt(2) case_stmt(3)
                  case_stmt(4) case_stmt(5)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            struct switch_7
            {
               static inline T process(const arg_list_t& arg)
               {
                  case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1)
                  case_stmt(2) case_stmt(3)
                  case_stmt(4) case_stmt(5)
                  case_stmt(6)
                  return arg.back()->value();
               }
            };

            #undef case_stmt
         };

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr switch_statement(Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            if (arg_list.empty())
               return error_node();
            else if (
                      !all_nodes_valid(arg_list)   ||
                      (arg_list.size() < 3)        ||
                      ((arg_list.size() % 2) != 1)
                    )
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }
            else if (is_constant_foldable(arg_list))
               return const_optimize_switch(arg_list);

            switch ((arg_list.size() - 1) / 2)
            {
               #define case_stmt(N)                                                 \
               case N :                                                             \
                  return node_allocator_->                                          \
                            allocate<details::switch_n_node                         \
                              <Type,typename switch_nodes::switch_##N> >(arg_list); \

               case_stmt(1)
               case_stmt(2)
               case_stmt(3)
               case_stmt(4)
               case_stmt(5)
               case_stmt(6)
               case_stmt(7)
               #undef case_stmt

               default : return node_allocator_->allocate<details::switch_node<Type> >(arg_list);
            }
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr multi_switch_statement(Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(arg_list))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (is_constant_foldable(arg_list))
               return const_optimize_mswitch(arg_list);
            else
               return node_allocator_->allocate<details::multi_switch_node<Type> >(arg_list);
         }

         #define unary_opr_switch_statements           \
         case_stmt(details::  e_abs,details::  abs_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_acos,details:: acos_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_acosh,details::acosh_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_asin,details:: asin_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_asinh,details::asinh_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_atan,details:: atan_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_atanh,details::atanh_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_ceil,details:: ceil_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_cos,details::  cos_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_cosh,details:: cosh_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_exp,details::  exp_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_expm1,details::expm1_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_floor,details::floor_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_log,details::  log_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_log10,details::log10_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_log2,details:: log2_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_log1p,details::log1p_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_neg,details::  neg_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_pos,details::  pos_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_round,details::round_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_sin,details::  sin_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_sinc,details:: sinc_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_sinh,details:: sinh_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_sqrt,details:: sqrt_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_tan,details::  tan_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_tanh,details:: tanh_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_cot,details::  cot_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_sec,details::  sec_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_csc,details::  csc_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_r2d,details::  r2d_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_d2r,details::  d2r_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_d2g,details::  d2g_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_g2d,details::  g2d_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_notl,details:: notl_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_sgn,details::  sgn_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_erf,details::  erf_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_erfc,details:: erfc_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_ncdf,details:: ncdf_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_frac,details:: frac_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_trunc,details::trunc_op) \

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_uv_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                             expression_node_ptr (&branch)[1])
         {
            T& v = static_cast<details::variable_node<T>*>(branch[0])->ref();

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                          \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                 \
                             allocate<typename details::unary_variable_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(v); \

               unary_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_uvec_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                               expression_node_ptr (&branch)[1])
         {
            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                    \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                           \
                             allocate<typename details::unary_vector_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                (operation,branch[0]);                                       \

               unary_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_unary_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                                expression_node_ptr (&branch)[1])
         {
            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                       \
                             allocate<typename details::unary_branch_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(branch[0]); \

               unary_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr const_optimize_sf3(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                       expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            expression_node_ptr temp_node = error_node();

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                  \
               case op0 : temp_node = node_allocator_->                    \
                             allocate<details::sf3_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                (operation,branch);                        \
                          break;                                           \

               case_stmt(details::e_sf00,details::sf00_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf01,details::sf01_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf02,details::sf02_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf03,details::sf03_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf04,details::sf04_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf05,details::sf05_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf06,details::sf06_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf07,details::sf07_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf08,details::sf08_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf09,details::sf09_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf10,details::sf10_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf11,details::sf11_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf12,details::sf12_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf13,details::sf13_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf14,details::sf14_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf15,details::sf15_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf16,details::sf16_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf17,details::sf17_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf18,details::sf18_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf19,details::sf19_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf20,details::sf20_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf21,details::sf21_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf22,details::sf22_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf23,details::sf23_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf24,details::sf24_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf25,details::sf25_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf26,details::sf26_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf27,details::sf27_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf28,details::sf28_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf29,details::sf29_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf30,details::sf30_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf31,details::sf31_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf32,details::sf32_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf33,details::sf33_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf34,details::sf34_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf35,details::sf35_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf36,details::sf36_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf37,details::sf37_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf38,details::sf38_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf39,details::sf39_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf40,details::sf40_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf41,details::sf41_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf42,details::sf42_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf43,details::sf43_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf44,details::sf44_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf45,details::sf45_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf46,details::sf46_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf47,details::sf47_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }

            T v = temp_node->value();
            node_allocator_->free(temp_node);
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,temp_node);

            return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr varnode_optimize_sf3(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            typedef details::variable_node<Type>* variable_ptr;

            const Type& v0 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[0])->ref();
            const Type& v1 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[1])->ref();
            const Type& v2 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[2])->ref();

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                          \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                 \
                             allocate_rrr<details::sf3_var_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                (v0,v1,v2);                                        \

               case_stmt(details::e_sf00,details::sf00_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf01,details::sf01_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf02,details::sf02_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf03,details::sf03_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf04,details::sf04_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf05,details::sf05_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf06,details::sf06_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf07,details::sf07_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf08,details::sf08_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf09,details::sf09_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf10,details::sf10_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf11,details::sf11_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf12,details::sf12_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf13,details::sf13_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf14,details::sf14_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf15,details::sf15_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf16,details::sf16_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf17,details::sf17_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf18,details::sf18_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf19,details::sf19_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf20,details::sf20_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf21,details::sf21_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf22,details::sf22_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf23,details::sf23_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf24,details::sf24_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf25,details::sf25_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf26,details::sf26_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf27,details::sf27_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf28,details::sf28_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf29,details::sf29_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf30,details::sf30_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf31,details::sf31_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf32,details::sf32_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf33,details::sf33_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf34,details::sf34_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf35,details::sf35_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf36,details::sf36_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf37,details::sf37_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf38,details::sf38_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf39,details::sf39_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf40,details::sf40_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf41,details::sf41_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf42,details::sf42_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf43,details::sf43_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf44,details::sf44_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf45,details::sf45_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf46,details::sf46_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf47,details::sf47_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr special_function(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(branch))
               return error_node();
            else if (is_constant_foldable(branch))
               return const_optimize_sf3(operation,branch);
            else if (all_nodes_variables(branch))
               return varnode_optimize_sf3(operation,branch);
            else
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                     \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                            \
                                allocate<details::sf3_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(operation,branch); \

                  case_stmt(details::e_sf00,details::sf00_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf01,details::sf01_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf02,details::sf02_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf03,details::sf03_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf04,details::sf04_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf05,details::sf05_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf06,details::sf06_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf07,details::sf07_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf08,details::sf08_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf09,details::sf09_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf10,details::sf10_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf11,details::sf11_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf12,details::sf12_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf13,details::sf13_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf14,details::sf14_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf15,details::sf15_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf16,details::sf16_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf17,details::sf17_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf18,details::sf18_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf19,details::sf19_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf20,details::sf20_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf21,details::sf21_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf22,details::sf22_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf23,details::sf23_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf24,details::sf24_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf25,details::sf25_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf26,details::sf26_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf27,details::sf27_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf28,details::sf28_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf29,details::sf29_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf30,details::sf30_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf31,details::sf31_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf32,details::sf32_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf33,details::sf33_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf34,details::sf34_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf35,details::sf35_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf36,details::sf36_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf37,details::sf37_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf38,details::sf38_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf39,details::sf39_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf40,details::sf40_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf41,details::sf41_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf42,details::sf42_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf43,details::sf43_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf44,details::sf44_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf45,details::sf45_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf46,details::sf46_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf47,details::sf47_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr const_optimize_sf4(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[4])
         {
            expression_node_ptr temp_node = error_node();

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                 \
               case op0 : temp_node = node_allocator_->                                                   \
                                         allocate<details::sf4_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(operation,branch); \
                          break;                                                                          \

               case_stmt(details::e_sf48,details::sf48_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf49,details::sf49_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf50,details::sf50_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf51,details::sf51_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf52,details::sf52_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf53,details::sf53_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf54,details::sf54_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf55,details::sf55_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf56,details::sf56_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf57,details::sf57_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf58,details::sf58_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf59,details::sf59_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf60,details::sf60_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf61,details::sf61_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf62,details::sf62_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf63,details::sf63_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf64,details::sf64_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf65,details::sf65_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf66,details::sf66_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf67,details::sf67_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf68,details::sf68_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf69,details::sf69_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf70,details::sf70_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf71,details::sf71_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf72,details::sf72_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf73,details::sf73_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf74,details::sf74_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf75,details::sf75_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf76,details::sf76_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf77,details::sf77_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf78,details::sf78_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf79,details::sf79_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf80,details::sf80_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf81,details::sf81_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf82,details::sf82_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf83,details::sf83_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf84,details::sf84_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf85,details::sf85_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf86,details::sf86_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf87,details::sf87_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf88,details::sf88_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf89,details::sf89_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf90,details::sf90_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf91,details::sf91_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf92,details::sf92_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf93,details::sf93_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf94,details::sf94_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf95,details::sf95_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf96,details::sf96_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf97,details::sf97_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf98,details::sf98_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf99,details::sf99_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }

            T v = temp_node->value();
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,temp_node);

            return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr varnode_optimize_sf4(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[4])
         {
            typedef details::variable_node<Type>* variable_ptr;

            const Type& v0 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[0])->ref();
            const Type& v1 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[1])->ref();
            const Type& v2 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[2])->ref();
            const Type& v3 = static_cast<variable_ptr>(branch[3])->ref();

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                         \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                \
                             allocate_rrrr<details::sf4_var_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(v0,v1,v2,v3); \

               case_stmt(details::e_sf48,details::sf48_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf49,details::sf49_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf50,details::sf50_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf51,details::sf51_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf52,details::sf52_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf53,details::sf53_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf54,details::sf54_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf55,details::sf55_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf56,details::sf56_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf57,details::sf57_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf58,details::sf58_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf59,details::sf59_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf60,details::sf60_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf61,details::sf61_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf62,details::sf62_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf63,details::sf63_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf64,details::sf64_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf65,details::sf65_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf66,details::sf66_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf67,details::sf67_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf68,details::sf68_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf69,details::sf69_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf70,details::sf70_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf71,details::sf71_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf72,details::sf72_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf73,details::sf73_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf74,details::sf74_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf75,details::sf75_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf76,details::sf76_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf77,details::sf77_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf78,details::sf78_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf79,details::sf79_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf80,details::sf80_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf81,details::sf81_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf82,details::sf82_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf83,details::sf83_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf84,details::sf84_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf85,details::sf85_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf86,details::sf86_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf87,details::sf87_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf88,details::sf88_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf89,details::sf89_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf90,details::sf90_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf91,details::sf91_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf92,details::sf92_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf93,details::sf93_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf94,details::sf94_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf95,details::sf95_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf96,details::sf96_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf97,details::sf97_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf98,details::sf98_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf99,details::sf99_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr special_function(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[4])
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(branch))
               return error_node();
            else if (is_constant_foldable(branch))
               return const_optimize_sf4(operation,branch);
            else if (all_nodes_variables(branch))
               return varnode_optimize_sf4(operation,branch);
            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                     \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                            \
                             allocate<details::sf4_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(operation,branch); \

               case_stmt(details::e_sf48,details::sf48_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf49,details::sf49_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf50,details::sf50_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf51,details::sf51_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf52,details::sf52_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf53,details::sf53_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf54,details::sf54_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf55,details::sf55_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf56,details::sf56_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf57,details::sf57_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf58,details::sf58_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf59,details::sf59_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf60,details::sf60_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf61,details::sf61_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf62,details::sf62_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf63,details::sf63_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf64,details::sf64_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf65,details::sf65_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf66,details::sf66_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf67,details::sf67_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf68,details::sf68_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf69,details::sf69_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf70,details::sf70_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf71,details::sf71_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf72,details::sf72_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf73,details::sf73_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf74,details::sf74_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf75,details::sf75_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf76,details::sf76_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf77,details::sf77_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf78,details::sf78_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf79,details::sf79_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf80,details::sf80_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf81,details::sf81_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf82,details::sf82_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf83,details::sf83_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf84,details::sf84_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf85,details::sf85_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf86,details::sf86_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf87,details::sf87_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf88,details::sf88_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf89,details::sf89_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf90,details::sf90_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf91,details::sf91_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf92,details::sf92_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf93,details::sf93_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf94,details::sf94_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf95,details::sf95_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf96,details::sf96_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf97,details::sf97_op)
               case_stmt(details::e_sf98,details::sf98_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf99,details::sf99_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr const_optimize_varargfunc(const details::operator_type& operation, Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            expression_node_ptr temp_node = error_node();

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                 \
               case op0 : temp_node = node_allocator_->                                   \
                                         allocate<details::vararg_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                            (arg_list);                                   \
                          break;                                                          \

               case_stmt(details::e_sum,  details::vararg_add_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_prod, details::vararg_mul_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_avg,  details::vararg_avg_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_min,  details::vararg_min_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_max,  details::vararg_max_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_mand, details::vararg_mand_op )
               case_stmt(details::e_mor,  details::vararg_mor_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_multi,details::vararg_multi_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }

            T v = temp_node->value();
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,temp_node);

            return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
         }

         inline bool special_one_parameter_vararg(const details::operator_type& operation)
         {
            return (
                     (details::e_sum  == operation) ||
                     (details::e_prod == operation) ||
                     (details::e_avg  == operation) ||
                     (details::e_min  == operation) ||
                     (details::e_max  == operation)
                   );
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr varnode_optimize_varargfunc(const details::operator_type& operation, Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                   \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                          \
                             allocate<details::vararg_varnode<Type,op1<Type> > >(arg_list); \

               case_stmt(details::e_sum,  details::vararg_add_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_prod, details::vararg_mul_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_avg,  details::vararg_avg_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_min,  details::vararg_min_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_max,  details::vararg_max_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_mand, details::vararg_mand_op )
               case_stmt(details::e_mor,  details::vararg_mor_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_multi,details::vararg_multi_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr vectorize_func(const details::operator_type& operation, Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            if (1 == arg_list.size())
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                      \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                             \
                                allocate<details::vectorize_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(arg_list[0]); \

                  case_stmt(details::e_sum,  details::vec_add_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_prod, details::vec_mul_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_avg,  details::vec_avg_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_min,  details::vec_min_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_max,  details::vec_max_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else
               return error_node();
         }

         template <typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline expression_node_ptr vararg_function(const details::operator_type& operation, Sequence<expression_node_ptr,Allocator>& arg_list)
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(arg_list))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (is_constant_foldable(arg_list))
               return const_optimize_varargfunc(operation,arg_list);
            else if ((arg_list.size() == 1) && details::is_ivector_node(arg_list[0]))
               return vectorize_func(operation,arg_list);
            else if ((arg_list.size() == 1) && special_one_parameter_vararg(operation))
               return arg_list[0];
            else if (all_nodes_variables(arg_list))
               return varnode_optimize_varargfunc(operation,arg_list);

            switch (operation)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                       \
                             allocate<details::vararg_node<Type,op1<Type> > >(arg_list); \

               case_stmt(details::e_sum,  details::vararg_add_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_prod, details::vararg_mul_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_avg,  details::vararg_avg_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_min,  details::vararg_min_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_max,  details::vararg_max_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_mand, details::vararg_mand_op )
               case_stmt(details::e_mor,  details::vararg_mor_op  )
               case_stmt(details::e_multi,details::vararg_multi_op)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         template <std::size_t N>
         inline expression_node_ptr function(ifunction_t* f, expression_node_ptr (&b)[N])
         {
            typedef typename details::function_N_node<T,ifunction_t,N> function_N_node_t;
            expression_node_ptr result = synthesize_expression<function_N_node_t,N>(f,b);

            if (0 == result)
               return error_node();
            else
            {
               // Can the function call be completely optimized?
               if (details::is_constant_node(result))
                  return result;
               else if (!all_nodes_valid(b))
                  return error_node();
               else if (N != f->param_count)
               {
                  details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,b);

                  return error_node();
               }

               function_N_node_t* func_node_ptr = static_cast<function_N_node_t*>(result);

               if (func_node_ptr->init_branches(b))
                  return result;
               else
               {
                  details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,b);

                  return error_node();
               }
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr function(ifunction_t* f)
         {
            typedef typename details::function_N_node<Type,ifunction_t,0> function_N_node_t;
            return node_allocator_->allocate<function_N_node_t>(f);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr vararg_function_call(ivararg_function_t* vaf,
                                                         std::vector<expression_node_ptr>& arg_list)
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(arg_list))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);

               return error_node();
            }

            typedef details::vararg_function_node<Type,ivararg_function_t> alloc_type;

            expression_node_ptr result = node_allocator_->allocate<alloc_type>(vaf,arg_list);

            if (
                 !arg_list.empty()        &&
                 !vaf->has_side_effects() &&
                 is_constant_foldable(arg_list)
               )
            {
               Type v = result->value();
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,result);
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
            }

            parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("vararg_function_call()");

            return result;
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr generic_function_call(igeneric_function_t* gf,
                                                          std::vector<expression_node_ptr>& arg_list,
                                                          const std::size_t& param_seq_index = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max())
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(arg_list))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }

            typedef details::generic_function_node     <Type,igeneric_function_t> alloc_type1;
            typedef details::multimode_genfunction_node<Type,igeneric_function_t> alloc_type2;

            const std::size_t no_psi = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();

            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (no_psi == param_seq_index)
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<alloc_type1>(arg_list,gf);
            else
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<alloc_type2>(gf,param_seq_index,arg_list);

            alloc_type1* genfunc_node_ptr = static_cast<alloc_type1*>(result);

            if (
                 !arg_list.empty()       &&
                 !gf->has_side_effects() &&
                 is_constant_foldable(arg_list)
               )
            {
               genfunc_node_ptr->init_branches();
               Type v = result->value();
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,result);
               return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
            }
            else if (genfunc_node_ptr->init_branches())
            {
               parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("generic_function_call()");
               return result;
            }
            else
            {
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,result);
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr string_function_call(igeneric_function_t* gf,
                                                         std::vector<expression_node_ptr>& arg_list,
                                                         const std::size_t& param_seq_index = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max())
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(arg_list))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }

            typedef details::string_function_node      <Type,igeneric_function_t> alloc_type1;
            typedef details::multimode_strfunction_node<Type,igeneric_function_t> alloc_type2;

            const std::size_t no_psi = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();

            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (no_psi == param_seq_index)
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<alloc_type1>(gf,arg_list);
            else
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<alloc_type2>(gf,param_seq_index,arg_list);

            alloc_type1* strfunc_node_ptr = static_cast<alloc_type1*>(result);

            if (
                 !arg_list.empty()       &&
                 !gf->has_side_effects() &&
                 is_constant_foldable(arg_list)
               )
            {
               strfunc_node_ptr->init_branches();
               Type v = result->value();
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,result);
               return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
            }
            else if (strfunc_node_ptr->init_branches())
            {
               parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("string_function_call()");
               return result;
            }
            else
            {
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,result);
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr return_call(std::vector<expression_node_ptr>& arg_list)
         {
            if (!all_nodes_valid(arg_list))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }

            typedef details::return_node<Type> alloc_type;

            expression_node_ptr result = node_allocator_->
                                            allocate_rr<alloc_type>(arg_list,parser_->results_ctx());

            alloc_type* return_node_ptr = static_cast<alloc_type*>(result);

            if (return_node_ptr->init_branches())
            {
               parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("return_call()");
               return result;
            }
            else
            {
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,result);
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,arg_list);
               return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr return_envelope(expression_node_ptr body,
                                                    results_context_t* rc,
                                                    bool*& return_invoked)
         {
            typedef details::return_envelope_node<Type> alloc_type;

            expression_node_ptr result = node_allocator_->
                                            allocate_cr<alloc_type>(body,(*rc));

            return_invoked = static_cast<alloc_type*>(result)->retinvk_ptr();

            return result;
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr vector_element(const std::string& symbol,
                                                   vector_holder_ptr vector_base,
                                                   expression_node_ptr index)
         {
            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (details::is_constant_node(index))
            {
               std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(details::numeric::to_int64(index->value()));
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,index);
               Type* v = (*vector_base)[i];

               scope_element& se = parser_->sem_.get_element(symbol,i);

               if (se.index == i)
               {
                  result = se.var_node;
               }
               else
               {
                  scope_element nse;
                  nse.name      = symbol;
                  nse.active    = true;
                  nse.ref_count = 1;
                  nse.type      = scope_element::e_vecelem;
                  nse.index     = i;
                  nse.depth     = parser_->state_.scope_depth;
                  nse.data      = 0;
                  nse.var_node  = new variable_node_t((*v));

                  if (!parser_->sem_.add_element(nse))
                  {
                     parser_->set_synthesis_error("Failed to add new local vector element to SEM [1]");

                     parser_->sem_.free_element(nse);

                     result = error_node();
                  }

                  exprtk_debug(("vector_element() - INFO - Added new local vector element: %s\n",nse.name.c_str()));

                  parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("vector_element()");

                  result = nse.var_node;
               }
            }
            else
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::vector_elem_node<Type> >(index,(*vector_base)[0]);

            return result;
         }

      private:

         template <std::size_t N, typename NodePtr>
         inline bool is_constant_foldable(NodePtr (&b)[N]) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
            {
               if (0 == b[i])
                  return false;
               else if (!details::is_constant_node(b[i]))
                  return false;
            }

            return true;
         }

         template <typename NodePtr,
                   typename Allocator,
                   template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
         inline bool is_constant_foldable(const Sequence<NodePtr,Allocator>& b) const
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (0 == b[i])
                  return false;
               else if (!details::is_constant_node(b[i]))
                  return false;
            }

            return true;
         }

         void lodge_assignment(symbol_type cst, expression_node_ptr node)
         {
            parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("lodge_assignment()");

            if (!parser_->dec_.collect_assignments())
               return;

            std::string symbol_name;

            switch (cst)
            {
               case e_st_variable : symbol_name = parser_->symtab_store_
                                                     .get_variable_name(node);
                                    break;

               #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
               case e_st_string   : symbol_name = parser_->symtab_store_
                                                     .get_stringvar_name(node);
                                    break;
               #endif

               case e_st_vector   : {
                                       typedef details::vector_holder<T> vector_holder_t;

                                       vector_holder_t& vh = static_cast<vector_node_t*>(node)->ref();

                                       symbol_name = parser_->symtab_store_.get_vector_name(&vh);
                                    }
                                    break;

               default            : return;
            }

            if (!symbol_name.empty())
            {
               parser_->dec_.add_assignment(symbol_name,cst);
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_assignment_expression(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if (details::is_variable_node(branch[0]))
            {
               lodge_assignment(e_st_variable,branch[0]);

               return synthesize_expression<assignment_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            }
            else if (details::is_vector_elem_node(branch[0]))
               return synthesize_expression<assignment_vec_elem_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            else if (details::is_string_node(branch[0]))
            {
               lodge_assignment(e_st_string,branch[0]);

               return synthesize_expression<assignment_string_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            }
            else if (details::is_string_range_node(branch[0]))
            {
               lodge_assignment(e_st_string,branch[0]);

               return synthesize_expression<assignment_string_range_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            }
            #endif
            else if (details::is_vector_node(branch[0]))
            {
               lodge_assignment(e_st_vector,branch[0]);

               if (details::is_ivector_node(branch[1]))
                  return synthesize_expression<assignment_vecvec_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
              else
                  return synthesize_expression<assignment_vec_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            }
            else
            {
               parser_->set_synthesis_error("Invalid assignment operation.[1]");

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_assignment_operation_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                                               expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if (details::is_variable_node(branch[0]))
            {
               lodge_assignment(e_st_variable,branch[0]);

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                  \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                         \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::assignment_op_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                           \

                  case_stmt(details::e_addass,details::add_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_subass,details::sub_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_mulass,details::mul_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_divass,details::div_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_modass,details::mod_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else if (details::is_vector_elem_node(branch[0]))
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                            \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                                   \
                                 template allocate_rrr<typename details::assignment_vec_elem_op_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                    (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                                    \

                  case_stmt(details::e_addass,details::add_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_subass,details::sub_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_mulass,details::mul_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_divass,details::div_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_modass,details::mod_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else if (details::is_vector_node(branch[0]))
            {
               lodge_assignment(e_st_vector,branch[0]);

               if (details::is_ivector_node(branch[1]))
               {
                  switch (operation)
                  {
                     #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                         \
                     case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                                \
                                   template allocate_rrr<typename details::assignment_vecvec_op_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                      (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                                  \

                     case_stmt(details::e_addass,details::add_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_subass,details::sub_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_mulass,details::mul_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_divass,details::div_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_modass,details::mod_op)
                     #undef case_stmt
                     default : return error_node();
                  }
               }
               else
               {
                  switch (operation)
                  {
                     #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                      \
                     case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                             \
                                   template allocate_rrr<typename details::assignment_vec_op_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                      (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                               \

                     case_stmt(details::e_addass,details::add_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_subass,details::sub_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_mulass,details::mul_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_divass,details::div_op)
                     case_stmt(details::e_modass,details::mod_op)
                     #undef case_stmt
                     default : return error_node();
                  }
               }
            }
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            else if (
                      (details::e_addass == operation) &&
                      details::is_string_node(branch[0])
                    )
            {
               typedef details::assignment_string_node<T,details::asn_addassignment> addass_t;

               lodge_assignment(e_st_string,branch[0]);

               return synthesize_expression<addass_t,2>(operation,branch);
            }
            #endif
            else
            {
               parser_->set_synthesis_error("Invalid assignment operation[2]");

               return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_veceqineq_operation_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                                              expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const bool is_b0_ivec = details::is_ivector_node(branch[0]);
            const bool is_b1_ivec = details::is_ivector_node(branch[1]);

            if (is_b0_ivec && is_b1_ivec)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                  \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                         \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::eqineq_vecvec_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                           \

                  case_stmt(details::  e_lt,details::  lt_op)
                  case_stmt(details:: e_lte,details:: lte_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_gt,details::  gt_op)
                  case_stmt(details:: e_gte,details:: gte_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_eq,details::  eq_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_ne,details::  ne_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else if (is_b0_ivec && !is_b1_ivec)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                  \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                         \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::eqineq_vecval_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                           \

                  case_stmt(details::  e_lt,details::  lt_op)
                  case_stmt(details:: e_lte,details:: lte_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_gt,details::  gt_op)
                  case_stmt(details:: e_gte,details:: gte_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_eq,details::  eq_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_ne,details::  ne_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else if (!is_b0_ivec && is_b1_ivec)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                  \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                         \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::eqineq_valvec_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                           \

                  case_stmt(details::  e_lt,details::  lt_op)
                  case_stmt(details:: e_lte,details:: lte_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_gt,details::  gt_op)
                  case_stmt(details:: e_gte,details:: gte_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_eq,details::  eq_op)
                  case_stmt(details::  e_ne,details::  ne_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else
               return error_node();
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_vecarithmetic_operation_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                                                  expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const bool is_b0_ivec = details::is_ivector_node(branch[0]);
            const bool is_b1_ivec = details::is_ivector_node(branch[1]);

            #define vector_ops                        \
            case_stmt(details::e_add,details::add_op) \
            case_stmt(details::e_sub,details::sub_op) \
            case_stmt(details::e_mul,details::mul_op) \
            case_stmt(details::e_div,details::div_op) \
            case_stmt(details::e_mod,details::mod_op) \

            if (is_b0_ivec && is_b1_ivec)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                    \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                           \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::vecarith_vecvec_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                             \

                  vector_ops
                  case_stmt(details::e_pow,details:: pow_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else if (is_b0_ivec && !is_b1_ivec)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                    \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                           \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::vecarith_vecval_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                             \

                  vector_ops
                  case_stmt(details::e_pow,details:: pow_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else if (!is_b0_ivec && is_b1_ivec)
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                    \
                  case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                           \
                                template allocate_rrr<typename details::vecarith_valvec_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (operation,branch[0],branch[1]);                                             \

                  vector_ops
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
            else
               return error_node();

            #undef vector_ops
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_swap_expression(expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const bool v0_is_ivar = details::is_ivariable_node(branch[0]);
            const bool v1_is_ivar = details::is_ivariable_node(branch[1]);

            const bool v0_is_ivec = details::is_ivector_node(branch[0]);
            const bool v1_is_ivec = details::is_ivector_node(branch[1]);

            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            const bool v0_is_str = details::is_generally_string_node(branch[0]);
            const bool v1_is_str = details::is_generally_string_node(branch[1]);
            #endif

            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (v0_is_ivar && v1_is_ivar)
            {
               typedef details::variable_node<T>* variable_node_ptr;

               variable_node_ptr v0 = variable_node_ptr(0);
               variable_node_ptr v1 = variable_node_ptr(0);

               if (
                    (0 != (v0 = dynamic_cast<variable_node_ptr>(branch[0]))) &&
                    (0 != (v1 = dynamic_cast<variable_node_ptr>(branch[1])))
                  )
               {
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::swap_node<T> >(v0,v1);
               }
               else
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::swap_generic_node<T> >(branch[0],branch[1]);
            }
            else if (v0_is_ivec && v1_is_ivec)
            {
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::swap_vecvec_node<T> >(branch[0],branch[1]);
            }
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            else if (v0_is_str && v1_is_str)
            {
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<details::swap_string_node<T> >(branch[0],branch[1]);
            }
            #endif
            else
            {
               parser_->set_synthesis_error("Only variables, strings, vectors or vector elements can be swapped");

               return error_node();
            }

            parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("synthesize_swap_expression()");

            return result;
         }

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_sc_andor
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_shortcircuit_expression(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (details::is_constant_node(branch[0]))
            {
               if (
                    (details::e_scand == operation) &&
                    std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),branch[0]->value())
                  )
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(0));
               else if (
                         (details::e_scor == operation) &&
                         std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),branch[0]->value())
                       )
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(1));
            }

            if (details::is_constant_node(branch[1]) && (0 == result))
            {
               if (
                    (details::e_scand == operation) &&
                    std::equal_to<T>()(T(0),branch[1]->value())
                  )
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(0));
               else if (
                         (details::e_scor == operation) &&
                         std::not_equal_to<T>()(T(0),branch[1]->value())
                       )
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(1));
            }

            if (result)
            {
               free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
               free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

               return result;
            }
            else if (details::e_scand == operation)
               return synthesize_expression<scand_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            else if (details::e_scor == operation)
               return synthesize_expression<scor_node_t,2>(operation,branch);
            else
               return error_node();
         }
         #else
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_shortcircuit_expression(const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&)[2])
         {
            return error_node();
         }
         #endif

         #define basic_opr_switch_statements       \
         case_stmt(details::e_add,details::add_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_sub,details::sub_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_mul,details::mul_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_div,details::div_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_mod,details::mod_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_pow,details::pow_op) \

         #define extended_opr_switch_statements      \
         case_stmt(details::  e_lt,details::  lt_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_lte,details:: lte_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_gt,details::  gt_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_gte,details:: gte_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_eq,details::  eq_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_ne,details::  ne_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_and,details:: and_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_nand,details::nand_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_or,details::  or_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_nor,details:: nor_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_xor,details:: xor_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_xnor,details::xnor_op) \

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_cardinal_pow_optimisation
         template <template <typename,typename> class IPowNode>
         inline expression_node_ptr cardinal_pow_optimization_impl(const T& v, const unsigned int& p)
         {
            switch (p)
            {
               #define case_stmt(cp)                                                     \
               case cp : return node_allocator_->                                        \
                            allocate<IPowNode<T,details::numeric::fast_exp<T,cp> > >(v); \

               case_stmt( 1) case_stmt( 2) case_stmt( 3) case_stmt( 4)
               case_stmt( 5) case_stmt( 6) case_stmt( 7) case_stmt( 8)
               case_stmt( 9) case_stmt(10) case_stmt(11) case_stmt(12)
               case_stmt(13) case_stmt(14) case_stmt(15) case_stmt(16)
               case_stmt(17) case_stmt(18) case_stmt(19) case_stmt(20)
               case_stmt(21) case_stmt(22) case_stmt(23) case_stmt(24)
               case_stmt(25) case_stmt(26) case_stmt(27) case_stmt(28)
               case_stmt(29) case_stmt(30) case_stmt(31) case_stmt(32)
               case_stmt(33) case_stmt(34) case_stmt(35) case_stmt(36)
               case_stmt(37) case_stmt(38) case_stmt(39) case_stmt(40)
               case_stmt(41) case_stmt(42) case_stmt(43) case_stmt(44)
               case_stmt(45) case_stmt(46) case_stmt(47) case_stmt(48)
               case_stmt(49) case_stmt(50) case_stmt(51) case_stmt(52)
               case_stmt(53) case_stmt(54) case_stmt(55) case_stmt(56)
               case_stmt(57) case_stmt(58) case_stmt(59) case_stmt(60)
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr cardinal_pow_optimization(const T& v, const T& c)
         {
            const bool not_recipricol = (c >= T(0));
            const int p = details::numeric::to_int32(details::numeric::abs(c));

            if (0 == p)
               return node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(1));
            else if (std::equal_to<T>()(T(2),c))
            {
               return node_allocator_->
                  template allocate_rr<typename details::vov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v,v);
            }
            else
            {
               if (not_recipricol)
                  return cardinal_pow_optimization_impl<details::ipow_node>(v,p);
               else
                  return cardinal_pow_optimization_impl<details::ipowinv_node>(v,p);
            }
         }

         inline bool cardinal_pow_optimizable(const details::operator_type& operation, const T& c)
         {
            return (details::e_pow == operation) && (details::numeric::abs(c) <= T(60)) && details::numeric::is_integer(c);
         }
         #else
         inline expression_node_ptr cardinal_pow_optimization(T&, const T&)
         {
            return error_node();
         }

         inline bool cardinal_pow_optimizable(const details::operator_type&, const T&)
         {
            return false;
         }
         #endif

         struct synthesize_binary_ext_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const bool left_neg  = is_neg_unary_node(branch[0]);
               const bool right_neg = is_neg_unary_node(branch[1]);

               if (left_neg && right_neg)
               {
                  if (
                       (details::e_add == operation) ||
                       (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                       (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                       (details::e_div == operation)
                     )
                  {
                     if (
                          !expr_gen.parser_->simplify_unary_negation_branch(branch[0]) ||
                          !expr_gen.parser_->simplify_unary_negation_branch(branch[1])
                        )
                     {
                        details::free_all_nodes(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch);

                        return error_node();
                     }
                  }

                  switch (operation)
                  {
                                           // -f(x + 1) + -g(y + 1) --> -(f(x + 1) + g(y + 1))
                     case details::e_add : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                              expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                 template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >
                                                    (branch[0],branch[1]));

                                           // -f(x + 1) - -g(y + 1) --> g(y + 1) - f(x + 1)
                     case details::e_sub : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                              template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >
                                                 (branch[1],branch[0]);

                     default             : break;
                  }
               }
               else if (left_neg && !right_neg)
               {
                  if (
                       (details::e_add == operation) ||
                       (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                       (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                       (details::e_div == operation)
                     )
                  {
                     if (!expr_gen.parser_->simplify_unary_negation_branch(branch[0]))
                     {
                        details::free_all_nodes(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch);

                        return error_node();
                     }

                     switch (operation)
                     {
                                              // -f(x + 1) + g(y + 1) --> g(y + 1) - f(x + 1)
                        case details::e_add : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                 template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >
                                                   (branch[1],branch[0]);

                                              // -f(x + 1) - g(y + 1) --> -(f(x + 1) + g(y + 1))
                        case details::e_sub : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                 expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >
                                                       (branch[0],branch[1]));

                                              // -f(x + 1) * g(y + 1) --> -(f(x + 1) * g(y + 1))
                        case details::e_mul : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                 expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >
                                                       (branch[0],branch[1]));

                                              // -f(x + 1) / g(y + 1) --> -(f(x + 1) / g(y + 1))
                        case details::e_div : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                 expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                                       (branch[0],branch[1]));

                        default             : return error_node();
                     }
                  }
               }
               else if (!left_neg && right_neg)
               {
                  if (
                       (details::e_add == operation) ||
                       (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                       (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                       (details::e_div == operation)
                     )
                  {
                     if (!expr_gen.parser_->simplify_unary_negation_branch(branch[1]))
                     {
                        details::free_all_nodes(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch);

                        return error_node();
                     }

                     switch (operation)
                     {
                                              // f(x + 1) + -g(y + 1) --> f(x + 1) - g(y + 1)
                        case details::e_add : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                 template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >
                                                   (branch[0],branch[1]);

                                              // f(x + 1) - - g(y + 1) --> f(x + 1) + g(y + 1)
                        case details::e_sub : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                 template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >
                                                   (branch[0],branch[1]);

                                              // f(x + 1) * -g(y + 1) --> -(f(x + 1) * g(y + 1))
                        case details::e_mul : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                 expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >
                                                       (branch[0],branch[1]));

                                              // f(x + 1) / -g(y + 1) --> -(f(x + 1) / g(y + 1))
                        case details::e_div : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                 expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                                       (branch[0],branch[1]));

                        default             : return error_node();
                     }
                  }
               }

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                           \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                         \
                                template allocate<typename details::binary_ext_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (branch[0],branch[1]);                                              \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vob_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type& v = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();

               #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
               if (details::is_sf3ext_node(branch[1]))
               {
                  expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

                  if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile_right<vtype>(expr_gen,v,operation,branch[1],result))
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     return result;
                  }
               }
               #endif

               if (
                    (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                    (details::e_div == operation)
                  )
               {
                  if (details::is_uv_node(branch[1]))
                  {
                     typedef details::uv_base_node<Type>* uvbn_ptr_t;

                     details::operator_type o = static_cast<uvbn_ptr_t>(branch[1])->operation();

                     if (details::e_neg == o)
                     {
                        const Type& v1 = static_cast<uvbn_ptr_t>(branch[1])->v();

                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);

                        switch (operation)
                        {
                           case details::e_mul : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                    expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                       template allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                          vov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v,v1));

                           case details::e_div : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                    expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                       template allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                          vov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(v,v1));

                           default             : break;
                        }
                     }
                  }
               }

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_rc<typename details::vob_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (v,branch[1]);                                                  \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_bov_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type& v = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();

               #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
               if (details::is_sf3ext_node(branch[0]))
               {
                  expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

                  if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile_left<vtype>(expr_gen,v,operation,branch[0],result))
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);
                     return result;
                  }
               }
               #endif

               if (
                    (details::e_add == operation) ||
                    (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                    (details::e_mul == operation) ||
                    (details::e_div == operation)
                  )
               {
                  if (details::is_uv_node(branch[0]))
                  {
                     typedef details::uv_base_node<Type>* uvbn_ptr_t;

                     details::operator_type o = static_cast<uvbn_ptr_t>(branch[0])->operation();

                     if (details::e_neg == o)
                     {
                        const Type& v0 = static_cast<uvbn_ptr_t>(branch[0])->v();

                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);

                        switch (operation)
                        {
                           case details::e_add : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                       vov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(v,v0);

                           case details::e_sub : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                    expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                       template allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                          vov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(v0,v));

                           case details::e_mul : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                    expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                       template allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                          vov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v0,v));

                           case details::e_div : return expr_gen(details::e_neg,
                                                    expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                       template allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                          vov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(v0,v));
                           default : break;
                        }
                     }
                  }
               }

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_cr<typename details::bov_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (branch[0],v);                                                  \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_cob_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);

               if (details::is_cob_node(branch[1]))
               {
                  // Simplify expressions of the form:
                  // 1. (1 * (2 * (3 * (4 * (5 * (6 * (7 * (8 * (9 + x))))))))) --> 40320 * (9 + x)
                  // 2. (1 + (2 + (3 + (4 + (5 + (6 + (7 + (8 + (9 + x))))))))) --> 45 + x
                  if (
                       (operation == details::e_mul) ||
                       (operation == details::e_add)
                     )
                  {
                     details::cob_base_node<Type>* cobnode = static_cast<details::cob_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);

                     if (operation == cobnode->operation())
                     {
                        switch (operation)
                        {
                           case details::e_add : cobnode->set_c(c + cobnode->c()); break;
                           case details::e_mul : cobnode->set_c(c * cobnode->c()); break;
                           default             : return error_node();
                        }

                        return cobnode;
                     }
                  }

                  if (operation == details::e_mul)
                  {
                     details::cob_base_node<Type>* cobnode = static_cast<details::cob_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
                     details::operator_type cob_opr = cobnode->operation();

                     if (
                          (details::e_div == cob_opr) ||
                          (details::e_mul == cob_opr)
                        )
                     {
                        switch (cob_opr)
                        {
                           case details::e_div : cobnode->set_c(c * cobnode->c()); break;
                           case details::e_mul : cobnode->set_c(cobnode->c() / c); break;
                           default             : return error_node();
                        }

                        return cobnode;
                     }
                  }
                  else if (operation == details::e_div)
                  {
                     details::cob_base_node<Type>* cobnode = static_cast<details::cob_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
                     details::operator_type cob_opr = cobnode->operation();

                     if (
                          (details::e_div == cob_opr) ||
                          (details::e_mul == cob_opr)
                        )
                     {
                        details::expression_node<Type>* new_cobnode = error_node();

                        switch (cob_opr)
                        {
                           case details::e_div : new_cobnode = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >
                                                       (c / cobnode->c(),cobnode->move_branch(0));
                                                 break;

                           case details::e_mul : new_cobnode = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                                       (c / cobnode->c(),cobnode->move_branch(0));
                                                 break;

                           default             : return error_node();
                        }

                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);

                        return new_cobnode;
                     }
                  }
               }
               #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
               else if (details::is_sf3ext_node(branch[1]))
               {
                  expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

                  if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile_right<ctype>(expr_gen,c,operation,branch[1],result))
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);

                     return result;
                  }
               }
               #endif

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (c,branch[1]);                                                  \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_boc_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               if (details::is_boc_node(branch[0]))
               {
                  // Simplify expressions of the form:
                  // 1. (((((((((x + 9) * 8) * 7) * 6) * 5) * 4) * 3) * 2) * 1) --> (x + 9) * 40320
                  // 2. (((((((((x + 9) + 8) + 7) + 6) + 5) + 4) + 3) + 2) + 1) --> x + 45
                  if (
                       (operation == details::e_mul) ||
                       (operation == details::e_add)
                     )
                  {
                     details::boc_base_node<Type>* bocnode = static_cast<details::boc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);

                     if (operation == bocnode->operation())
                     {
                        switch (operation)
                        {
                           case details::e_add : bocnode->set_c(c + bocnode->c()); break;
                           case details::e_mul : bocnode->set_c(c * bocnode->c()); break;
                           default             : return error_node();
                        }

                        return bocnode;
                     }
                  }
                  else if (operation == details::e_div)
                  {
                     details::boc_base_node<Type>* bocnode = static_cast<details::boc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
                     details::operator_type boc_opr = bocnode->operation();

                     if (
                          (details::e_div == boc_opr) ||
                          (details::e_mul == boc_opr)
                        )
                     {
                        switch (boc_opr)
                        {
                           case details::e_div : bocnode->set_c(c * bocnode->c()); break;
                           case details::e_mul : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() / c); break;
                           default             : return error_node();
                        }

                        return bocnode;
                     }
                  }
               }

               #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
               if (details::is_sf3ext_node(branch[0]))
               {
                  expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

                  if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile_left<ctype>(expr_gen,c,operation,branch[0],result))
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);

                     return result;
                  }
               }
               #endif

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_cr<typename details::boc_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (branch[0],c);                                                  \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_cocob_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               // (cob) o c --> cob
               if (details::is_cob_node(branch[0]))
               {
                  details::cob_base_node<Type>* cobnode = static_cast<details::cob_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
                  const Type c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();

                  bool op_addsub = (details::e_add == cobnode->operation()) ||
                                   (details::e_sub == cobnode->operation());

                  if (op_addsub)
                  {
                     switch (operation)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : cobnode->set_c(cobnode->c() + c); break;
                        case details::e_sub : cobnode->set_c(cobnode->c() - c); break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     result = cobnode;
                  }
                  else if (details::e_mul == cobnode->operation())
                  {
                     switch (operation)
                     {
                        case details::e_mul : cobnode->set_c(cobnode->c() * c); break;
                        case details::e_div : cobnode->set_c(cobnode->c() / c); break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     result = cobnode;
                  }
                  else if (details::e_div == cobnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_mul == operation)
                     {
                        cobnode->set_c(cobnode->c() * c);
                        result = cobnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_div == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                       (cobnode->c() / c,cobnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);
                     }
                  }

                  if (result)
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                  }
               }

               // c o (cob) --> cob
               else if (details::is_cob_node(branch[1]))
               {
                  details::cob_base_node<Type>* cobnode = static_cast<details::cob_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
                  const Type c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();

                  if (details::e_add == cobnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_add == operation)
                     {
                        cobnode->set_c(c + cobnode->c());
                        result = cobnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_sub == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >
                                       (c - cobnode->c(),cobnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_sub == cobnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_add == operation)
                     {
                        cobnode->set_c(c + cobnode->c());
                        result = cobnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_sub == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >
                                       (c - cobnode->c(),cobnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_mul == cobnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_mul == operation)
                     {
                        cobnode->set_c(c * cobnode->c());
                        result = cobnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_div == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                       (c / cobnode->c(),cobnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_div == cobnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_mul == operation)
                     {
                        cobnode->set_c(c * cobnode->c());
                        result = cobnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_div == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >
                                       (c / cobnode->c(),cobnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }

                  if (result)
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);
                  }
               }

               return result;
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_coboc_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               // (boc) o c --> boc
               if (details::is_boc_node(branch[0]))
               {
                  details::boc_base_node<Type>* bocnode = static_cast<details::boc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
                  const Type c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();

                  if (details::e_add == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     switch (operation)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() + c); break;
                        case details::e_sub : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() - c); break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     result = bocnode;
                  }
                  else if (details::e_mul == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     switch (operation)
                     {
                        case details::e_mul : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() * c); break;
                        case details::e_div : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() / c); break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     result = bocnode;
                  }
                  else if (details::e_sub == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_add == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::boc_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >
                                       (bocnode->move_branch(0),c - bocnode->c());
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);
                     }
                     else if (details::e_sub == operation)
                     {
                        bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() + c);
                        result = bocnode;
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_div == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     switch (operation)
                     {
                        case details::e_div : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() * c); break;
                        case details::e_mul : bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() / c); break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     result = bocnode;
                  }

                  if (result)
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                  }
               }

               // c o (boc) --> boc
               else if (details::is_boc_node(branch[1]))
               {
                  details::boc_base_node<Type>* bocnode = static_cast<details::boc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
                  const Type c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();

                  if (details::e_add == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_add == operation)
                     {
                        bocnode->set_c(c + bocnode->c());
                        result = bocnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_sub == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >
                                       (c - bocnode->c(),bocnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_sub == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_add == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::boc_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >
                                       (bocnode->move_branch(0),c - bocnode->c());
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                     else if (details::e_sub == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >
                                       (c + bocnode->c(),bocnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_mul == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_mul == operation)
                     {
                        bocnode->set_c(c * bocnode->c());
                        result = bocnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_div == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                       (c / bocnode->c(),bocnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }
                  else if (details::e_div == bocnode->operation())
                  {
                     if (details::e_mul == operation)
                     {
                        bocnode->set_c(bocnode->c() / c);
                        result = bocnode;
                     }
                     else if (details::e_div == operation)
                     {
                        result = expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                                    template allocate_tt<typename details::cob_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >
                                       (c * bocnode->c(),bocnode->move_branch(0));
                        free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[1]);
                     }
                  }

                  if (result)
                  {
                     free_node(*expr_gen.node_allocator_,branch[0]);
                  }
               }

               return result;
            }
         };

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_enhanced_features
         inline bool synthesize_expression(const details::operator_type& operation,
                                           expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2],
                                           expression_node_ptr& result)
         {
            result = error_node();

            if (!operation_optimizable(operation))
               return false;

            const std::string node_id = branch_to_id(branch);
            typename synthesize_map_t::iterator itr = synthesize_map_.find(node_id);

            if (synthesize_map_.end() != itr)
            {
               result = itr->second(*this,operation,branch);

               return true;
            }
            else
               return false;
         }

         struct synthesize_vov_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_rr<typename details::vov_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (v1,v2);                                                        \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_cov_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type  c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*> (branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (c,v);                                                          \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_voc_expression
         {
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               const Type& v = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type  c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*> (branch[1])->value();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               if (expr_gen.cardinal_pow_optimizable(operation,c))
               {
                  if (std::equal_to<T>()(T(1),c))
                     return branch[0];
                  else
                     return expr_gen.cardinal_pow_optimization(v,c);
               }

               switch (operation)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
                  case op0 : return expr_gen.node_allocator_->                                     \
                                template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,op1<Type> > > \
                                   (v,c);                                                          \

                  basic_opr_switch_statements
                  extended_opr_switch_statements
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_sf3ext_expression
         {
            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& sf3opr,
                                                      T0 t0, T1 t1, T2 t2)
            {
               switch (sf3opr)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                          \
                  case op0 : return details::T0oT1oT2_sf3ext<T,T0,T1,T2,op1<Type> >:: \
                                allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),t0,t1,t2);       \

                  case_stmt(details::e_sf00,details::sf00_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf01,details::sf01_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf02,details::sf02_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf03,details::sf03_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf04,details::sf04_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf05,details::sf05_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf06,details::sf06_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf07,details::sf07_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf08,details::sf08_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf09,details::sf09_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf10,details::sf10_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf11,details::sf11_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf12,details::sf12_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf13,details::sf13_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf14,details::sf14_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf15,details::sf15_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf16,details::sf16_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf17,details::sf17_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf18,details::sf18_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf19,details::sf19_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf20,details::sf20_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf21,details::sf21_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf22,details::sf22_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf23,details::sf23_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf24,details::sf24_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf25,details::sf25_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf26,details::sf26_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf27,details::sf27_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf28,details::sf28_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf29,details::sf29_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf30,details::sf30_op)
                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
            static inline bool compile(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen, const std::string& id,
                                       T0 t0, T1 t1, T2 t2,
                                       expression_node_ptr& result)
            {
               details::operator_type sf3opr;

               if (!expr_gen.sf3_optimizable(id,sf3opr))
                  return false;
               else
                  result = synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template process<T0,T1,T2>(expr_gen,sf3opr,t0,t1,t2);

               return true;
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_sf4ext_expression
         {
            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& sf4opr,
                                                      T0 t0, T1 t1, T2 t2, T3 t3)
            {
               switch (sf4opr)
               {
                  #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                   \
                  case op0 : return details::T0oT1oT2oT3_sf4ext<Type,T0,T1,T2,T3,op1<Type> >:: \
                                allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),t0,t1,t2,t3);             \

                  case_stmt(details::e_sf48,details::sf48_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf49,details::sf49_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf50,details::sf50_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf51,details::sf51_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf52,details::sf52_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf53,details::sf53_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf54,details::sf54_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf55,details::sf55_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf56,details::sf56_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf57,details::sf57_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf58,details::sf58_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf59,details::sf59_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf60,details::sf60_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf61,details::sf61_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf62,details::sf62_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf63,details::sf63_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf64,details::sf64_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf65,details::sf65_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf66,details::sf66_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf67,details::sf67_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf68,details::sf68_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf69,details::sf69_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf70,details::sf70_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf71,details::sf71_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf72,details::sf72_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf73,details::sf73_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf74,details::sf74_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf75,details::sf75_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf76,details::sf76_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf77,details::sf77_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf78,details::sf78_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf79,details::sf79_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf80,details::sf80_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf81,details::sf81_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf82,details::sf82_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf83,details::sf83_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext00,details::sfext00_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext01,details::sfext01_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext02,details::sfext02_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext03,details::sfext03_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext04,details::sfext04_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext05,details::sfext05_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext06,details::sfext06_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext07,details::sfext07_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext08,details::sfext08_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext09,details::sfext09_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext10,details::sfext10_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext11,details::sfext11_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext12,details::sfext12_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext13,details::sfext13_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext14,details::sfext14_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext15,details::sfext15_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext16,details::sfext16_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext17,details::sfext17_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext18,details::sfext18_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext19,details::sfext19_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext20,details::sfext20_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext21,details::sfext21_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext22,details::sfext22_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext23,details::sfext23_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext24,details::sfext24_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext25,details::sfext25_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext26,details::sfext26_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext27,details::sfext27_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext28,details::sfext28_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext29,details::sfext29_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext30,details::sfext30_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext31,details::sfext31_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext32,details::sfext32_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext33,details::sfext33_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext34,details::sfext34_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext35,details::sfext35_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext36,details::sfext36_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext37,details::sfext37_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext38,details::sfext38_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext39,details::sfext39_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext40,details::sfext40_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext41,details::sfext41_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext42,details::sfext42_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext43,details::sfext43_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext44,details::sfext44_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext45,details::sfext45_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext46,details::sfext46_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext47,details::sfext47_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext48,details::sfext48_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext49,details::sfext49_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext50,details::sfext50_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext51,details::sfext51_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext52,details::sfext52_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext53,details::sfext53_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext54,details::sfext54_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext55,details::sfext55_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext56,details::sfext56_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext57,details::sfext57_op)
                  case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext58,details::sfext58_op) case_stmt(details::e_sf4ext59,details::sfext59_op)

                  #undef case_stmt
                  default : return error_node();
               }
            }

            template <typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
            static inline bool compile(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen, const std::string& id,
                                       T0 t0, T1 t1, T2 t2, T3 t3,
                                       expression_node_ptr& result)
            {
               details::operator_type sf4opr;

               if (!expr_gen.sf4_optimizable(id,sf4opr))
                  return false;
               else
                  result = synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template process<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,sf4opr,t0,t1,t2,t3);

               return true;
            }

            // T o (sf3ext)
            template <typename ExternalType>
            static inline bool compile_right(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                             ExternalType t,
                                             const details::operator_type& operation,
                                             expression_node_ptr& sf3node,
                                             expression_node_ptr& result)
            {
               if (!details::is_sf3ext_node(sf3node))
                  return false;

               typedef details::T0oT1oT2_base_node<Type>* sf3ext_base_ptr;

               sf3ext_base_ptr n = static_cast<sf3ext_base_ptr>(sf3node);
               std::string id = "t" + expr_gen.to_str(operation) + "(" + n->type_id() + ")";

               switch (n->type())
               {
                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_covoc : return compile_right_impl
                                                                    <typename covoc_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,ctype,vtype,ctype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_covov : return compile_right_impl
                                                                    <typename covov_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,ctype,vtype,vtype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_vocov : return compile_right_impl
                                                                    <typename vocov_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,vtype,ctype,vtype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_vovoc : return compile_right_impl
                                                                    <typename vovoc_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,vtype,vtype,ctype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_vovov : return compile_right_impl
                                                                    <typename vovov_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,vtype,vtype,vtype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  default                                      : return false;
               }
            }

            // (sf3ext) o T
            template <typename ExternalType>
            static inline bool compile_left(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                            ExternalType t,
                                            const details::operator_type& operation,
                                            expression_node_ptr& sf3node,
                                            expression_node_ptr& result)
            {
               if (!details::is_sf3ext_node(sf3node))
                  return false;

               typedef details::T0oT1oT2_base_node<Type>* sf3ext_base_ptr;

               sf3ext_base_ptr n = static_cast<sf3ext_base_ptr>(sf3node);
               std::string id = "(" + n->type_id() + ")" + expr_gen.to_str(operation) + "t";

               switch (n->type())
               {
                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_covoc : return compile_left_impl
                                                                    <typename covoc_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,ctype,vtype,ctype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_covov : return compile_left_impl
                                                                    <typename covov_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,ctype,vtype,vtype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_vocov : return compile_left_impl
                                                                    <typename vocov_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,vtype,ctype,vtype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_vovoc : return compile_left_impl
                                                                    <typename vovoc_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,vtype,vtype,ctype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  case details::expression_node<Type>::e_vovov : return compile_left_impl
                                                                    <typename vovov_t::sf3_type_node,ExternalType,vtype,vtype,vtype>
                                                                       (expr_gen,id,t,sf3node,result);

                  default                                      : return false;
               }
            }

            template <typename SF3TypeNode, typename ExternalType, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
            static inline bool compile_right_impl(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                  const std::string& id,
                                                  ExternalType t,
                                                  expression_node_ptr& node,
                                                  expression_node_ptr& result)
            {
               SF3TypeNode* n = dynamic_cast<SF3TypeNode*>(node);

               if (n)
               {
                  T0 t0 = n->t0();
                  T1 t1 = n->t1();
                  T2 t2 = n->t2();

                  return synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<ExternalType,T0,T1,T2>(expr_gen,id,t,t0,t1,t2,result);
               }
               else
                  return false;
            }

            template <typename SF3TypeNode, typename ExternalType, typename T0, typename T1, typename T2>
            static inline bool compile_left_impl(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                 const std::string& id,
                                                 ExternalType t,
                                                 expression_node_ptr& node,
                                                 expression_node_ptr& result)
            {
               SF3TypeNode* n = dynamic_cast<SF3TypeNode*>(node);

               if (n)
               {
                  T0 t0 = n->t0();
                  T1 t1 = n->t1();
                  T2 t2 = n->t2();

                  return synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<T0,T1,T2,ExternalType>(expr_gen,id,t0,t1,t2,t,result);
               }
               else
                  return false;
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vovov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vovov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 v1) o1 (v2)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v1();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = vov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / v1) / v2 --> (vovov) v0 / (v1 * v2)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",v0,v1,v2,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) / v2 --> (vovov) v0 / (v1 * v2)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vovov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vovov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0) o0 (v1 o1 v2)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v2 = vov->v1();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = vov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // v0 / (v1 / v2) --> (vovov) (v0 * v2) / v1
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",v0,v2,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("v0 / (v1 / v2) --> (vovov) (v0 * v2) / v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovoc_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vovoc_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vovoc_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 v1) o1 (c)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v1();
               const Type   c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = vov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / v1) / c --> (vovoc) v0 / (v1 * c)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",v0,v1,c,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) / c --> (vovoc) v0 / (v1 * c)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v0,v1,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovoc_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vovoc_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vovoc_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0) o0 (v1 o1 c)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<const details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = voc->v();
               const Type   c = voc->c();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = voc->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // v0 / (v1 / c) --> (vocov) (v0 * c) / v1
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",v0,c,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("v0 / (v1 / c) --> (vocov) (v0 * c) / v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v0,v1,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vocov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vocov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 c) o1 (v1)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = voc->v();
               const Type   c = voc->c();
               const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = voc->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / c) / v1 --> (vovoc) v0 / (v1 * c)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",v0,v1,c,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c) / v1 --> (vovoc) v0 / (v1 * c)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v0,c,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vocov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vocov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0) o0 (c o1 v1)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type   c = cov->c();
               const Type& v1 = cov->v();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = cov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // v0 / (c / v1) --> (vovoc) (v0 * v1) / c
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",v0,v1,c,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("v0 / (c / v1) --> (vovoc) (v0 * v1) / c\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v0,c,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename covov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename covov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c o0 v0) o1 (v1)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const Type   c = cov->c();
               const Type& v0 = cov->v();
               const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = cov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c / v0) / v1 --> (covov) c / (v0 * v1)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",c,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c / v0) / v1 --> (covov) c / (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),c,v0,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename covov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename covov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c) o0 (v0 o1 v1)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type   c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v1();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = vov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // c / (v0 / v1) --> (covov) (c * v1) / v0
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",c,v1,v0,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("c / (v0 / v1) --> (covov) (c * v1) / v0\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),c,v0,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen, const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covoc_expression0
         {
            typedef typename covoc_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename covoc_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c0 o0 v) o1 (c1)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const Type  c0 = cov->c();
               const Type&  v = cov->v();
               const Type  c1 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = cov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c0 + v) + c1 --> (cov) (c0 + c1) + v
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 + v) + c1 --> (cov) (c0 + c1) + v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(c0 + c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 + v) - c1 --> (cov) (c0 - c1) + v
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 + v) - c1 --> (cov) (c0 - c1) + v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(c0 - c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 - v) + c1 --> (cov) (c0 + c1) - v
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 - v) + c1 --> (cov) (c0 + c1) - v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(c0 + c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 - v) - c1 --> (cov) (c0 - c1) - v
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 - v) - c1 --> (cov) (c0 - c1) - v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(c0 - c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 * v) * c1 --> (cov) (c0 * c1) * v
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v) * c1 --> (cov) (c0 * c1) * v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(c0 * c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 * v) / c1 --> (cov) (c0 / c1) * v
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v) / c1 --> (cov) (c0 / c1) * v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(c0 / c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 / v) * c1 --> (cov) (c0 * c1) / v
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v) * c1 --> (cov) (c0 * c1) / v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(c0 * c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0 / v) / c1 --> (cov) (c0 / c1) / v
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v) / c1 --> (cov) (c0 / c1) / v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(c0 / c1,v);
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<ctype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),c0,v,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v,c1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covoc_expression1
         {
            typedef typename covoc_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename covoc_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c0) o0 (v o1 c1)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type&  v = voc->v();
               const Type  c1 = voc->c();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = voc->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c0) + (v + c1) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) + v
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) + (v + c1) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) + v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(c0 + c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) + (v - c1) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) + v
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) + (v - c1) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) + v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(c0 - c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) - (v + c1) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) - v
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) - (v + c1) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) - v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(c0 - c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) - (v - c1) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) - v
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) - (v - c1) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) - v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(c0 + c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) * (v * c1) --> (voc) v * (c0 * c1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) * (v * c1) --> (voc) v * (c0 * c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(c0 * c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) * (v / c1) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) * v
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) * (v / c1) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) * v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(c0 / c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) / (v * c1) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) / v
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) / (v * c1) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) / v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(c0 / c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) / (v / c1) --> (cov) (c0 * c1) / v
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) / (v / c1) --> (cov) (c0 * c1) / v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(c0 * c1,v);
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<ctype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),c0,v,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v,c1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_cocov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename cocov_t::type0 node_type;
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>&, const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&)[2])
            {
               // (c0 o0 c1) o1 (v) - Not possible.
               return error_node();
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_cocov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename cocov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename cocov_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c0) o0 (c1 o1 v)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type  c1 = cov->c();
               const Type&  v = cov->v();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = cov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c0) + (c1 + v) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) + v
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) + (c1 + v) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) + v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(c0 + c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) + (c1 - v) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) - v
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) + (c1 - v) --> (cov) (c0 + c1) - v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(c0 + c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) - (c1 + v) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) - v
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) - (c1 + v) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) - v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(c0 - c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) - (c1 - v) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) + v
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) - (c1 - v) --> (cov) (c0 - c1) + v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(c0 - c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) * (c1 * v) --> (cov) (c0 * c1) * v
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) * (c1 * v) --> (cov) (c0 * c1) * v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(c0 * c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) * (c1 / v) --> (cov) (c0 * c1) / v
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) * (c1 / v) --> (cov) (c0 * c1) / v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(c0 * c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) / (c1 * v) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) / v
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) / (c1 * v) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) / v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(c0 / c1,v);
                  }
                  // (c0) / (c1 / v) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) * v
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(c0) / (c1 / v) --> (cov) (c0 / c1) * v\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_cr<typename details::cov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(c0 / c1,v);
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<ctype,ctype,vtype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),c0,c1,v,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,c1,v,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen, const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococ_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vococ_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vococ_t::sf3_type sf3_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v o0 c0) o1 (c1)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const Type&  v = voc->v();
               const Type& c0 = voc->c();
               const Type& c1 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = voc->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v + c0) + c1 --> (voc) v + (c0 + c1)
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v + c0) + c1 --> (voc) v + (c0 + c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(v,c0 + c1);
                  }
                  // (v + c0) - c1 --> (voc) v + (c0 - c1)
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v + c0) - c1 --> (voc) v + (c0 - c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(v,c0 - c1);
                  }
                  // (v - c0) + c1 --> (voc) v - (c0 + c1)
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_add == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v - c0) + c1 --> (voc) v - (c0 + c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(v,c1 - c0);
                  }
                  // (v - c0) - c1 --> (voc) v - (c0 + c1)
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v - c0) - c1 --> (voc) v - (c0 + c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(v,c0 + c1);
                  }
                  // (v * c0) * c1 --> (voc) v * (c0 * c1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v * c0) * c1 --> (voc) v * (c0 * c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v,c0 * c1);
                  }
                  // (v * c0) / c1 --> (voc) v * (c0 / c1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v * c0) / c1 --> (voc) v * (c0 / c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v,c0 / c1);
                  }
                  // (v / c0) * c1 --> (voc) v * (c1 / c0)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v / c0) * c1 --> (voc) v * (c1 / c0)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v,c1 / c0);
                  }
                  // (v / c0) / c1 --> (voc) v / (c0 * c1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1))
                  {
                     exprtk_debug(("(v / c0) / c1 --> (voc) v / (c0 * c1)\n"));

                     return expr_gen.node_allocator_->
                               template allocate_rc<typename details::voc_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(v,c0 * c1);
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf3ext_expression::template compile<vtype,ctype,ctype>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1),v,c0,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v,c0,c1,f0,f1);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0, const details::operator_type o1)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococ_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vococ_t::type0 node_type;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>&, const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&)[2])
            {
               // (v) o0 (c0 o1 c1) - Not possible.
               exprtk_debug(("(v) o0 (c0 o1 c1) - Not possible.\n"));
               return error_node();
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vovovov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 v1) o1 (v2 o2 v3)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov0 = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov1 = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = vov0->v0();
               const Type& v1 = vov0->v1();
               const Type& v2 = vov1->v0();
               const Type& v3 = vov1->v1();
               const details::operator_type o0 = vov0->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = vov1->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / v1) * (v2 / v3) --> (vovovov) (v0 * v2) / (v1 * v3)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,v2,v1,v3,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) * (v2 / v3) --> (vovovov) (v0 * v2) / (v1 * v3)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / v1) / (v2 / v3) --> (vovovov) (v0 * v3) / (v1 * v2)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,v3,v1,v2,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) / (v2 / v3) --> (vovovov) (v0 * v3) / (v1 * v2)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,v3,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,v3,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovoc_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 v1) o1 (v2 o2 c)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v1();
               const Type& v2 = voc->v ();
               const Type   c = voc->c ();
               const details::operator_type o0 = vov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = voc->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / v1) * (v2 / c) --> (vovovoc) (v0 * v2) / (v1 * c)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,v2,v1,c,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) * (v2 / c) --> (vovovoc) (v0 * v2) / (v1 * c)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / v1) / (v2 / c) --> (vocovov) (v0 * c) / (v1 * v2)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,c,v1,v2,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) / (v2 / c) --> (vocovov) (v0 * c) / (v1 * v2)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,c,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovocov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vovocov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vovocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 v1) o1 (c o2 v2)
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v1();
               const Type& v2 = cov->v ();
               const Type   c = cov->c ();
               const details::operator_type o0 = vov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = cov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / v1) * (c / v2) --> (vocovov) (v0 * c) / (v1 * v2)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,c,v1,v2,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) * (c / v2) --> (vocovov) (v0 * c) / (v1 * v2)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / v1) / (c / v2) --> (vovovoc) (v0 * v2) / (v1 * c)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,v2,v1,c,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / v1) / (c / v2) --> (vovovoc) (v0 * v2) / (v1 * c)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,c,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vocovov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 c) o1 (v1 o2 v2)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type   c = voc->c ();
               const Type& v0 = voc->v ();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v2 = vov->v1();
               const details::operator_type o0 = voc->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = vov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 / c) * (v1 / v2) --> (vovocov) (v0 * v1) / (c * v2)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,v1,c,v2,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c) * (v1 / v2) --> (vovocov) (v0 * v1) / (c * v2)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c) / (v1 / v2) --> (vovocov) (v0 * v2) / (c * v1)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",v0,v2,c,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c) / (v1 / v2) --> (vovocov) (v0 * v2) / (c * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename covovov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename covovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c o0 v0) o1 (v1 o2 v2)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::vov_base_node<Type>* vov = static_cast<details::vov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type   c = cov->c ();
               const Type& v0 = cov->v ();
               const Type& v1 = vov->v0();
               const Type& v2 = vov->v1();
               const details::operator_type o0 = cov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = vov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c / v0) * (v1 / v2) --> (covovov) (c * v1) / (v0 * v2)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",c,v1,v0,v2,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c / v0) * (v1 / v2) --> (covovov) (c * v1) / (v0 * v2)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c / v0) / (v1 / v2) --> (covovov) (c * v2) / (v0 * v1)
                  if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/(t*t)",c,v2,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c / v0) / (v1 / v2) --> (covovov) (c * v2) / (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c,v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covocov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename covocov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename covocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c0 o0 v0) o1 (c1 o2 v1)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov0 = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov1 = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = cov0->c();
               const Type& v0 = cov0->v();
               const Type  c1 = cov1->c();
               const Type& v1 = cov1->v();
               const details::operator_type o0 = cov0->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = cov1->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c0 + v0) + (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)+t",(c0 + c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 + v0) + (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 + v0) - (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)-t",(c0 - c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 + v0) - (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 - v0) - (c1 - v1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) - v0 + v1
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_sub == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t-t)+t",(c0 - c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 - v0) - (c1 - v1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) - v0 + v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 * v0) * (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v0) * (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 * v0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 / v0) * (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) / (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v0) * (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) / (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 / v0) / (c1 / v1) --> (covov) ((c0 / c1) * v1) / v0
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c0 / c1),v1,v0,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v0) / (c1 / v1) --> (covov) ((c0 / c1) * v1) / v0\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 * v0) / (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t*(t*t)",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v0) / (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 / v0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) / (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) / (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c * v0) +/- (c * v1) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)
                  else if (
                            (std::equal_to<T>()(c0,c1)) &&
                            (details::e_mul == o0)      &&
                            (details::e_mul == o2)      &&
                            (
                              (details::e_add == o1) ||
                              (details::e_sub == o1)
                            )
                          )
                  {
                     std::string specfunc;

                     switch (o1)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : specfunc = "t*(t+t)"; break;
                        case details::e_sub : specfunc = "t*(t-t)"; break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,specfunc,c0,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c * v0) +/- (c * v1) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovoc_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 c0) o1 (v1 o2 c1)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc0 = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc1 = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = voc0->c();
               const Type& v0 = voc0->v();
               const Type  c1 = voc1->c();
               const Type& v1 = voc1->v();
               const details::operator_type o0 = voc0->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = voc1->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 + c0) + (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)+t",(c0 + c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 + c0) + (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 + c0) - (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)-t",(c0 - c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 + c0) - (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 - c0) - (v1 - c1) --> (covov) (c1 - c0) + v0 - v1
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_sub == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)-t",(c1 - c0),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 - c0) - (v1 - c1) --> (covov) (c1 - c0) + v0 - v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c0) * (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c0) * (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) * (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (1 / (c0 * c1)) * v0 * v1
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",Type(1) / (c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) * (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (1 / (c0 * c1)) * v0 * v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) ((c1 / c0) * v0) / v1
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c1 / c0),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) ((c1 / c0) * v0) / v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t*(t/t)",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (1 / (c0 * c1)) * v0 / v1
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t*(t/t)",Type(1) / (c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (1 / (c0 * c1)) * v0 / v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) * (v1 + c1) --> (vocovoc) (v0 * (1 / c0)) * (v1 + c1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*(t+t)",v0,T(1) / c0,v1,c1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) * (v1 + c1) --> (vocovoc) (v0 * (1 / c0)) * (v1 + c1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) * (v1 - c1) --> (vocovoc) (v0 * (1 / c0)) * (v1 - c1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_sub == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf4ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,ctype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*(t-t)",v0,T(1) / c0,v1,c1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) * (v1 - c1) --> (vocovoc) (v0 * (1 / c0)) * (v1 - c1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c) +/- (v1 * c) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)
                  else if (
                            (std::equal_to<T>()(c0,c1)) &&
                            (details::e_mul == o0)      &&
                            (details::e_mul == o2)      &&
                            (
                              (details::e_add == o1) ||
                              (details::e_sub == o1)
                            )
                          )
                  {
                     std::string specfunc;

                     switch (o1)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : specfunc = "t*(t+t)"; break;
                        case details::e_sub : specfunc = "t*(t-t)"; break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,specfunc,c0,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c) +/- (v1 * c) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c) +/- (v1 / c) --> (vovoc) (v0 +/- v1) / c
                  else if (
                            (std::equal_to<T>()(c0,c1)) &&
                            (details::e_div == o0)      &&
                            (details::e_div == o2)      &&
                            (
                              (details::e_add == o1) ||
                              (details::e_sub == o1)
                            )
                          )
                  {
                     std::string specfunc;

                     switch (o1)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : specfunc = "(t+t)/t"; break;
                        case details::e_sub : specfunc = "(t-t)/t"; break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,specfunc,c0,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c) +/- (v1 / c) --> (vovoc) (v0 +/- v1) / c\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovoc_expression0
         {
            typedef typename covovoc_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename covovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (c0 o0 v0) o1 (v1 o2 c1)
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = cov->c();
               const Type& v0 = cov->v();
               const Type  c1 = voc->c();
               const Type& v1 = voc->v();
               const details::operator_type o0 = cov->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = voc->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (c0 + v0) + (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)+t",(c0 + c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 + v0) + (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 + v0) - (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)-t",(c0 - c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 + v0) - (v1 + c1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 - v0) - (v1 - c1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) - v0 - v1
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_sub == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t-(t+t)",(c0 + c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 - v0) - (v1 - c1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) - v0 - v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 * v0) * (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v0) * (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 * v0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 / v0) * (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v1 / v0)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t*(t/t)",(c0 / c1),v1,v0,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v0) * (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v1 / v0)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 / v0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) / (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) / (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 * v0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 * v0) / (v1 / c1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c0 / v0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) / (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"t/(t*t)",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c0 / v0) / (v1 * c1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) / (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (c * v0) +/- (v1 * c) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)
                  else if (
                            (std::equal_to<T>()(c0,c1)) &&
                            (details::e_mul == o0)      &&
                            (details::e_mul == o2)      &&
                            (
                              (details::e_add == o1) ||
                              (details::e_sub == o1)
                            )
                          )
                  {
                     std::string specfunc;

                     switch (o1)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : specfunc = "t*(t+t)"; break;
                        case details::e_sub : specfunc = "t*(t-t)"; break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,specfunc,c0,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(c * v0) +/- (v1 * c) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococov_expression0
         {
            typedef typename vococov_t::type0 node_type;
            typedef typename vococov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 c0) o1 (c1 o2 v1)
               const details::voc_base_node<Type>* voc = static_cast<details::voc_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0]);
               const details::cov_base_node<Type>* cov = static_cast<details::cov_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = voc->c();
               const Type& v0 = voc->v();
               const Type  c1 = cov->c();
               const Type& v1 = cov->v();
               const details::operator_type o0 = voc->operation();
               const details::operator_type o1 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o2 = cov->operation();

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (expr_gen.parser_->settings_.strength_reduction_enabled())
               {
                  // (v0 + c0) + (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1
                  if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_add == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)+t",(c0 + c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 + c0) + (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 + c1) + v0 + v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 + c0) - (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1
                  else if ((details::e_add == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_add == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)-t",(c0 - c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 + c0) - (c1 + v1) --> (covov) (c0 - c1) + v0 - v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 - c0) - (c1 - v1) --> (vovoc) v0 + v1 - (c1 + c0)
                  else if ((details::e_sub == o0) && (details::e_sub == o1) && (details::e_sub == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t+t)-t",v0,v1,(c1 + c0),result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 - c0) - (c1 - v1) --> (vovoc) v0 + v1 - (c1 + c0)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c0) * (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",(c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c0) * (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 * c1) * v0 * v1\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) * (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c1 / c0) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_mul == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",(c1 / c0),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) * (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c1 / c0) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c0) / (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 * v1)
                  else if ((details::e_mul == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",(c0 / c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c0) / (c1 / v1) --> (covov) (c0 / c1) * (v0 * v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (1 / (c0 * c1)) * (v0 / v1)
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_mul == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)/t",Type(1) / (c0 * c1),v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) / (c1 * v1) --> (covov) (1 / (c0 * c1)) * (v0 / v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 / c0) / (c1 / v1) --> (vovoc) (v0 * v1) * (1 / (c0 * c1))
                  else if ((details::e_div == o0) && (details::e_div == o1) && (details::e_div == o2))
                  {
                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<vtype,vtype,ctype>(expr_gen,"(t*t)*t",v0,v1,Type(1) / (c0 * c1),result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 / c0) / (c1 / v1) --> (vovoc) (v0 * v1) * (1 / (c0 * c1))\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
                  // (v0 * c) +/- (c * v1) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)
                  else if (
                            (std::equal_to<T>()(c0,c1)) &&
                            (details::e_mul == o0)      &&
                            (details::e_mul == o2)      &&
                            (
                              (details::e_add == o1) || (details::e_sub == o1)
                            )
                          )
                  {
                     std::string specfunc;
                     switch (o1)
                     {
                        case details::e_add : specfunc = "t*(t+t)"; break;
                        case details::e_sub : specfunc = "t*(t-t)"; break;
                        default             : return error_node();
                     }

                     const bool synthesis_result =
                        synthesize_sf3ext_expression::
                           template compile<ctype,vtype,vtype>(expr_gen,specfunc,c0,v0,v1,result);

                     exprtk_debug(("(v0 * c) +/- (c * v1) --> (covov) c * (v0 +/- v1)\n"));

                     return (synthesis_result) ? result : error_node();
                  }
               }

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o1,f1))
                  return error_node();
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();
               else
                  return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vovovov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 (v1 o1 (v2 o2 v3))
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression1::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v3 = vovov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,v3,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 (v1 o1 (v2 o2 v3))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,v3,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovoc_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 (v1 o1 (v2 o2 c))
               typedef typename synthesize_vovoc_expression1::node_type vovoc_t;

               const vovoc_t* vovoc = static_cast<const vovoc_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vovoc->t0();
               const Type& v2 = vovoc->t1();
               const Type   c = vovoc->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovoc->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 (v1 o1 (v2 o2 c))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,c,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovocov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vovocov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vovocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 (v1 o1 (c o2 v2))
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression1::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t0();
               const Type   c = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vocov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vocov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,c,v2,result))
                  return result;
               if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 (v1 o1 (c o2 v2))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vocovov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 (c o1 (v1 o2 v2))
               typedef typename synthesize_covov_expression1::node_type covov_t;

               const covov_t* covov = static_cast<const covov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type   c = covov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = covov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = covov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = covov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = covov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 (c o1 (v1 o2 v2))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename covovov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename covovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // c o0 (v0 o1 (v1 o2 v2))
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression1::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type   c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c,v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("c o0 (v0 o1 (v1 o2 v2))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covocov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename covocov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename covocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // c0 o0 (v0 o1 (c1 o2 v1))
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression1::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vocov->t0();
               const Type  c1 = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vocov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("c0 o0 (v0 o1 (c1 o2 v1))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovoc_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 (c0 o1 (v1 o2 c2))
               typedef typename synthesize_covoc_expression1::node_type covoc_t;

               const covoc_t* covoc = static_cast<const covoc_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type  c0 = covoc->t0();
               const Type& v1 = covoc->t1();
               const Type  c1 = covoc->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = covoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = covoc->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 (c0 o1 (v1 o2 c2))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovoc_expression1
         {
            typedef typename covovoc_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename covovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // c0 o0 (v0 o1 (v1 o2 c1))
               typedef typename synthesize_vovoc_expression1::node_type vovoc_t;

               const vovoc_t* vovoc = static_cast<const vovoc_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vovoc->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovoc->t1();
               const Type  c1 = vovoc->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovoc->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("c0 o0 (v0 o1 (v1 o2 c1))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococov_expression1
         {
            typedef typename vococov_t::type1 node_type;
            typedef typename vococov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 (c0 o1 (c1 o2 v1))
               typedef typename synthesize_cocov_expression1::node_type cocov_t;

               const cocov_t* cocov = static_cast<const cocov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type  c0 = cocov->t0();
               const Type  c1 = cocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = cocov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(cocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(cocov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = cocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = cocov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 (c0 o1 (c1 o2 v1))\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t))");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovov_expression2
         {
            typedef typename vovovov_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 ((v1 o1 v2) o2 v3)
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression0::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v3 = vovov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,v3,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 ((v1 o1 v2) o2 v3)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,v3,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovoc_expression2
         {
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 ((v1 o1 v2) o2 c)
               typedef typename synthesize_vovoc_expression0::node_type vovoc_t;

               const vovoc_t* vovoc = static_cast<const vovoc_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vovoc->t0();
               const Type& v2 = vovoc->t1();
               const Type   c = vovoc->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovoc->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 ((v1 o1 v2) o2 c)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,c,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovocov_expression2
         {
            typedef typename vovocov_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename vovocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 ((v1 o1 c) o2 v2)
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression0::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t0();
               const Type   c = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vocov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vocov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,c,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 ((v1 o1 c) o2 v2)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovov_expression2
         {
            typedef typename vocovov_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 ((c o1 v1) o2 v2)
               typedef typename synthesize_covov_expression0::node_type covov_t;

               const covov_t* covov = static_cast<const covov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type   c = covov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = covov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = covov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = covov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = covov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 ((c o1 v1) o2 v2)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovov_expression2
         {
            typedef typename covovov_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename covovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // c o0 ((v1 o1 v2) o2 v3)
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression0::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type   c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c,v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("c o0 ((v1 o1 v2) o2 v3)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
        };

         struct synthesize_covocov_expression2
         {
            typedef typename covocov_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename covocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // c0 o0 ((v0 o1 c1) o2 v1)
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression0::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vocov->t0();
               const Type  c1 = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vocov->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("c0 o0 ((v0 o1 c1) o2 v1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovoc_expression2
         {
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 ((c0 o1 v1) o2 c1)
               typedef typename synthesize_covoc_expression0::node_type covoc_t;

               const covoc_t* covoc = static_cast<const covoc_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               const Type  c0 = covoc->t0();
               const Type& v1 = covoc->t1();
               const Type  c1 = covoc->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = covoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = covoc->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 ((c0 o1 v1) o2 c1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovoc_expression2
         {
            typedef typename covovoc_t::type2 node_type;
            typedef typename covovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // c0 o0 ((v0 o1 v1) o2 c1)
               typedef typename synthesize_vovoc_expression0::node_type vovoc_t;

               const vovoc_t* vovoc = static_cast<const vovoc_t*>(branch[1]);
               const Type  c0 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->value();
               const Type& v0 = vovoc->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovoc->t1();
               const Type  c1 = vovoc->t2();
               const details::operator_type o0 = operation;
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o2 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f1());

               binary_functor_t f0 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f2 = vovoc->f1();

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o0,f0))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("c0 o0 ((v0 o1 v1) o2 c1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t)");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococov_expression2
         {
            typedef typename vococov_t::type2 node_type;
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>&, const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&)[2])
            {
               // v0 o0 ((c0 o1 c1) o2 v1) - Not possible
               exprtk_debug(("v0 o0 ((c0 o1 c1) o2 v1) - Not possible\n"));
               return error_node();
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>&,
                                         const details::operator_type, const details::operator_type, const details::operator_type)
            {
               return "INVALID";
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovov_expression3
         {
            typedef typename vovovov_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 v1) o1 v2) o2 v3
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression0::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t2();
               const Type& v3 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,v3,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 v1) o1 v2) o2 v3\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,v3,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovoc_expression3
         {
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 v1) o1 v2) o2 c
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression0::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t2();
               const Type   c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 v1) o1 v2) o2 c\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,c,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovocov_expression3
         {
            typedef typename vovocov_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename vovocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 v1) o1 c) o2 v2
               typedef typename synthesize_vovoc_expression0::node_type vovoc_t;

               const vovoc_t* vovoc = static_cast<const vovoc_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vovoc->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovoc->t1();
               const Type   c = vovoc->t2();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vovoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovoc->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,c,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 v1) o1 c) o2 v2\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovov_expression3
         {
            typedef typename vocovov_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 c) o1 v1) o2 v2
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression0::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vocov->t0();
               const Type   c = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t2();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 c) o1 v1) o2 v2\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovov_expression3
         {
            typedef typename covovov_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename covovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((c o0 v0) o1 v1) o2 v2
               typedef typename synthesize_covov_expression0::node_type covov_t;

               const covov_t* covov = static_cast<const covov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type   c = covov->t0();
               const Type& v0 = covov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = covov->t2();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = covov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = covov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c,v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((c o0 v0) o1 v1) o2 v2\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covocov_expression3
         {
            typedef typename covocov_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename covocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((c0 o0 v0) o1 c1) o2 v1
               typedef typename synthesize_covoc_expression0::node_type covoc_t;

               const covoc_t* covoc = static_cast<const covoc_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type  c0 = covoc->t0();
               const Type& v0 = covoc->t1();
               const Type  c1 = covoc->t2();
               const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = covoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = covoc->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((c0 o0 v0) o1 c1) o2 v1\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovoc_expression3
         {
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 c0) o1 v1) o2 c1
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression0::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vocov->t0();
               const Type  c0 = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t2();
               const Type  c1 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 c0) o1 v1) o2 c1\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovoc_expression3
         {
            typedef typename covovoc_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename covovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((c0 o0 v0) o1 v1) o2 c1
               typedef typename synthesize_covov_expression0::node_type covov_t;

               const covov_t* covov = static_cast<const covov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type  c0 = covov->t0();
               const Type& v0 = covov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = covov->t2();
               const Type  c1 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = covov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = covov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((c0 o0 v0) o1 v1) o2 c1\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococov_expression3
         {
            typedef typename vococov_t::type3 node_type;
            typedef typename vococov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 c0) o1 c1) o2 v1
               typedef typename synthesize_vococ_expression0::node_type vococ_t;

               const vococ_t* vococ = static_cast<const vococ_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vococ->t0();
               const Type  c0 = vococ->t1();
               const Type  c1 = vococ->t2();
               const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vococ->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vococ->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vococ->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vococ->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 c0) o1 c1) o2 v1\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "((t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovov_expression4
         {
            typedef typename vovovov_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // (v0 o0 (v1 o1 v2)) o2 v3
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression1::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t2();
               const Type& v3 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,v3,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("(v0 o0 (v1 o1 v2)) o2 v3\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,v3,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovovoc_expression4
         {
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename vovovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 (v1 o1 v2)) o2 c)
               typedef typename synthesize_vovov_expression1::node_type vovov_t;

               const vovov_t* vovov = static_cast<const vovov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vovov->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovov->t1();
               const Type& v2 = vovov->t2();
               const Type   c = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vovov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,v2,c,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 (v1 o1 v2)) o2 c)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,v2,c,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vovocov_expression4
         {
            typedef typename vovocov_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename vovocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 (v1 o1 c)) o2 v1)
               typedef typename synthesize_vovoc_expression1::node_type vovoc_t;

               const vovoc_t* vovoc = static_cast<const vovoc_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vovoc->t0();
               const Type& v1 = vovoc->t1();
               const Type   c = vovoc->t2();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vovoc->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vovoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vovoc->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,v1,c,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 (v1 o1 c)) o2 v1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,v1,c,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovov_expression4
         {
            typedef typename vocovov_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 (c o1 v1)) o2 v2)
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression1::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vocov->t0();
               const Type   c = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t2();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 (c o1 v1)) o2 v2)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovov_expression4
         {
            typedef typename covovov_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename covovov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((c o0 (v0 o1 v1)) o2 v2)
               typedef typename synthesize_covov_expression1::node_type covov_t;

               const covov_t* covov = static_cast<const covov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type   c = covov->t0();
               const Type& v0 = covov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = covov->t2();
               const Type& v2 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = covov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = covov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c,v0,v1,v2,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((c o0 (v0 o1 v1)) o2 v2)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c,v0,v1,v2,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covocov_expression4
         {
            typedef typename covocov_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename covocov_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((c0 o0 (v0 o1 c1)) o2 v1)
               typedef typename synthesize_covoc_expression1::node_type covoc_t;

               const covoc_t* covoc = static_cast<const covoc_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type  c0 = covoc->t0();
               const Type& v0 = covoc->t1();
               const Type  c1 = covoc->t2();
               const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::variable_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covoc->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = covoc->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = covoc->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,c1,v1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((c0 o0 (v0 o1 c1)) o2 v1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,c1,v1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vocovoc_expression4
         {
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename vocovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 (c0 o1 v1)) o2 c1)
               typedef typename synthesize_vocov_expression1::node_type vocov_t;

               const vocov_t* vocov = static_cast<const vocov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type& v0 = vocov->t0();
               const Type  c0 = vocov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = vocov->t2();
               const Type  c1 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(vocov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = vocov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = vocov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),v0,c0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 (c0 o1 v1)) o2 c1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),v0,c0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_covovoc_expression4
         {
            typedef typename covovoc_t::type4 node_type;
            typedef typename covovoc_t::sf4_type sf4_type;
            typedef typename node_type::T0 T0;
            typedef typename node_type::T1 T1;
            typedef typename node_type::T2 T2;
            typedef typename node_type::T3 T3;

            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                                      const details::operator_type& operation,
                                                      expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
            {
               // ((c0 o0 (v0 o1 v1)) o2 c1)
               typedef typename synthesize_covov_expression1::node_type covov_t;

               const covov_t* covov = static_cast<const covov_t*>(branch[0]);
               const Type  c0 = covov->t0();
               const Type& v0 = covov->t1();
               const Type& v1 = covov->t2();
               const Type  c1 = static_cast<details::literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->value();
               const details::operator_type o0 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f0());
               const details::operator_type o1 = expr_gen.get_operator(covov->f1());
               const details::operator_type o2 = operation;

               binary_functor_t f0 = covov->f0();
               binary_functor_t f1 = covov->f1();
               binary_functor_t f2 = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),branch[1]);

               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (synthesize_sf4ext_expression::template compile<T0,T1,T2,T3>(expr_gen,id(expr_gen,o0,o1,o2),c0,v0,v1,c1,result))
                  return result;
               else if (!expr_gen.valid_operator(o2,f2))
                  return error_node();

               exprtk_debug(("((c0 o0 (v0 o1 v1)) o2 c1)\n"));

               return node_type::allocate(*(expr_gen.node_allocator_),c0,v0,v1,c1,f0,f1,f2);
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>& expr_gen,
                                         const details::operator_type o0,
                                         const details::operator_type o1,
                                         const details::operator_type o2)
            {
               return (details::build_string() << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o0) << "(t" << expr_gen.to_str(o1) << "t)" << expr_gen.to_str(o2) << "t");
            }
         };

         struct synthesize_vococov_expression4
         {
            typedef typename vococov_t::type4 node_type;
            static inline expression_node_ptr process(expression_generator<Type>&, const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&)[2])
            {
               // ((v0 o0 (c0 o1 c1)) o2 v1) - Not possible
               exprtk_debug(("((v0 o0 (c0 o1 c1)) o2 v1) - Not possible\n"));
               return error_node();
            }

            static inline std::string id(expression_generator<Type>&,
                                         const details::operator_type, const details::operator_type, const details::operator_type)
            {
               return "INVALID";
            }
         };
         #endif

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_uvouv_expression(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            // Definition: uv o uv
            details::operator_type o0 = static_cast<details::uv_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->operation();
            details::operator_type o1 = static_cast<details::uv_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->operation();
            const Type& v0 = static_cast<details::uv_base_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->v();
            const Type& v1 = static_cast<details::uv_base_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->v();
            unary_functor_t u0 = reinterpret_cast<unary_functor_t> (0);
            unary_functor_t u1 = reinterpret_cast<unary_functor_t> (0);
            binary_functor_t f = reinterpret_cast<binary_functor_t>(0);

            if (!valid_operator(o0,u0))
               return error_node();
            else if (!valid_operator(o1,u1))
               return error_node();
            else if (!valid_operator(operation,f))
               return error_node();

            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (
                 (details::e_neg == o0) &&
                 (details::e_neg == o1)
               )
            {
               switch (operation)
               {
                  // (-v0 + -v1) --> -(v0 + v1)
                  case details::e_add : result = (*this)(details::e_neg,
                                                    node_allocator_->
                                                       allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                          vov_node<Type,details::add_op<Type> > >(v0,v1));
                                        exprtk_debug(("(-v0 + -v1) --> -(v0 + v1)\n"));
                                        break;

                  // (-v0 - -v1) --> (v1 - v0)
                  case details::e_sub : result = node_allocator_->
                                                    allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                       vov_node<Type,details::sub_op<Type> > >(v1,v0);
                                        exprtk_debug(("(-v0 - -v1) --> (v1 - v0)\n"));
                                        break;

                  // (-v0 * -v1) --> (v0 * v1)
                  case details::e_mul : result = node_allocator_->
                                                    allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                       vov_node<Type,details::mul_op<Type> > >(v0,v1);
                                        exprtk_debug(("(-v0 * -v1) --> (v0 * v1)\n"));
                                        break;

                  // (-v0 / -v1) --> (v0 / v1)
                  case details::e_div : result = node_allocator_->
                                                    allocate_rr<typename details::
                                                       vov_node<Type,details::div_op<Type> > >(v0,v1);
                                        exprtk_debug(("(-v0 / -v1) --> (v0 / v1)\n"));
                                        break;

                  default             : break;
               }
            }

            if (0 == result)
            {
               result = node_allocator_->
                            allocate_rrrrr<typename details::uvouv_node<Type> >(v0,v1,u0,u1,f);
            }

            details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);
            return result;
         }

         #undef basic_opr_switch_statements
         #undef extended_opr_switch_statements
         #undef unary_opr_switch_statements

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities

         #define string_opr_switch_statements          \
         case_stmt(details::  e_lt ,details::   lt_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_lte ,details::  lte_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_gt ,details::   gt_op) \
         case_stmt(details:: e_gte ,details::  gte_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_eq ,details::   eq_op) \
         case_stmt(details::  e_ne ,details::   ne_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_in   ,details::   in_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_like ,details:: like_op) \
         case_stmt(details::e_ilike,details::ilike_op) \

         template <typename T0, typename T1>
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_str_xrox_expression_impl(const details::operator_type& opr,
                                                                        T0 s0, T1 s1,
                                                                        range_t rp0)
         {
            switch (opr)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                       \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                              \
                             allocate_ttt<typename details::str_xrox_node<Type,T0,T1,range_t,op1<Type> >,T0,T1> \
                                (s0,s1,rp0);                                                                    \

               string_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         template <typename T0, typename T1>
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_str_xoxr_expression_impl(const details::operator_type& opr,
                                                                        T0 s0, T1 s1,
                                                                        range_t rp1)
         {
            switch (opr)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                       \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                              \
                             allocate_ttt<typename details::str_xoxr_node<Type,T0,T1,range_t,op1<Type> >,T0,T1> \
                                (s0,s1,rp1);                                                                    \

               string_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         template <typename T0, typename T1>
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_str_xroxr_expression_impl(const details::operator_type& opr,
                                                                         T0 s0, T1 s1,
                                                                         range_t rp0, range_t rp1)
         {
            switch (opr)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                         \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                                \
                             allocate_tttt<typename details::str_xroxr_node<Type,T0,T1,range_t,op1<Type> >,T0,T1> \
                                (s0,s1,rp0,rp1);                                                                  \

               string_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         template <typename T0, typename T1>
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_sos_expression_impl(const details::operator_type& opr, T0 s0, T1 s1)
         {
            switch (opr)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                                 \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                                        \
                             allocate_tt<typename details::sos_node<Type,T0,T1,op1<Type> >,T0,T1>(s0,s1); \

               string_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_sos_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string& s0 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
            std::string& s1 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();

            return synthesize_sos_expression_impl<std::string&,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_sros_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string&  s0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref  ();
            std::string&  s1 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>   (branch[1])->ref  ();
            range_t      rp0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range();

            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();

            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);

            return synthesize_str_xrox_expression_impl<std::string&,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1,rp0);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_sosr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string&  s0 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>   (branch[0])->ref  ();
            std::string&  s1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref  ();
            range_t      rp1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xoxr_expression_impl<std::string&,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_socsr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string&  s0 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>         (branch[0])->ref  ();
            std::string   s1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str  ();
            range_t      rp1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xoxr_expression_impl<std::string&,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_srosr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string&  s0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref  ();
            std::string&  s1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref  ();
            range_t      rp0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range();
            range_t      rp1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();
            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xroxr_expression_impl<std::string&,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1,rp0,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_socs_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string& s0 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
            std::string  s1 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str();

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_sos_expression_impl<std::string&,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csos_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string  s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str();
            std::string& s1 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);

            return synthesize_sos_expression_impl<const std::string,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csosr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string   s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str  ();
            std::string&  s1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>  (branch[1])->ref  ();
            range_t      rp1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>  (branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xoxr_expression_impl<const std::string,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_srocs_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string&  s0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>  (branch[0])->ref  ();
            std::string   s1 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str  ();
            range_t      rp0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>  (branch[0])->range();

            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xrox_expression_impl<std::string&,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1,rp0);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_srocsr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string&  s0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>      (branch[0])->ref  ();
            std::string   s1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str  ();
            range_t      rp0 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>      (branch[0])->range();
            range_t      rp1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>      (branch[0])->range_ref().clear();
            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xroxr_expression_impl<std::string&,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1,rp0,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csocs_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const std::string s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str();
            const std::string s1 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str();

            expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

            if (details::e_add == opr)
               result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<details::string_literal_node<Type> >(s0 + s1);
            else if (details::e_in == opr)
               result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<details::literal_node<Type> >(details::in_op<Type>::process(s0,s1));
            else if (details::e_like == opr)
               result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<details::literal_node<Type> >(details::like_op<Type>::process(s0,s1));
            else if (details::e_ilike == opr)
               result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<details::literal_node<Type> >(details::ilike_op<Type>::process(s0,s1));
            else
            {
               expression_node_ptr temp = synthesize_sos_expression_impl<const std::string,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1);
               Type v = temp->value();
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,temp);
               result = node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
            }

            details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

            return result;
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csocsr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const std::string s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>    (branch[0])->str  ();
                  std::string s1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str  ();
            range_t          rp1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xoxr_expression_impl<const std::string,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csros_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string   s0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str  ();
            std::string&  s1 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>         (branch[1])->ref  ();
            range_t      rp0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range();

            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();

            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);

            return synthesize_str_xrox_expression_impl<const std::string,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1,rp0);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csrosr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            const std::string  s0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str  ();
                  std::string& s1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>      (branch[1])->ref  ();
            range_t           rp0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range();
            range_t           rp1 = static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>      (branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();
            static_cast<details::string_range_node<Type>*>      (branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
            free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

            return synthesize_str_xroxr_expression_impl<const std::string,std::string&>(opr,s0,s1,rp0,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csrocs_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string       s0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str  ();
            const std::string s1 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>    (branch[1])->str  ();
            range_t          rp0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range();

            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();

            details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

            return synthesize_str_xrox_expression_impl<const std::string,std::string>(opr,s0,s1,rp0);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_csrocsr_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            std::string   s0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str  ();
            std::string   s1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str  ();
            range_t      rp0 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range();
            range_t      rp1 = static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range();

            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->range_ref().clear();
            static_cast<details::const_string_range_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->range_ref().clear();

            details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

            return synthesize_str_xroxr_expression_impl<const std::string,const std::string>(opr,s0,s1,rp0,rp1);
         }

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_strogen_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            switch (opr)
            {
               #define case_stmt(op0,op1)                                                       \
               case op0 : return node_allocator_->                                              \
                             allocate_ttt<typename details::str_sogens_node<Type,op1<Type> > >  \
                                (opr,branch[0],branch[1]);                                      \

               string_opr_switch_statements
               #undef case_stmt
               default : return error_node();
            }
         }
         #endif

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_string_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            if ((0 == branch[0]) || (0 == branch[1]))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }

            const bool b0_is_s   = details::is_string_node            (branch[0]);
            const bool b0_is_cs  = details::is_const_string_node      (branch[0]);
            const bool b0_is_sr  = details::is_string_range_node      (branch[0]);
            const bool b0_is_csr = details::is_const_string_range_node(branch[0]);

            const bool b1_is_s   = details::is_string_node            (branch[1]);
            const bool b1_is_cs  = details::is_const_string_node      (branch[1]);
            const bool b1_is_sr  = details::is_string_range_node      (branch[1]);
            const bool b1_is_csr = details::is_const_string_range_node(branch[1]);

            const bool b0_is_gen = details::is_string_assignment_node (branch[0]) ||
                                   details::is_genricstring_range_node(branch[0]) ||
                                   details::is_string_concat_node     (branch[0]) ||
                                   details::is_string_function_node   (branch[0]) ||
                                   details::is_string_condition_node  (branch[0]) ||
                                   details::is_string_ccondition_node (branch[0]) ;

            const bool b1_is_gen = details::is_string_assignment_node (branch[1]) ||
                                   details::is_genricstring_range_node(branch[1]) ||
                                   details::is_string_concat_node     (branch[1]) ||
                                   details::is_string_function_node   (branch[1]) ||
                                   details::is_string_condition_node  (branch[1]) ||
                                   details::is_string_ccondition_node (branch[1]) ;

            if (details::e_add == opr)
            {
               if (!b0_is_cs || !b1_is_cs)
               {
                  return synthesize_expression<string_concat_node_t,2>(opr,branch);
               }
            }

            if (b0_is_gen || b1_is_gen)
            {
               return synthesize_strogen_expression(opr,branch);
            }
            else if (b0_is_s)
            {
                    if (b1_is_s  ) return synthesize_sos_expression   (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_cs ) return synthesize_socs_expression  (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_sr ) return synthesize_sosr_expression  (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_csr) return synthesize_socsr_expression (opr,branch);
            }
            else if (b0_is_cs)
            {
                    if (b1_is_s  ) return synthesize_csos_expression  (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_cs ) return synthesize_csocs_expression (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_sr ) return synthesize_csosr_expression (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_csr) return synthesize_csocsr_expression(opr,branch);
            }
            else if (b0_is_sr)
            {
                    if (b1_is_s  ) return synthesize_sros_expression  (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_sr ) return synthesize_srosr_expression (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_cs ) return synthesize_srocs_expression (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_csr) return synthesize_srocsr_expression(opr,branch);
            }
            else if (b0_is_csr)
            {
                    if (b1_is_s  ) return synthesize_csros_expression  (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_sr ) return synthesize_csrosr_expression (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_cs ) return synthesize_csrocs_expression (opr,branch);
               else if (b1_is_csr) return synthesize_csrocsr_expression(opr,branch);
            }

            return error_node();
         }
         #else
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_string_expression(const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);
            return error_node();
         }
         #endif

         #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_string_expression(const details::operator_type& opr, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            if (details::e_inrange != opr)
               return error_node();
            else if ((0 == branch[0]) || (0 == branch[1]) || (0 == branch[2]))
            {
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if (
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[0]) &&
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[1]) &&
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[2])
                    )
            {
               const std::string s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str();
               const std::string s1 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str();
               const std::string s2 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[2])->str();

               Type v = (((s0 <= s1) && (s1 <= s2)) ? Type(1) : Type(0));
               details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return node_allocator_->allocate_c<details::literal_node<Type> >(v);
            }
            else if (
                      details::is_string_node(branch[0]) &&
                      details::is_string_node(branch[1]) &&
                      details::is_string_node(branch[2])
                    )
            {
               std::string& s0 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               std::string& s1 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               std::string& s2 = static_cast<details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[2])->ref();

               typedef typename details::sosos_node<Type,std::string&,std::string&,std::string&,details::inrange_op<Type> > inrange_t;

               return node_allocator_->allocate_type<inrange_t,std::string&,std::string&,std::string&>(s0,s1,s2);
            }
            else if (
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[0]) &&
                            details::is_string_node(branch[1]) &&
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[2])
                    )
            {
               std::string  s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str();
               std::string& s1 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               std::string  s2 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[2])->str();

               typedef typename details::sosos_node<Type,std::string,std::string&,std::string,details::inrange_op<Type> > inrange_t;

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[2]);

               return node_allocator_->allocate_type<inrange_t,std::string,std::string&,std::string>(s0,s1,s2);
            }
            else if (
                            details::is_string_node(branch[0]) &&
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[1]) &&
                            details::is_string_node(branch[2])
                    )
            {
               std::string&  s0 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               std::string   s1 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->str();
               std::string&  s2 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[2])->ref();

               typedef typename details::sosos_node<Type,std::string&,std::string,std::string&,details::inrange_op<Type> > inrange_t;

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

               return node_allocator_->allocate_type<inrange_t,std::string&,std::string,std::string&>(s0,s1,s2);
            }
            else if (
                      details::is_string_node(branch[0]) &&
                      details::is_string_node(branch[1]) &&
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[2])
                    )
            {
               std::string& s0 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->ref();
               std::string& s1 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               std::string  s2 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[2])->str();

               typedef typename details::sosos_node<Type,std::string&,std::string&,std::string,details::inrange_op<Type> > inrange_t;

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[2]);

               return node_allocator_->allocate_type<inrange_t,std::string&,std::string&,std::string>(s0,s1,s2);
            }
            else if (
                      details::is_const_string_node(branch[0]) &&
                      details::      is_string_node(branch[1]) &&
                      details::      is_string_node(branch[2])
                    )
            {
               std::string  s0 = static_cast<details::string_literal_node<Type>*>(branch[0])->str();
               std::string& s1 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[1])->ref();
               std::string& s2 = static_cast<     details::stringvar_node<Type>*>(branch[2])->ref();

               typedef typename details::sosos_node<Type,std::string,std::string&,std::string&,details::inrange_op<Type> > inrange_t;

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);

               return node_allocator_->allocate_type<inrange_t,std::string,std::string&,std::string&>(s0,s1,s2);
            }
            else
               return error_node();
         }
         #else
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_string_expression(const details::operator_type&, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[3])
         {
            details::free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);
            return error_node();
         }
         #endif

         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_null_expression(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[2])
         {
            /*
             Note: The following are the type promotion rules
             that relate to operations that include 'null':
             0. null ==/!=     null --> true false
             1. null operation null --> null
             2. x    ==/!=     null --> true/false
             3. null ==/!=     x    --> true/false
             4. x   operation  null --> x
             5. null operation x    --> x
            */

            typedef typename details::null_eq_node<T> nulleq_node_t;

            bool b0_null = details::is_null_node(branch[0]);
            bool b1_null = details::is_null_node(branch[1]);

            if (b0_null && b1_null)
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = error_node();

               if (details::e_eq == operation)
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(1));
               else if (details::e_ne == operation)
                  result = node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(0));

               if (result)
               {
                  details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
                  details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

                  return result;
               }

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);

               return branch[0];
            }
            else if (details::e_eq == operation)
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = node_allocator_->
                                                allocate_rc<nulleq_node_t>(branch[b0_null ? 0 : 1],true);

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[b0_null ? 1 : 0]);

               return result;
            }
            else if (details::e_ne == operation)
            {
               expression_node_ptr result = node_allocator_->
                                                allocate_rc<nulleq_node_t>(branch[b0_null ? 0 : 1],false);

               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[b0_null ? 1 : 0]);

               return result;
            }
            else if (b0_null)
            {
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);
               branch[0] = branch[1];
               branch[1] = error_node();
            }
            else if (b1_null)
            {
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[1]);
               branch[1] = error_node();
            }

            if (
                 (details::e_add == operation) || (details::e_sub == operation) ||
                 (details::e_mul == operation) || (details::e_div == operation) ||
                 (details::e_mod == operation) || (details::e_pow == operation)
               )
            {
               return branch[0];
            }
            else if (
                      (details::e_lt    == operation) || (details::e_lte  == operation) ||
                      (details::e_gt    == operation) || (details::e_gte  == operation) ||
                      (details::e_and   == operation) || (details::e_nand == operation) ||
                      (details::e_or    == operation) || (details::e_nor  == operation) ||
                      (details::e_xor   == operation) || (details::e_xnor == operation) ||
                      (details::e_in    == operation) || (details::e_like == operation) ||
                      (details::e_ilike == operation)
                    )
            {
               return node_allocator_->allocate_c<literal_node_t>(T(0));
            }

            details::free_node(*node_allocator_,branch[0]);

            return node_allocator_->allocate<details::null_node<Type> >();
         }

         template <typename NodeType, std::size_t N>
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_expression(const details::operator_type& operation, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[N])
         {
            if (
                 (details::e_in    == operation) ||
                 (details::e_like  == operation) ||
                 (details::e_ilike == operation)
               )
               return error_node();
            else if (!details::all_nodes_valid<N>(branch))
            {
               free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else if ((details::e_default != operation))
            {
               // Attempt simple constant folding optimization.
               expression_node_ptr expression_point = node_allocator_->allocate<NodeType>(operation,branch);

               if (is_constant_foldable<N>(branch))
               {
                  Type v = expression_point->value();
                  details::free_node(*node_allocator_,expression_point);

                  return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
               }
               else
                  return expression_point;
            }
            else
               return error_node();
         }

         template <typename NodeType, std::size_t N>
         inline expression_node_ptr synthesize_expression(F* f, expression_node_ptr (&branch)[N])
         {
            if (!details::all_nodes_valid<N>(branch))
            {
               free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }

            typedef typename details::function_N_node<T,ifunction_t,N> function_N_node_t;

            // Attempt simple constant folding optimization.

            expression_node_ptr expression_point = node_allocator_->allocate<NodeType>(f);
            function_N_node_t* func_node_ptr = dynamic_cast<function_N_node_t*>(expression_point);

            if (0 == func_node_ptr)
            {
               free_all_nodes(*node_allocator_,branch);

               return error_node();
            }
            else
               func_node_ptr->init_branches(branch);

            if (is_constant_foldable<N>(branch) && !f->has_side_effects())
            {
               Type v = expression_point->value();
               details::free_node(*node_allocator_,expression_point);

               return node_allocator_->allocate<literal_node_t>(v);
            }

            parser_->state_.activate_side_effect("synthesize_expression(function<NT,N>)");

            return expression_point;
         }

         bool strength_reduction_enabled_;
         details::node_allocator* node_allocator_;
         synthesize_map_t synthesize_map_;
         unary_op_map_t* unary_op_map_;
         binary_op_map_t* binary_op_map_;
         inv_binary_op_map_t* inv_binary_op_map_;
         sf3_map_t* sf3_map_;
         sf4_map_t* sf4_map_;
         parser_t* parser_;
      };

      inline void set_error(const parser_error::type& error_type)
      {
         error_list_.push_back(error_type);
      }

      inline void remove_last_error()
      {
         if (!error_list_.empty())
         {
            error_list_.pop_back();
         }
      }

      inline void set_synthesis_error(const std::string& synthesis_error_message)
      {
         if (synthesis_error_.empty())
         {
            synthesis_error_ = synthesis_error_message;
         }
      }

      inline void register_local_vars(expression<T>& e)
      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sem_.size(); ++i)
         {
            scope_element& se = sem_.get_element(i);

            if (
                 (scope_element::e_variable == se.type) ||
                 (scope_element::e_vecelem  == se.type)
               )
            {
               if (se.var_node)
               {
                  e.register_local_var(se.var_node);
               }

               if (se.data)
               {
                  e.register_local_data(se.data,1,0);
               }
            }
            else if (scope_element::e_vector == se.type)
            {
               if (se.vec_node)
               {
                  e.register_local_var(se.vec_node);
               }

               if (se.data)
               {
                  e.register_local_data(se.data,se.size,1);
               }
            }
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            else if (scope_element::e_string == se.type)
            {
               if (se.str_node)
               {
                  e.register_local_var(se.str_node);
               }

               if (se.data)
               {
                  e.register_local_data(se.data,se.size,2);
               }
            }
            #endif

            se.var_node  = 0;
            se.vec_node  = 0;
            #ifndef exprtk_disable_string_capabilities
            se.str_node  = 0;
            #endif
            se.data      = 0;
            se.ref_count = 0;
            se.active    = false;
         }
      }

      inline void register_return_results(expression<T>& e)
      {
         e.register_return_results(results_context_);
         results_context_ = 0;
      }

      inline void load_unary_operations_map(unary_op_map_t& m)
      {
         #define register_unary_op(Op,UnaryFunctor)             \
         m.insert(std::make_pair(Op,UnaryFunctor<T>::process)); \

         register_unary_op(details::  e_abs,details::  abs_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_acos,details:: acos_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_acosh,details::acosh_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_asin,details:: asin_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_asinh,details::asinh_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_atanh,details::atanh_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_ceil,details:: ceil_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_cos,details::  cos_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_cosh,details:: cosh_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_exp,details::  exp_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_expm1,details::expm1_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_floor,details::floor_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_log,details::  log_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_log10,details::log10_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_log2,details:: log2_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_log1p,details::log1p_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_neg,details::  neg_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_pos,details::  pos_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_round,details::round_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_sin,details::  sin_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_sinc,details:: sinc_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_sinh,details:: sinh_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_sqrt,details:: sqrt_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_tan,details::  tan_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_tanh,details:: tanh_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_cot,details::  cot_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_sec,details::  sec_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_csc,details::  csc_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_r2d,details::  r2d_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_d2r,details::  d2r_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_d2g,details::  d2g_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_g2d,details::  g2d_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_notl,details:: notl_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_sgn,details::  sgn_op)
         register_unary_op(details::  e_erf,details::  erf_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_erfc,details:: erfc_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_ncdf,details:: ncdf_op)
         register_unary_op(details:: e_frac,details:: frac_op)
         register_unary_op(details::e_trunc,details::trunc_op)
         #undef register_unary_op
      }

      inline void load_binary_operations_map(binary_op_map_t& m)
      {
         typedef typename binary_op_map_t::value_type value_type;

         #define register_binary_op(Op,BinaryFunctor)        \
         m.insert(value_type(Op,BinaryFunctor<T>::process)); \

         register_binary_op(details:: e_add,details:: add_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_sub,details:: sub_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_mul,details:: mul_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_div,details:: div_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_mod,details:: mod_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_pow,details:: pow_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_lt,details::  lt_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_lte,details:: lte_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_gt,details::  gt_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_gte,details:: gte_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_eq,details::  eq_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_ne,details::  ne_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_and,details:: and_op)
         register_binary_op(details::e_nand,details::nand_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_or,details::  or_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_nor,details:: nor_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_xor,details:: xor_op)
         register_binary_op(details::e_xnor,details::xnor_op)
         #undef register_binary_op
      }

      inline void load_inv_binary_operations_map(inv_binary_op_map_t& m)
      {
         typedef typename inv_binary_op_map_t::value_type value_type;

         #define register_binary_op(Op,BinaryFunctor)        \
         m.insert(value_type(BinaryFunctor<T>::process,Op)); \

         register_binary_op(details:: e_add,details:: add_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_sub,details:: sub_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_mul,details:: mul_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_div,details:: div_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_mod,details:: mod_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_pow,details:: pow_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_lt,details::  lt_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_lte,details:: lte_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_gt,details::  gt_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_gte,details:: gte_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_eq,details::  eq_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_ne,details::  ne_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_and,details:: and_op)
         register_binary_op(details::e_nand,details::nand_op)
         register_binary_op(details::  e_or,details::  or_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_nor,details:: nor_op)
         register_binary_op(details:: e_xor,details:: xor_op)
         register_binary_op(details::e_xnor,details::xnor_op)
         #undef register_binary_op
      }

      inline void load_sf3_map(sf3_map_t& sf3_map)
      {
         typedef std::pair<trinary_functor_t,details::operator_type> pair_t;

         #define register_sf3(Op)                                                                             \
         sf3_map[details::sf##Op##_op<T>::id()] = pair_t(details::sf##Op##_op<T>::process,details::e_sf##Op); \

         register_sf3(00) register_sf3(01) register_sf3(02) register_sf3(03)
         register_sf3(04) register_sf3(05) register_sf3(06) register_sf3(07)
         register_sf3(08) register_sf3(09) register_sf3(10) register_sf3(11)
         register_sf3(12) register_sf3(13) register_sf3(14) register_sf3(15)
         register_sf3(16) register_sf3(17) register_sf3(18) register_sf3(19)
         register_sf3(20) register_sf3(21) register_sf3(22) register_sf3(23)
         register_sf3(24) register_sf3(25) register_sf3(26) register_sf3(27)
         register_sf3(28) register_sf3(29) register_sf3(30)
         #undef register_sf3
      }

      inline void load_sf4_map(sf4_map_t& sf4_map)
      {
         typedef std::pair<quaternary_functor_t,details::operator_type> pair_t;

         #define register_sf4(Op)                                                                             \
         sf4_map[details::sf##Op##_op<T>::id()] = pair_t(details::sf##Op##_op<T>::process,details::e_sf##Op); \

         register_sf4(48) register_sf4(49) register_sf4(50) register_sf4(51)
         register_sf4(52) register_sf4(53) register_sf4(54) register_sf4(55)
         register_sf4(56) register_sf4(57) register_sf4(58) register_sf4(59)
         register_sf4(60) register_sf4(61) register_sf4(62) register_sf4(63)
         register_sf4(64) register_sf4(65) register_sf4(66) register_sf4(67)
         register_sf4(68) register_sf4(69) register_sf4(70) register_sf4(71)
         register_sf4(72) register_sf4(73) register_sf4(74) register_sf4(75)
         register_sf4(76) register_sf4(77) register_sf4(78) register_sf4(79)
         register_sf4(80) register_sf4(81) register_sf4(82) register_sf4(83)
         #undef register_sf4

         #define register_sf4ext(Op)                                                                                    \
         sf4_map[details::sfext##Op##_op<T>::id()] = pair_t(details::sfext##Op##_op<T>::process,details::e_sf4ext##Op); \

         register_sf4ext(00) register_sf4ext(01) register_sf4ext(02) register_sf4ext(03)
         register_sf4ext(04) register_sf4ext(05) register_sf4ext(06) register_sf4ext(07)
         register_sf4ext(08) register_sf4ext(09) register_sf4ext(10) register_sf4ext(11)
         register_sf4ext(12) register_sf4ext(13) register_sf4ext(14) register_sf4ext(15)
         register_sf4ext(16) register_sf4ext(17) register_sf4ext(18) register_sf4ext(19)
         register_sf4ext(20) register_sf4ext(21) register_sf4ext(22) register_sf4ext(23)
         register_sf4ext(24) register_sf4ext(25) register_sf4ext(26) register_sf4ext(27)
         register_sf4ext(28) register_sf4ext(29) register_sf4ext(30) register_sf4ext(31)
         register_sf4ext(32) register_sf4ext(33) register_sf4ext(34) register_sf4ext(35)
         register_sf4ext(36) register_sf4ext(36) register_sf4ext(38) register_sf4ext(39)
         register_sf4ext(40) register_sf4ext(41) register_sf4ext(42) register_sf4ext(43)
         register_sf4ext(44) register_sf4ext(45) register_sf4ext(46) register_sf4ext(47)
         register_sf4ext(48) register_sf4ext(49) register_sf4ext(50) register_sf4ext(51)
         register_sf4ext(52) register_sf4ext(53) register_sf4ext(54) register_sf4ext(55)
         register_sf4ext(56) register_sf4ext(57) register_sf4ext(58) register_sf4ext(59)
         #undef register_sf4ext
      }

      inline results_context_t& results_ctx()
      {
         if (0 == results_context_)
         {
            results_context_ = new results_context_t();
         }

         return (*results_context_);
      }

      inline void return_cleanup()
      {
         if (results_context_)
         {
            delete results_context_;
            results_context_ = 0;
         }

         state_.return_stmt_present = false;
      }

   private:

      parser(const parser<T>&);
      parser<T>& operator=(const parser<T>&);

      settings_store settings_;
      expression_generator<T> expression_generator_;
      details::node_allocator node_allocator_;
      symtab_store symtab_store_;
      dependent_entity_collector dec_;
      std::deque<parser_error::type> error_list_;
      std::deque<bool> brkcnt_list_;
      parser_state state_;
      bool resolve_unknown_symbol_;
      results_context_t* results_context_;
      unknown_symbol_resolver* unknown_symbol_resolver_;
      unknown_symbol_resolver default_usr_;
      base_ops_map_t base_ops_map_;
      unary_op_map_t unary_op_map_;
      binary_op_map_t binary_op_map_;
      inv_binary_op_map_t inv_binary_op_map_;
      sf3_map_t sf3_map_;
      sf4_map_t sf4_map_;
      std::string synthesis_error_;
      scope_element_manager sem_;

      lexer::helper::helper_assembly helper_assembly_;

      lexer::helper::commutative_inserter commutative_inserter_;
      lexer::helper::operator_joiner      operator_joiner_2_;
      lexer::helper::operator_joiner      operator_joiner_3_;
      lexer::helper::symbol_replacer      symbol_replacer_;
      lexer::helper::bracket_checker      bracket_checker_;
      lexer::helper::numeric_checker      numeric_checker_;
      lexer::helper::sequence_validator   sequence_validator_;
   };

   template <typename T>
   inline T integrate(expression<T>& e,
                      T& x,
                      const T& r0, const T& r1,
                      const std::size_t number_of_intervals = 1000000)
   {
      if (r0 > r1)
         return T(0);

      T h = (r1 - r0) / (T(2) * number_of_intervals);
      T total_area = T(0);

      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < number_of_intervals; ++i)
      {
         x = r0 + T(2) * i * h;
         T y0 = e.value(); x += h;
         T y1 = e.value(); x += h;
         T y2 = e.value(); x += h;
         total_area += h * (y0 + T(4) * y1 + y2) / T(3);
      }

      return total_area;
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T integrate(expression<T>& e,
                      const std::string& variable_name,
                      const T& r0, const T& r1,
                      const std::size_t number_of_intervals = 1000000)
   {
      symbol_table<T>& sym_table = e.get_symbol_table();

      if (!sym_table.valid())
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();

      details::variable_node<T>* var = sym_table.get_variable(variable_name);

      if (var)
      {
         T& x = var->ref();
         T  x_original = x;
         T result = integrate(e,x,r0,r1,number_of_intervals);
         x = x_original;

         return result;
      }
      else
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T derivative(expression<T>& e,
                       T& x,
                       const T& h = T(0.00000001))
   {
      T x_init = x;
      x = x_init + T(2) * h;
      T y0 = e.value();
      x = x_init + h;
      T y1 = e.value();
      x = x_init - h;
      T y2 = e.value();
      x = x_init - T(2) * h;
      T y3 = e.value();
      x = x_init;

      return (-y0 + T(8) * (y1 - y2) + y3) / (T(12) * h);
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T second_derivative(expression<T>& e,
                              T& x,
                              const T& h = T(0.00001))
   {
      T y = e.value();
      T x_init = x;
      x = x_init + T(2) * h;
      T y0 = e.value();
      x = x_init + h;
      T y1 = e.value();
      x = x_init - h;
      T y2 = e.value();
      x = x_init - T(2) * h;
      T y3 = e.value();
      x = x_init;

      return (-y0 + T(16) * (y1 + y2) - T(30) * y - y3) / (T(12) * h * h);
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T third_derivative(expression<T>& e,
                             T& x,
                             const T& h = T(0.0001))
   {
      T x_init = x;
      x = x_init + T(2) * h;
      T y0 = e.value();
      x = x_init + h;
      T y1 = e.value();
      x = x_init - h;
      T y2 = e.value();
      x = x_init - T(2) * h;
      T y3 = e.value();
      x = x_init;

      return (y0 + T(2) * (y2 - y1) - y3) / (T(2) * h * h * h);
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T derivative(expression<T>& e,
                       const std::string& variable_name,
                       const T& h = T(0.00000001))
   {
      symbol_table<T>& sym_table = e.get_symbol_table();

      if (!sym_table.valid())
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      details::variable_node<T>* var = sym_table.get_variable(variable_name);

      if (var)
      {
         T& x = var->ref();
         T x_original = x;
         T result = derivative(e,x,h);
         x = x_original;

         return result;
      }
      else
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T second_derivative(expression<T>& e,
                              const std::string& variable_name,
                              const T& h = T(0.00001))
   {
      symbol_table<T>& sym_table = e.get_symbol_table();

      if (!sym_table.valid())
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      details::variable_node<T>* var = sym_table.get_variable(variable_name);

      if (var)
      {
         T& x = var->ref();
         T x_original = x;
         T result = second_derivative(e,x,h);
         x = x_original;

         return result;
      }
      else
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline T third_derivative(expression<T>& e,
                             const std::string& variable_name,
                             const T& h = T(0.0001))
   {
      symbol_table<T>& sym_table = e.get_symbol_table();

      if (!sym_table.valid())
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      details::variable_node<T>* var = sym_table.get_variable(variable_name);

      if (var)
      {
         T& x = var->ref();
         T x_original = x;
         T result = third_derivative(e,x,h);
         x = x_original;

         return result;
      }
      else
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
   }

   /*
      Note: The following 'compute' routines are simple helpers,
      for quickly setting up the required pieces of code in order
      to evaluate an expression. By virtue of how they operate
      there will be an overhead with regards to their setup and
      teardown and hence should not be used in time critical
      sections of code.
      Furthermore they only assume a small sub set of variables - no
      string variables or user defined functions.
   */
   template <typename T>
   inline bool compute(const std::string& expression_string, T& result)
   {
      // No variables
      symbol_table<T> symbol_table;
      symbol_table.add_constants();

      expression<T> expression;
      parser<T> parser;

      if (parser.compile(expression_string,expression))
      {
         result = expression.value();

         return true;
      }
      else
         return false;
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline bool compute(const std::string& expression_string,
                       const T& x,
                       T& result)
   {
      // Only 'x'
      static const std::string x_var("x");

      symbol_table<T> symbol_table;
      symbol_table.add_constants();
      symbol_table.add_variable(x_var,x);

      expression<T> expression;
      parser<T> parser;

      if (parser.compile(expression_string,expression))
      {
         result = expression.value();

         return true;
      }
      else
         return false;
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline bool compute(const std::string& expression_string,
                       const T&x, const T& y,
                       T& result)
   {
      // Only 'x' and 'y'
      static const std::string x_var("x");
      static const std::string y_var("y");

      symbol_table<T> symbol_table;
      symbol_table.add_constants();
      symbol_table.add_variable(x_var,x);
      symbol_table.add_variable(y_var,y);

      expression<T> expression;
      parser<T> parser;

      if (parser.compile(expression_string,expression))
      {
         result = expression.value();

         return true;
      }
      else
         return false;
   }

   template <typename T>
   inline bool compute(const std::string& expression_string,
                       const T& x, const T& y, const T& z,
                       T& result)
   {
      // Only 'x', 'y' or 'z'
      static const std::string x_var("x");
      static const std::string y_var("y");
      static const std::string z_var("z");

      symbol_table<T> symbol_table;
      symbol_table.add_constants();
      symbol_table.add_variable(x_var,x);
      symbol_table.add_variable(y_var,y);
      symbol_table.add_variable(z_var,z);

      expression<T> expression;
      parser<T> parser;

      if (parser.compile(expression_string,expression))
      {
         result = expression.value();

         return true;
      }
      else
         return false;
   }

   template <typename T, std::size_t N>
   class polynomial : public ifunction<T>
   {
   private:

      template <typename Type, std::size_t NumberOfCoefficients>
      struct poly_impl { };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,12>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c12, const Type c11, const Type c10, const Type c9, const Type c8,
                                  const Type  c7, const Type  c6, const Type  c5, const Type c4, const Type c3,
                                  const Type  c2, const Type  c1, const Type  c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_12x^12 + c_11x^11 + c_10x^10 + c_9x^9 + c_8x^8 + c_7x^7 + c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return ((((((((((((c12 * x + c11) * x + c10) * x + c9) * x + c8) * x + c7) * x + c6) * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,11>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c11, const Type c10, const Type c9, const Type c8, const Type c7,
                                  const Type c6,  const Type  c5, const Type c4, const Type c3, const Type c2,
                                  const Type c1,  const Type  c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_11x^11 + c_10x^10 + c_9x^9 + c_8x^8 + c_7x^7 + c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return (((((((((((c11 * x + c10) * x + c9) * x + c8) * x + c7) * x + c6) * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,10>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c10, const Type c9, const Type c8, const Type c7, const Type c6,
                                  const Type c5,  const Type c4, const Type c3, const Type c2, const Type c1,
                                  const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_10x^10 + c_9x^9 + c_8x^8 + c_7x^7 + c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return ((((((((((c10 * x + c9) * x + c8) * x + c7) * x + c6) * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,9>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c9, const Type c8, const Type c7, const Type c6, const Type c5,
                                  const Type c4, const Type c3, const Type c2, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_9x^9 + c_8x^8 + c_7x^7 + c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return (((((((((c9 * x + c8) * x + c7) * x + c6) * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,8>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c8, const Type c7, const Type c6, const Type c5, const Type c4,
                                  const Type c3, const Type c2, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_8x^8 + c_7x^7 + c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return ((((((((c8 * x + c7) * x + c6) * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,7>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c7, const Type c6, const Type c5, const Type c4, const Type c3,
                                  const Type c2, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_7x^7 + c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return (((((((c7 * x + c6) * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,6>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c6, const Type c5, const Type c4, const Type c3, const Type c2,
                                  const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_6x^6 + c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return ((((((c6 * x + c5) * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,5>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x,
                                  const Type c5, const Type c4, const Type c3, const Type c2,
                                  const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_5x^5 + c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return (((((c5 * x + c4) * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,4>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x, const Type c4, const Type c3, const Type c2, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_4x^4 + c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return ((((c4 * x + c3) * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,3>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x, const Type c3, const Type c2, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_3x^3 + c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return (((c3 * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,2>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x, const Type c2, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_2x^2 + c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return ((c2 * x + c1) * x + c0);
         }
      };

      template <typename Type>
      struct poly_impl <Type,1>
      {
         static inline T evaluate(const Type x, const Type c1, const Type c0)
         {
            // p(x) = c_1x^1 + c_0x^0
            return (c1 * x + c0);
         }
      };

   public:

      polynomial()
      : ifunction<T>((N+2 <= 20) ? (N + 2) : std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max())
      {
         disable_has_side_effects(*this);
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((1 == N) ? poly_impl<T,1>::evaluate(x,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((2 == N) ? poly_impl<T,2>::evaluate(x,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((3 == N) ? poly_impl<T,3>::evaluate(x,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((4 == N) ? poly_impl<T,4>::evaluate(x,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((5 == N) ? poly_impl<T,5>::evaluate(x,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((6 == N) ? poly_impl<T,6>::evaluate(x,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c7, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((7 == N) ? poly_impl<T,7>::evaluate(x,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c8, const T& c7, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((8 == N) ? poly_impl<T,8>::evaluate(x,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c9, const T& c8, const T& c7, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((9 == N) ? poly_impl<T,9>::evaluate(x,c9,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c10, const T& c9, const T& c8, const T& c7, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((10 == N) ? poly_impl<T,10>::evaluate(x,c10,c9,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c11, const T& c10, const T& c9, const T& c8, const T& c7, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((11 == N) ? poly_impl<T,11>::evaluate(x,c11,c10,c9,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T& x, const T& c12, const T& c11, const T& c10, const T& c9, const T& c8, const T& c7, const T& c6, const T& c5, const T& c4, const T& c3, const T& c2, const T& c1, const T& c0)
      {
         return ((12 == N) ? poly_impl<T,12>::evaluate(x,c12,c11,c10,c9,c8,c7,c6,c5,c4,c3,c2,c1,c0) : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN());
      }

      inline virtual T operator()()
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }

      inline virtual T operator()(const T&, const T&)
      {
         return std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
      }
   };

   template <typename T>
   class function_compositor
   {
   public:

      typedef exprtk::expression<T>   expression_t;
      typedef exprtk::symbol_table<T> symbol_table_t;
      typedef exprtk::parser<T>       parser_t;

      struct function
      {
         function()
         {}

         function(const std::string& n)
         : name_(n)
         {}

         function(const std::string& name,
                  const std::string& expression)
         : name_(name),
           expression_(expression)
         {}

         function(const std::string& name,
                  const std::string& expression,
                  const std::string& v0)
         : name_(name),
           expression_(expression)
         {
            v_.push_back(v0);
         }

         function(const std::string& name,
                  const std::string& expression,
                  const std::string& v0, const std::string& v1)
         : name_(name),
           expression_(expression)
         {
            v_.push_back(v0); v_.push_back(v1);
         }

         function(const std::string& name,
                  const std::string& expression,
                  const std::string& v0, const std::string& v1,
                  const std::string& v2)
         : name_(name),
           expression_(expression)
         {
            v_.push_back(v0); v_.push_back(v1);
            v_.push_back(v2);
         }

         function(const std::string& name,
                  const std::string& expression,
                  const std::string& v0, const std::string& v1,
                  const std::string& v2, const std::string& v3)
         : name_(name),
           expression_(expression)
         {
            v_.push_back(v0); v_.push_back(v1);
            v_.push_back(v2); v_.push_back(v3);
         }

         inline function& name(const std::string& n)
         {
            name_ = n;
            return (*this);
         }

         inline function& expression(const std::string& e)
         {
            expression_ = e;
            return (*this);
         }

         inline function& var(const std::string& v)
         {
            v_.push_back(v);
            return (*this);
         }

         std::string name_;
         std::string expression_;
         std::deque<std::string> v_;
      };

   private:

      struct base_func : public exprtk::ifunction<T>
      {
         typedef const T& type;
         typedef exprtk::ifunction<T> function_t;
         typedef std::vector<T*> varref_t;
         typedef std::vector<T> var_t;
         typedef std::pair<T*,std::size_t> lvarref_t;
         typedef std::vector<lvarref_t> lvr_vec_t;

         base_func(const std::size_t& pc = 0)
         : exprtk::ifunction<T>(pc),
           local_var_stack_size(0),
           stack_depth(0)
         {
            v.resize(pc);
         }

         virtual ~base_func()
         {}

         inline void update(const T& v0)
         {
            (*v[0]) = v0;
         }

         inline void update(const T& v0, const T& v1)
         {
            (*v[0]) = v0; (*v[1]) = v1;
         }

         inline void update(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2)
         {
            (*v[0]) = v0; (*v[1]) = v1;
            (*v[2]) = v2;
         }

         inline void update(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2, const T& v3)
         {
            (*v[0]) = v0; (*v[1]) = v1;
            (*v[2]) = v2; (*v[3]) = v3;
         }

         inline void update(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2, const T& v3, const T& v4)
         {
            (*v[0]) = v0; (*v[1]) = v1;
            (*v[2]) = v2; (*v[3]) = v3;
            (*v[4]) = v4;
         }

         inline void update(const T& v0, const T& v1, const T& v2, const T& v3, const T& v4, const T& v5)
         {
            (*v[0]) = v0; (*v[1]) = v1;
            (*v[2]) = v2; (*v[3]) = v3;
            (*v[4]) = v4; (*v[5]) = v5;
         }

         inline function_t& setup(expression_t& expr)
         {
            expression = expr;

            typedef typename expression_t::expression_holder::local_data_list_t ldl_t;
            ldl_t ldl = expr.local_data_list();

            std::vector<std::size_t> index_list;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < ldl.size(); ++i)
            {
               if (ldl[i].size)
               {
                  index_list.push_back(i);
               }
            }

            std::size_t input_param_count = 0;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < index_list.size(); ++i)
            {
               const std::size_t index = index_list[i];

               if (i < (index_list.size() - v.size()))
               {
                  lv.push_back(
                        std::make_pair(
                           reinterpret_cast<T*>(ldl[index].pointer),
                           ldl[index].size));

                  local_var_stack_size += ldl[index].size;
               }
               else
                  v[input_param_count++] = reinterpret_cast<T*>(ldl[index].pointer);
            }

            clear_stack();

            return (*this);
         }

         inline void pre()
         {
            if (stack_depth++)
            {
               if (!v.empty())
               {
                  var_t var_stack(v.size(),T(0));
                  copy(v,var_stack);
                  param_stack.push_back(var_stack);
               }

               if (!lv.empty())
               {
                  var_t local_var_stack(local_var_stack_size,T(0));
                  copy(lv,local_var_stack);
                  local_stack.push_back(local_var_stack);
               }
            }
         }

         inline void post()
         {
            if (--stack_depth)
            {
               if (!v.empty())
               {
                  copy(param_stack.back(),v);
                  param_stack.pop_back();
               }

               if (!lv.empty())
               {
                  copy(local_stack.back(),lv);
                  local_stack.pop_back();
               }
            }
         }

         void copy(const varref_t& src_v, var_t& dest_v)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < src_v.size(); ++i)
            {
               dest_v[i] = (*src_v[i]);
            }
         }

         void copy(const var_t& src_v, varref_t& dest_v)
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < src_v.size(); ++i)
            {
               (*dest_v[i]) = src_v[i];
            }
         }

         void copy(const lvr_vec_t& src_v, var_t& dest_v)
         {
            typename var_t::iterator itr = dest_v.begin();

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < src_v.size(); ++i)
            {
               lvarref_t vr = src_v[i];

               if (1 == vr.second)
                  *itr++ = (*vr.first);
               else
               {
                  std::copy(vr.first,vr.first + vr.second,itr);
                  itr += vr.second;
               }
            }
         }

         void copy(const var_t& src_v, lvr_vec_t& dest_v)
         {
            typename var_t::const_iterator itr = src_v.begin();

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < src_v.size(); ++i)
            {
               lvarref_t vr = dest_v[i];

               if (1 == vr.second)
                  (*vr.first) = *itr++;
               else
               {
                  std::copy(itr,itr + vr.second,vr.first);
                  itr += vr.second;
               }
            }
         }

         inline void clear_stack()
         {
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
            {
               (*v[i]) = 0;
            }
         }

         inline virtual T value(expression_t& e)
         {
            return e.value();
         }

         expression_t expression;
         varref_t v;
         lvr_vec_t lv;
         std::size_t local_var_stack_size;
         std::size_t stack_depth;
         std::deque<var_t> param_stack;
         std::deque<var_t> local_stack;
      };

      typedef std::map<std::string,base_func*> funcparam_t;

      struct func_0param : public base_func
      {
         func_0param() : base_func(0) {}

         inline T operator()()
         {
            return this->value(base_func::expression);
         }
      };

      typedef const T& type;

      struct func_1param : public base_func
      {
         func_1param() : base_func(1) {}

         inline T operator()(type v0)
         {
            base_func::pre();
            base_func::update(v0);
            T result = this->value(base_func::expression);
            base_func::post();
            return result;
         }
      };

      struct func_2param : public base_func
      {
         func_2param() : base_func(2) {}

         inline T operator()(type v0, type v1)
         {
            base_func::pre();
            base_func::update(v0,v1);
            T result = this->value(base_func::expression);
            base_func::post();
            return result;
         }
      };

      struct func_3param : public base_func
      {
         func_3param() : base_func(3) {}

         inline T operator()(type v0, type v1, type v2)
         {
            base_func::pre();
            base_func::update(v0,v1,v2);
            T result = this->value(base_func::expression);
            base_func::post();
            return result;
         }
      };

      struct func_4param : public base_func
      {
         func_4param() : base_func(4) {}

         inline T operator()(type v0, type v1, type v2, type v3)
         {
            base_func::pre();
            base_func::update(v0,v1,v2,v3);
            T result = this->value(base_func::expression);
            base_func::post();
            return result;
         }
      };

      struct func_5param : public base_func
      {
         func_5param() : base_func(5) {}

         inline T operator()(type v0, type v1, type v2, type v3, type v4)
         {
            base_func::pre();
            base_func::update(v0,v1,v2,v3,v4);
            T result = this->value(base_func::expression);
            base_func::post();
            return result;
         }
      };

      struct func_6param : public base_func
      {
         func_6param() : base_func(6) {}

         inline T operator()(type v0, type v1, type v2, type v3, type v4, type v5)
         {
            base_func::pre();
            base_func::update(v0,v1,v2,v3,v4,v5);
            T result = this->value(base_func::expression);
            base_func::post();
            return result;
         }
      };

      static T return_value(expression_t& e)
      {
         typedef exprtk::results_context<T> results_context_t;
         typedef typename results_context_t::type_store_t type_t;
         typedef typename type_t::scalar_view scalar_t;

         T result = e.value();

         if (
              e.return_invoked()         &&
              (e.results().count() >= 1) &&
              (type_t::e_scalar == e.results()[0].type)
            )
         {
            result = scalar_t(e.results()[0])();
         }

         return result;
      }

      #define def_fp_retval(N)                               \
      struct func_##N##param_retval : public func_##N##param \
      {                                                      \
         inline T value(expression_t& e)                     \
         {                                                   \
            return return_value(e);                          \
         }                                                   \
      };                                                     \

      def_fp_retval(0)
      def_fp_retval(1)
      def_fp_retval(2)
      def_fp_retval(3)
      def_fp_retval(4)
      def_fp_retval(5)
      def_fp_retval(6)

      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
      inline bool add(const std::string& name,
                      const std::string& expression,
                      const Sequence<std::string,Allocator>& var_list)
      {
         const std::size_t n = var_list.size();

         if (expr_map_.end() != expr_map_.find(name))
            return false;
         else if (compile_expression(name,expression,var_list))
         {
            fp_map_[n][name]->setup(expr_map_[name]);
            return true;
         }
         else
            return false;
      }

   public:

      function_compositor()
      : fp_map_(7)
      {}

      function_compositor(const symbol_table_t& st)
      : symbol_table_(st),
        fp_map_(7)
      {}

     ~function_compositor()
      {
         clear();
      }

      inline symbol_table_t& symbol_table()
      {
         return symbol_table_;
      }

      void clear()
      {
         symbol_table_.clear();
         expr_map_.clear();

         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < fp_map_.size(); ++i)
         {
            typename funcparam_t::iterator itr = fp_map_[i].begin();
            typename funcparam_t::iterator end = fp_map_[i].end  ();

            while (itr != end)
            {
               delete itr->second;
               ++itr;
            }

            fp_map_[i].clear();
         }
      }

      inline bool add(const function& f)
      {
         return add(f.name_,f.expression_,f.v_);
      }

   private:

      template <typename Allocator,
                template <typename,typename> class Sequence>
      bool compile_expression(const std::string& name,
                              const std::string& expression,
                              const Sequence<std::string,Allocator>& input_var_list,
                              bool  return_present = false)
      {
         expression_t compiled_expression;
         symbol_table_t local_symbol_table;

         local_symbol_table.load_from(symbol_table_);
         local_symbol_table.add_constants();

         if (!valid(name,input_var_list.size()))
            return false;

         if (!forward(name,
                      input_var_list.size(),
                      local_symbol_table,
                      return_present))
            return false;

         compiled_expression.register_symbol_table(local_symbol_table);

         std::string mod_expression;

         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < input_var_list.size(); ++i)
         {
            mod_expression += " var " + input_var_list[i] + "{};\n";
         }

         if (
              ('{' == expression.front()) &&
              ('}' == expression.back ())
            )
            mod_expression += "~" + expression + ";";
         else
            mod_expression += "~{" + expression + "};";

         if (!parser_.compile(mod_expression,compiled_expression))
         {
            exprtk_debug(("Compositor error: %s\n",parser_.error().c_str()));
            exprtk_debug(("Compositor modified expression: \n%s\n",mod_expression.c_str()));
            return false;
         }

         if (!return_present && parser_.dec().return_present())
         {
            remove(name,input_var_list.size());

            return compile_expression(name,expression,input_var_list,true);
         }

         expr_map_[name] = compiled_expression;

         exprtk::ifunction<T>& ifunc = (*(fp_map_[input_var_list.size()])[name]);

         return symbol_table_.add_function(name,ifunc);
      }

      inline bool symbol_used(const std::string& symbol) const
      {
         return (
                  symbol_table_.is_variable       (symbol) ||
                  symbol_table_.is_stringvar      (symbol) ||
                  symbol_table_.is_function       (symbol) ||
                  symbol_table_.is_vector         (symbol) ||
                  symbol_table_.is_vararg_function(symbol)
                );
      }

      inline bool valid(const std::string& name,
                        const std::size_t& arg_count) const
      {
         if (arg_count > 6)
            return false;
         else if (symbol_used(name))
            return false;
         else if (fp_map_[arg_count].end() != fp_map_[arg_count].find(name))
            return false;
         return true;
      }

      inline bool forward(const std::string& name,
                          const std::size_t& arg_count,
                          symbol_table_t& sym_table,
                          const bool ret_present = false)
      {
         switch (arg_count)
         {
            #define case_stmt(N)                                     \
            case N : (fp_map_[arg_count])[name] =                    \
                     (!ret_present) ? static_cast<base_func*>        \
                                      (new func_##N##param) :        \
                                      static_cast<base_func*>        \
                                      (new func_##N##param_retval) ; \
                     break;                                          \

            case_stmt(0) case_stmt(1) case_stmt(2)
            case_stmt(3) case_stmt(4) case_stmt(5)
            case_stmt(6)
            #undef case_stmt
         }

         exprtk::ifunction<T>& ifunc = (*(fp_map_[arg_count])[name]);

         return sym_table.add_function(name,ifunc);
      }

      inline void remove(const std::string& name, const std::size_t& arg_count)
      {
         if (arg_count > 6)
            return;

         typename std::map<std::string,expression_t>::iterator em_itr = expr_map_.find(name);

         if (expr_map_.end() != em_itr)
         {
            expr_map_.erase(em_itr);
         }

         typename funcparam_t::iterator fp_itr = fp_map_[arg_count].find(name);

         if (fp_map_[arg_count].end() != fp_itr)
         {
            delete fp_itr->second;
            fp_map_[arg_count].erase(fp_itr);
         }

         symbol_table_.remove_function(name);
      }

   private:

      symbol_table_t symbol_table_;
      parser_t parser_;
      std::map<std::string,expression_t> expr_map_;
      std::vector<funcparam_t> fp_map_;
   };

   template <typename T>
   inline bool pgo_primer()
   {
      static const std::string expression_list[]
                                        = {
                                             "(y + x)",
                                             "2 * (y + x)",
                                             "(2 * y + 2 * x)",
                                             "(y + x / y) * (x - y / x)",
                                             "x / ((x + y) * (x - y)) / y",
                                             "1 - ((x * y) + (y / x)) - 3",
                                             "sin(2 * x) + cos(pi / y)",
                                             "1 - sin(2 * x) + cos(pi / y)",
                                             "sqrt(1 - sin(2 * x) + cos(pi / y) / 3)",
                                             "(x^2 / sin(2 * pi / y)) -x / 2",
                                             "x + (cos(y - sin(2 / x * pi)) - sin(x - cos(2 * y / pi))) - y",
                                             "clamp(-1.0, sin(2 * pi * x) + cos(y / 2 * pi), +1.0)",
                                             "iclamp(-1.0, sin(2 * pi * x) + cos(y / 2 * pi), +1.0)",
                                             "max(3.33, min(sqrt(1 - sin(2 * x) + cos(pi / y) / 3), 1.11))",
                                             "if(avg(x,y) <= x + y, x - y, x * y) + 2 * pi / x",
                                             "1.1x^1 + 2.2y^2 - 3.3x^3 + 4.4y^4 - 5.5x^5 + 6.6y^6 - 7.7x^27 + 8.8y^55",
                                             "(yy + xx)",
                                             "2 * (yy + xx)",
                                             "(2 * yy + 2 * xx)",
                                             "(yy + xx / yy) * (xx - yy / xx)",
                                             "xx / ((xx + yy) * (xx - yy)) / yy",
                                             "1 - ((xx * yy) + (yy / xx)) - 3",
                                             "sin(2 * xx) + cos(pi / yy)",
                                             "1 - sin(2 * xx) + cos(pi / yy)",
                                             "sqrt(1 - sin(2 * xx) + cos(pi / yy) / 3)",
                                             "(xx^2 / sin(2 * pi / yy)) -xx / 2",
                                             "xx + (cos(yy - sin(2 / xx * pi)) - sin(xx - cos(2 * yy / pi))) - yy",
                                             "clamp(-1.0, sin(2 * pi * xx) + cos(yy / 2 * pi), +1.0)",
                                             "max(3.33, min(sqrt(1 - sin(2 * xx) + cos(pi / yy) / 3), 1.11))",
                                             "if(avg(xx,yy) <= xx + yy, xx - yy, xx * yy) + 2 * pi / xx",
                                             "1.1xx^1 + 2.2yy^2 - 3.3xx^3 + 4.4yy^4 - 5.5xx^5 + 6.6yy^6 - 7.7xx^27 + 8.8yy^55",
                                             "(1.1*(2.2*(3.3*(4.4*(5.5*(6.6*(7.7*(8.8*(9.9+x)))))))))",
                                             "(((((((((x+9.9)*8.8)*7.7)*6.6)*5.5)*4.4)*3.3)*2.2)*1.1)",
                                             "(x + y) * z", "x + (y * z)", "(x + y) * 7", "x + (y * 7)",
                                             "(x + 7) * y", "x + (7 * y)", "(7 + x) * y", "7 + (x * y)",
                                             "(2 + x) * 3", "2 + (x * 3)", "(2 + 3) * x", "2 + (3 * x)",
                                             "(x + 2) * 3", "x + (2 * 3)",
                                             "(x + y) * (z / w)", "(x + y) * (z / 7)", "(x + y) * (7 / z)", "(x + 7) * (y / z)",
                                             "(7 + x) * (y / z)", "(2 + x) * (y / z)", "(x + 2) * (y / 3)", "(2 + x) * (y / 3)",
                                             "(x + 2) * (3 / y)", "x + (y * (z / w))", "x + (y * (z / 7))", "x + (y * (7 / z))",
                                             "x + (7 * (y / z))", "7 + (x * (y / z))", "2 + (x * (3 / y))", "x + (2 * (y / 4))",
                                             "2 + (x * (y / 3))", "x + (2 * (3 / y))",
                                             "x + ((y * z) / w)", "x + ((y * z) / 7)", "x + ((y * 7) / z)", "x + ((7 * y) / z)",
                                             "7 + ((y * z) / w)", "2 + ((x * 3) / y)", "x + ((2 * y) / 3)", "2 + ((x * y) / 3)",
                                             "x + ((2 * 3) / y)", "(((x + y) * z) / w)",
                                             "(((x + y) * z) / 7)", "(((x + y) * 7) / z)", "(((x + 7) * y) / z)", "(((7 + x) * y) / z)",
                                             "(((2 + x) * 3) / y)", "(((x + 2) * y) / 3)", "(((2 + x) * y) / 3)", "(((x + 2) * 3) / y)",
                                             "((x + (y * z)) / w)", "((x + (y * z)) / 7)", "((x + (y * 7)) / y)", "((x + (7 * y)) / z)",
                                             "((7 + (x * y)) / z)", "((2 + (x * 3)) / y)", "((x + (2 * y)) / 3)", "((2 + (x * y)) / 3)",
                                             "((x + (2 * 3)) / y)",
                                             "(xx + yy) * zz", "xx + (yy * zz)",
                                             "(xx + yy) * 7", "xx + (yy * 7)",
                                             "(xx + 7) * yy", "xx + (7 * yy)",
                                             "(7 + xx) * yy", "7 + (xx * yy)",
                                             "(2 + x) * 3", "2 + (x * 3)",
                                             "(2 + 3) * x", "2 + (3 * x)",
                                             "(x + 2) * 3", "x + (2 * 3)",
                                             "(xx + yy) * (zz / ww)", "(xx + yy) * (zz / 7)",
                                             "(xx + yy) * (7 / zz)", "(xx + 7) * (yy / zz)",
                                             "(7 + xx) * (yy / zz)", "(2 + xx) * (yy / zz)",
                                             "(xx + 2) * (yy / 3)", "(2 + xx) * (yy / 3)",
                                             "(xx + 2) * (3 / yy)", "xx + (yy * (zz / ww))",
                                             "xx + (yy * (zz / 7))", "xx + (yy * (7 / zz))",
                                             "xx + (7 * (yy / zz))", "7 + (xx * (yy / zz))",
                                             "2 + (xx * (3 / yy))", "xx + (2 * (yy / 4))",
                                             "2 + (xx * (yy / 3))", "xx + (2 * (3 / yy))",
                                             "xx + ((yy * zz) / ww)", "xx + ((yy * zz) / 7)",
                                             "xx + ((yy * 7) / zz)", "xx + ((7 * yy) / zz)",
                                             "7 + ((yy * zz) / ww)", "2 + ((xx * 3) / yy)",
                                             "xx + ((2 * yy) / 3)", "2 + ((xx * yy) / 3)",
                                             "xx + ((2 * 3) / yy)", "(((xx + yy) * zz) / ww)",
                                             "(((xx + yy) * zz) / 7)", "(((xx + yy) * 7) / zz)",
                                             "(((xx + 7) * yy) / zz)", "(((7 + xx) * yy) / zz)",
                                             "(((2 + xx) * 3) / yy)", "(((xx + 2) * yy) / 3)",
                                             "(((2 + xx) * yy) / 3)", "(((xx + 2) * 3) / yy)",
                                             "((xx + (yy * zz)) / ww)", "((xx + (yy * zz)) / 7)",
                                             "((xx + (yy * 7)) / yy)", "((xx + (7 * yy)) / zz)",
                                             "((7 + (xx * yy)) / zz)", "((2 + (xx * 3)) / yy)",
                                             "((xx + (2 * yy)) / 3)", "((2 + (xx * yy)) / 3)",
                                             "((xx + (2 * 3)) / yy)"
                                          };
      static const std::size_t expression_list_size = sizeof(expression_list) / sizeof(std::string);

      T  x = T(0);
      T  y = T(0);
      T  z = T(0);
      T  w = T(0);
      T xx = T(0);
      T yy = T(0);
      T zz = T(0);
      T ww = T(0);

      exprtk::symbol_table<T> symbol_table;
      symbol_table.add_constants();
      symbol_table.add_variable( "x", x);
      symbol_table.add_variable( "y", y);
      symbol_table.add_variable( "z", z);
      symbol_table.add_variable( "w", w);
      symbol_table.add_variable("xx",xx);
      symbol_table.add_variable("yy",yy);
      symbol_table.add_variable("zz",zz);
      symbol_table.add_variable("ww",ww);

      typedef typename std::deque<exprtk::expression<T> > expr_list_t;
      expr_list_t expr_list;

      const std::size_t rounds = 50;

      {
         for (std::size_t r = 0; r < rounds; ++r)
         {
            expr_list.clear();
            exprtk::parser<T> parser;

            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < expression_list_size; ++i)
            {
               exprtk::expression<T> expression;
               expression.register_symbol_table(symbol_table);

               if (!parser.compile(expression_list[i],expression))
               {
                  return false;
               }

               expr_list.push_back(expression);
            }
         }
      }

      struct execute
      {
         static inline T process(T& x, T& y, expression<T>& expression)
         {
            static const T lower_bound = T(-20);
            static const T upper_bound = T(+20);

            T delta = T(0.1);
            T total = T(0);

            for (x = lower_bound; x <= upper_bound; x += delta)
            {
               for (y = lower_bound; y <= upper_bound; y += delta)
               {
                  total += expression.value();
               }
            }

            return total;
         }
      };

      for (std::size_t i = 0; i < expr_list.size(); ++i)
      {
         execute::process( x, y,expr_list[i]);
         execute::process(xx,yy,expr_list[i]);
      }

      {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
         {
            T v = T(123.456 + i);
                 if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 1>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 1))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 2>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 2))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 3>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 3))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 4>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 4))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 5>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 5))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 6>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 6))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 7>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 7))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 8>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 8))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T, 9>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T( 9))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,10>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(10))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,11>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(11))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,12>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(12))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,13>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(13))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,14>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(14))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,15>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(15))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,16>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(16))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,17>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(17))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,18>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(18))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,19>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(19))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,20>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(20))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,21>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(21))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,22>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(22))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,23>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(23))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,24>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(24))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,25>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(25))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,26>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(26))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,27>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(27))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,28>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(28))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,29>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(29))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,30>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(30))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,31>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(31))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,32>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(32))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,33>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(33))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,34>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(34))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,35>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(35))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,36>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(36))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,37>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(37))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,38>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(38))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,39>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(39))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,40>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(40))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,41>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(41))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,42>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(42))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,43>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(43))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,44>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(44))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,45>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(45))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,46>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(46))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,47>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(47))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,48>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(48))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,49>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(49))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,50>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(50))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,51>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(51))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,52>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(52))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,53>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(53))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,54>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(54))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,55>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(55))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,56>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(56))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,57>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(57))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,58>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(58))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,59>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(59))))) return false;
            else if (details::is_true(details::numeric::nequal(details::numeric::fast_exp<T,60>::result(v),details::numeric::pow(v,T(60))))) return false;
         }
      }

      return true;
   }

   namespace helper
   {
      namespace details
      {
         template <typename T>
         inline void print_type(const std::string& fmt,
                                const T v,
                                exprtk::details::numeric::details::real_type_tag)
         {
            printf(fmt.c_str(),v);
         }

         template <typename T>
         struct print_impl
         {
            typedef typename igeneric_function<T>::generic_type generic_type;
            typedef typename igeneric_function<T>::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;
            typedef typename generic_type::scalar_view scalar_t;
            typedef typename generic_type::vector_view vector_t;
            typedef typename generic_type::string_view string_t;

            static void process(const std::string& scalar_format, parameter_list_t parameters)
            {
               for (std::size_t i = 0; i < parameters.size(); ++i)
               {
                  generic_type& gt = parameters[i];

                  typename exprtk::details::numeric::details::number_type<T>::type num_type;

                  switch (gt.type)
                  {
                     case generic_type::e_scalar : print_type(scalar_format,scalar_t(gt)(),num_type);
                                                   break;

                     case generic_type::e_vector : {
                                                      vector_t vector(gt);

                                                      for (std::size_t x = 0; x < vector.size(); ++x)
                                                      {
                                                         print_type(scalar_format,vector[x],num_type);

                                                         if ((x + 1) < vector.size())
                                                            printf(" ");
                                                      }
                                                   }
                                                   break;

                     case generic_type::e_string : printf("%s",to_str(string_t(gt)).c_str());
                                                   break;

                     default                     : continue;
                  }
               }
            }
         };
      }

      template <typename T>
      struct print : public exprtk::igeneric_function<T>
      {
         typedef typename igeneric_function<T>::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;

         print(const std::string& scalar_format = "%10.5f")
         : scalar_format_(scalar_format)
         {
            exprtk::enable_zero_parameters(*this);
         }

         inline T operator()(parameter_list_t parameters)
         {
            details::print_impl<T>::process(scalar_format_,parameters);
            return T(0);
         }

         std::string scalar_format_;
      };

      template <typename T>
      struct println : public exprtk::igeneric_function<T>
      {
         typedef typename igeneric_function<T>::parameter_list_t parameter_list_t;

         println(const std::string& scalar_format = "%10.5f")
         : scalar_format_(scalar_format)
         {
            exprtk::enable_zero_parameters(*this);
         }

         inline T operator()(parameter_list_t parameters)
         {
            details::print_impl<T>::process(scalar_format_,parameters);
            printf("\n");
            return T(0);
         }

         std::string scalar_format_;
      };
   }
}

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32)
#   ifndef NOMINMAX
#      define NOMINMAX
#   endif
#   ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#      define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#   endif
#   include <windows.h>
#   include <ctime>
#else
#   include <ctime>
#   include <sys/time.h>
#   include <sys/types.h>
#endif

namespace exprtk
{

   class timer
   {
   public:

      #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32)
      timer()
      : in_use_(false)
      {
         QueryPerformanceFrequency(&clock_frequency_);
      }

      inline void start()
      {
         in_use_ = true;
         QueryPerformanceCounter(&start_time_);
      }

      inline void stop()
      {
         QueryPerformanceCounter(&stop_time_);
         in_use_ = false;
      }

      inline double time() const
      {
         return (1.0 * (stop_time_.QuadPart - start_time_.QuadPart)) / (1.0 * clock_frequency_.QuadPart);
      }

      #else

      timer()
      : in_use_(false)
      {
         start_time_.tv_sec  = 0;
         start_time_.tv_usec = 0;
         stop_time_.tv_sec   = 0;
         stop_time_.tv_usec  = 0;
      }

      inline void start()
      {
         in_use_ = true;
         gettimeofday(&start_time_,0);
      }

      inline void stop()
      {
         gettimeofday(&stop_time_, 0);
         in_use_ = false;
      }

      inline unsigned long long int usec_time() const
      {
         if (!in_use_)
         {
            if (stop_time_.tv_sec >= start_time_.tv_sec)
            {
               return 1000000 * (stop_time_.tv_sec  - start_time_.tv_sec ) +
                                (stop_time_.tv_usec - start_time_.tv_usec);
            }
            else
               return std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long int>::max();
         }
         else
            return std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long int>::max();
      }

      inline double time() const
      {
         return usec_time() * 0.000001;
      }

      #endif

      inline bool in_use() const
      {
         return in_use_;
      }

   private:

      bool in_use_;

      #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32)
         LARGE_INTEGER start_time_;
         LARGE_INTEGER stop_time_;
         LARGE_INTEGER clock_frequency_;
      #else
         struct timeval start_time_;
         struct timeval stop_time_;
      #endif
   };

   namespace information
   {
      static const char* library = "Mathematical Expression Toolkit";
      static const char* version = "2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369995957";
      static const char* date    = "20150330";

      static inline std::string data()
      {
         static const std::string info_str = std::string(library) +
                                             std::string(" v") + std::string(version) +
                                             std::string(" (") + date + std::string(")");
         return info_str;
      }

   } // namespace information

} // namespace exprtk

#endif