doc/README.nand - u-boot - Git at Google


            
            NAND FLASH commands and notes


            See NOTE below!!!


            # (C) Copyright 2003

            
            # Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com

            
            #

            
            # See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this

            
            # project.

            
            #

            
            # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

            
            # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as

            
            # published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of

            
            # the License, or (at your option) any later version.

            
            #

            
            # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

            
            # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

            
            # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

            
            # GNU General Public License for more details.

            
            #

            
            # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

            
            # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

            
            # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,

            
            # MA 02111-1307 USA


            Commands:


               nand bad

            
                  Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.


               nand device

            
                  Print information about the current NAND device.


               nand device num

            
                  Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.


               nand erase off|partition size

            
               nand erase clean [off|partition size]

            
                  Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Alternatively partition

            
                  name can be specified, in this case size will be eventually limited

            
                  to not exceed partition size (this behaviour applies also to read

            
                  and write commands). Only complete erase blocks can be erased.


                  If `erase' is specified without an offset or size, the entire flash

            
                  is erased. If `erase' is specified with partition but without an

            
                  size, the entire partition is erased.


                  If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to

            
                  each block after it is erased.


                  This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is

            
                  a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.

            
                  Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked

            
                  bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.


               nand info

            
                  Print information about all of the NAND devices found.


               nand read addr ofs|partition size

            
                  Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'.  Blocks that

            
                  are marked bad are skipped.  If a page cannot be read because an

            
                  uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.


               nand read.oob addr ofs|partition size

            
                  Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to

            
                  `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of

            
                  data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check

            
                  for bad blocks or ECC errors.


               nand write addr ofs|partition size

            
                  Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash.  Blocks that

            
                  are marked bad are skipped.  If a page cannot be read because an

            
                  uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.


                  As JFFS2 skips blocks similarly, this allows writing a JFFS2 image,

            
                  as long as the image is short enough to fit even after skipping the

            
                  bad blocks.  Compact images, such as those produced by mkfs.jffs2

            
                  should work well, but loading an image copied from another flash is

            
                  going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.


               nand write.trimffs addr ofs|partition size

            
                  Enabled by the CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TRIMFFS macro. This command will write to

            
                  the NAND flash in a manner identical to the 'nand write' command

            
                  described above -- with the additional check that all pages at the end

            
                  of eraseblocks which contain only 0xff data will not be written to the

            
                  NAND flash. This behaviour is required when flashing UBI images

            
                  containing UBIFS volumes as per the UBI FAQ[1].


                  [1] http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html#L_flasher_algo


               nand write.oob addr ofs|partition size

            
                  Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area

            
                  corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes

            
                  of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check

            
                  for bad blocks.


               nand read.raw addr ofs|partition [count]

            
               nand write.raw addr ofs|partition [count]

            
                  Read or write one or more pages at "ofs" in NAND flash, from or to

            
                  "addr" in memory.  This is a raw access, so ECC is avoided and the

            
                  OOB area is transferred as well.  If count is absent, it is assumed

            
                  to be one page.  As with .yaffs2 accesses, the data is formatted as

            
                  a packed sequence of "data, oob, data, oob, ..." -- no alignment of

            
                  individual pages is maintained.


            Configuration Options:


               CONFIG_CMD_NAND

            
                  Enables NAND support and commmands.


               CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2

            
                  Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in

            
                  the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.

            
                  CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for

            
                  someone to implement.


               CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE

            
                  The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.


               CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS

            
                  The maximum number of NAND chips per device to be supported.


               CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT

            
                  Traditionally, glue code in drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c has driven

            
                  the initialization process -- it provides the mtd and nand

            
                  structs, calls a board init function for a specific device,

            
                  calls nand_scan(), and registers with mtd.


                  This arrangement does not provide drivers with the flexibility to

            
                  run code between nand_scan_ident() and nand_scan_tail(), or other

            
                  deviations from the "normal" flow.


                  If a board defines CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT, drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c

            
                  will make one call to board_nand_init(), with no arguments.  That

            
                  function is responsible for calling a driver init function for

            
                  each NAND device on the board, that performs all initialization

            
                  tasks except setting mtd->name, and registering with the rest of

            
                  U-Boot.  Those last tasks are accomplished by calling  nand_register()

            
                  on the new mtd device.


                  Example of new init to be added to the end of an existing driver

            
                  init:


            	/*

            
            	 * devnum is the device number to be used in nand commands

            
            	 * and in mtd->name.  Must be less than

            
            	 * CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_DEVICE.

            
            	 */

            
            	mtd = &nand_info[devnum];


            	/* chip is struct nand_chip, and is now provided by the driver. */

            
            	mtd->priv = &chip;


            	/*

            
            	 * Fill in appropriate values if this driver uses these fields,

            
            	 * or uses the standard read_byte/write_buf/etc. functions from

            
            	 * nand_base.c that use these fields.

            
            	 */

            
            	chip.IO_ADDR_R = ...;

            
            	chip.IO_ADDR_W = ...;


            	if (nand_scan_ident(mtd, CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_CHIPS, NULL))

            
            		error out


            	/*

            
            	 * Insert here any code you wish to run after the chip has been

            
            	 * identified, but before any other I/O is done.

            
            	 */


            	if (nand_scan_tail(mtd))

            
            		error out


            	if (nand_register(devnum))

            
            		error out


                  In addition to providing more flexibility to the driver, it reduces

            
                  the difference between a U-Boot driver and its Linux counterpart.

            
                  nand_init() is now reduced to calling board_nand_init() once, and

            
                  printing a size summary.  This should also make it easier to

            
                  transition to delayed NAND initialization.


                  Please convert your driver even if you don't need the extra

            
                  flexibility, so that one day we can eliminate the old mechanism.


            NOTE:

            
            =====


            The current NAND implementation is based on what is in recent

            
            Linux kernels.  The old legacy implementation has been removed.


            If you have board code which used CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, you'll need

            
            to convert to the current NAND interface for it to continue to work.


            The Disk On Chip driver is currently broken and has been for some time.

            
            There is a driver in drivers/mtd/nand, taken from Linux, that works with

            
            the current NAND system but has not yet been adapted to the u-boot

            
            environment.


            Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006


            JFFS2 related commands:


              implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"

            
              using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks

            
              "nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.


            Miscellaneous and testing commands:

            
              "markbad [offset]"

            
              create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)


              "scrub [offset length]"

            
              like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.

            
              DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only

            
              to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.


            NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)


              "nand lock"

            
              set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)


              "nand lock tight"

            
              set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)


              "nand lock status"

            
              displays current locking status of all pages


              "nand unlock [offset] [size]"

            
              unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)


              "nand unlock.allexcept [offset] [size]"

            
              unlock all except specified consecutive area


            I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips

            
            and 32MiB small page chips.
	NAND FLASH commands and notes

	See NOTE below!!!

	# (C) Copyright 2003
	# Dave Ellis, SIXNET, dge@sixnetio.com
	#
	# See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
	# project.
	#
	# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
	# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
	# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	#
	# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	# GNU General Public License for more details.
	#
	# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
	# MA 02111-1307 USA

	Commands:

	nand bad
	Print a list of all of the bad blocks in the current device.

	nand device
	Print information about the current NAND device.

	nand device num
	Make device `num' the current device and print information about it.

	nand erase off\|partition size
	nand erase clean [off\|partition size]
	Erase `size' bytes starting at offset `off'. Alternatively partition
	name can be specified, in this case size will be eventually limited
	to not exceed partition size (this behaviour applies also to read
	and write commands). Only complete erase blocks can be erased.

	If `erase' is specified without an offset or size, the entire flash
	is erased. If `erase' is specified with partition but without an
	size, the entire partition is erased.

	If `clean' is specified, a JFFS2-style clean marker is written to
	each block after it is erased.

	This command will not erase blocks that are marked bad. There is
	a debug option in cmd_nand.c to allow bad blocks to be erased.
	Please read the warning there before using it, as blocks marked
	bad by the manufacturer must _NEVER_ be erased.

	nand info
	Print information about all of the NAND devices found.

	nand read addr ofs\|partition size
	Read `size' bytes from `ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. Blocks that
	are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
	uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.

	nand read.oob addr ofs\|partition size
	Read `size' bytes from the out-of-band data area corresponding to
	`ofs' in NAND flash to `addr'. This is limited to the 16 bytes of
	data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
	for bad blocks or ECC errors.

	nand write addr ofs\|partition size
	Write `size' bytes from `addr' to `ofs' in NAND flash. Blocks that
	are marked bad are skipped. If a page cannot be read because an
	uncorrectable data error is found, the command stops with an error.

	As JFFS2 skips blocks similarly, this allows writing a JFFS2 image,
	as long as the image is short enough to fit even after skipping the
	bad blocks. Compact images, such as those produced by mkfs.jffs2
	should work well, but loading an image copied from another flash is
	going to be trouble if there are any bad blocks.

	nand write.trimffs addr ofs\|partition size
	Enabled by the CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TRIMFFS macro. This command will write to
	the NAND flash in a manner identical to the 'nand write' command
	described above -- with the additional check that all pages at the end
	of eraseblocks which contain only 0xff data will not be written to the
	NAND flash. This behaviour is required when flashing UBI images
	containing UBIFS volumes as per the UBI FAQ[1].

	[1] http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html#L_flasher_algo

	nand write.oob addr ofs\|partition size
	Write `size' bytes from `addr' to the out-of-band data area
	corresponding to `ofs' in NAND flash. This is limited to the 16 bytes
	of data for one 512-byte page or 2 256-byte pages. There is no check
	for bad blocks.

	nand read.raw addr ofs\|partition [count]
	nand write.raw addr ofs\|partition [count]
	Read or write one or more pages at "ofs" in NAND flash, from or to
	"addr" in memory. This is a raw access, so ECC is avoided and the
	OOB area is transferred as well. If count is absent, it is assumed
	to be one page. As with .yaffs2 accesses, the data is formatted as
	a packed sequence of "data, oob, data, oob, ..." -- no alignment of
	individual pages is maintained.

	Configuration Options:

	CONFIG_CMD_NAND
	Enables NAND support and commmands.

	CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_JFFS2
	Define this if you want the Error Correction Code information in
	the out-of-band data to be formatted to match the JFFS2 file system.
	CONFIG_MTD_NAND_ECC_YAFFS would be another useful choice for
	someone to implement.

	CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE
	The maximum number of NAND devices you want to support.

	CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_CHIPS
	The maximum number of NAND chips per device to be supported.

	CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT
	Traditionally, glue code in drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c has driven
	the initialization process -- it provides the mtd and nand
	structs, calls a board init function for a specific device,
	calls nand_scan(), and registers with mtd.

	This arrangement does not provide drivers with the flexibility to
	run code between nand_scan_ident() and nand_scan_tail(), or other
	deviations from the "normal" flow.

	If a board defines CONFIG_SYS_NAND_SELF_INIT, drivers/mtd/nand/nand.c
	will make one call to board_nand_init(), with no arguments. That
	function is responsible for calling a driver init function for
	each NAND device on the board, that performs all initialization
	tasks except setting mtd->name, and registering with the rest of
	U-Boot. Those last tasks are accomplished by calling nand_register()
	on the new mtd device.

	Example of new init to be added to the end of an existing driver
	init:

	/*
	* devnum is the device number to be used in nand commands
	* and in mtd->name. Must be less than
	* CONFIG_SYS_NAND_MAX_DEVICE.
	*/
	mtd = &nand_info[devnum];

	/* chip is struct nand_chip, and is now provided by the driver. */
	mtd->priv = &chip;

	/*
	* Fill in appropriate values if this driver uses these fields,
	* or uses the standard read_byte/write_buf/etc. functions from
	* nand_base.c that use these fields.
	*/
	chip.IO_ADDR_R = ...;
	chip.IO_ADDR_W = ...;

	if (nand_scan_ident(mtd, CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_CHIPS, NULL))
	error out

	/*
	* Insert here any code you wish to run after the chip has been
	* identified, but before any other I/O is done.
	*/

	if (nand_scan_tail(mtd))
	error out

	if (nand_register(devnum))
	error out

	In addition to providing more flexibility to the driver, it reduces
	the difference between a U-Boot driver and its Linux counterpart.
	nand_init() is now reduced to calling board_nand_init() once, and
	printing a size summary. This should also make it easier to
	transition to delayed NAND initialization.

	Please convert your driver even if you don't need the extra
	flexibility, so that one day we can eliminate the old mechanism.

	NOTE:
	=====

	The current NAND implementation is based on what is in recent
	Linux kernels. The old legacy implementation has been removed.

	If you have board code which used CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, you'll need
	to convert to the current NAND interface for it to continue to work.

	The Disk On Chip driver is currently broken and has been for some time.
	There is a driver in drivers/mtd/nand, taken from Linux, that works with
	the current NAND system but has not yet been adapted to the u-boot
	environment.

	Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006

	JFFS2 related commands:

	implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
	using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
	"nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.

	Miscellaneous and testing commands:
	"markbad [offset]"
	create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)

	"scrub [offset length]"
	like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
	DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
	to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.


	NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)

	"nand lock"
	set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)

	"nand lock tight"
	set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)

	"nand lock status"
	displays current locking status of all pages

	"nand unlock [offset] [size]"
	unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)

	"nand unlock.allexcept [offset] [size]"
	unlock all except specified consecutive area

	I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
	and 32MiB small page chips.